Борщевик Сосновского (БС) (Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden.) на протяжении многих лет считается одной из самых распространенных фитоинвазий на территории России. БС не пригоден для скармливания сельскохозяйственным животным, а также вызывает контактный фитофотодерматит. Тем не менее, БС обладает и рядом положительных свойств: болеутоляющим, противовоспалительным и ранозаживляющим действиями. Кроме того, химический состав БС довольно сложен и интересен для исследования. В связи с вышеизложенным, а также с необходимостью решения проблемы сдерживание распространения и утилизации БС, актуальным представляется разработка способов получения из него биологически активного сырья для последующего применения в различных областях. В статье представлены данные о получении водного экстракта БС с помощью кавитации, анализ его состава, а также влияние на санитарно-показательные микроорганизмы: Escherichia coli (штамм 1257), Staphylococcus aureus (штамм 209-P) и Bacillus cereus (штамм 96). Было установлено, что водный экстракт БС стабилен в процессе хранения при температуре 4±2 °С в течение 9 мес. Анализ экстракта хромато-масс-спектрометрическим методом показал присутствие различных соединений, бóльшую часть из которых составили 2-гидрокси-пропионовая (55,32%) и янтарная (23,27%) кислоты. С помощью электронной абсорбционной спектроскопии в нем были детектированы 5- и 8-метоксипсоралены в концентрации 58,1±1,3 мкг/мл. Проведение микробиологического теста продемонстрировало отсутствие ингибирующего действия экстракта на E. coli, S. aureus и B. cereus, в том числе, и при изменении рН до значений 1,5 и 0,5. Однако, был отмечен его стимулирующий эффект на данные микроорганизмы, что может объясняться содержанием органических кислот. Результаты, полученные при исследовании влияния экстракта БС на E. coli и S. aureus, позволяют сделать предположение о возможной стимуляции роста других микроорганизмов аналогичных групп устойчивости, что представляет потенциальную опасность в случае контаминации ими поврежденного кожного эпителия и слизистых оболочек. Благотворное влияние экстракта на почвенную бактерию B. cereus, вероятно, может также обуславливать опосредованную стимуляцию роста сельскохозяйственных растений. Однако, данные предположения требуют проведения дальнейших исследований. Sosnovsky's hogweed (Heracleum sosnowskyiManden.) has been considered one of the most common phytoinfestations in Russia for many years. Hogweed isn’t suitable for feeding to farm animals, and also causes contact phytophotodermatitis. Nevertheless, hogweed also has number of positive properties: analgesic, anti-inflammatory and wound healing effects. In addition, the chemical composition of hogweed is quite complex and interesting for research. In connection with the foregoing, as well as the need to solve the problem of curbing the spread and disposal of Sosnovsky's hogweed, it seems relevant to develop methods for obtaining biologically active raw materials from it for subsequent use in various fields. The article presents data on obtaining the aqueous hogweed extract using cavitation, analysis of its composition, as well as the effect on sanitary indicative microorganisms: Escherichia coli (strain 1257), Staphylococcus aureus (strain 209-P) and Bacillus cereus (strain 96). It was found that the aqueous extract is stable during storage at a temperature of 4±2 °C for 9 months. Analysis of the extract by chromatography-mass spectrometry showed the presence of various compounds, most of which were 2-hydroxy-propionic (55.32%) and succinic (23.27%) acids. Using spectrophotometry, 5- and 8-methoxypsoralens were detected in it at 58.1±1.3 µg/ml concentration. The conducting of microbiological test demonstrated the absence of inhibitory effect of the extract on E. coli, S. aureus and B. cereus, including when the pH was changed to 1.5 and 0.5. However, its stimulating effect on these microorganisms was noted, which can be explained by the organic acids content. The results obtained in the study of the effect of extract on E. coli and S. aureusallow us to make the assumption about the possible growth stimulation of similar resistance groups. It can be potential hazard if microorganisms contaminate damaged skin epithelium and mucous membranes. The positive effect of the extract on the soil bacterium B. cereus may also be responsible for the indirect stimulation of agricultural plants growth. However, these assumptions require further research.

A potentiometric study is conducted of equilibria of the formation of silver(I) complexes with thiourea and N-phenylthiourea (L) using a silver electrode in the 278.16–318.16 K range of temperatures at an ionic strength of I = 0.11 M (0.1 NaNO 3 + 0.01 HNO 3 ). It is found that mono- and binuclear complexes are present in the studied systems in a wide range of concentrations of Ag + ions (1 × 10 −5 –1 × 10 −3 ) in solution at different temperatures, and the Ag 2 L 3 2+ form dominates in both systems. It is shown that the stability of mono- and binuclear complexes falls as the temperature rises. Thermodynamic parameters (Δ H °, Δ G °, and Δ S °) are determined for mononuclear complexes.

Silver(I) complex formation with thiourea (Tu), N-phenylthiourea (Phtu), N,N'-diphenylthiourea (Bphtu), N-acetylthiourea (Aсtu), and thiosemicarbazide (Tsc) in aqueous solution at temperatures in the range 278.2–328.2 K at the ionic strength I = 0.11 mol/L (0.1 NaNO3 + 0.01 HNO3) was studied potentiometrically. The reactions yield various complexes by the scheme Ag+ + iL = $${\text{AgL}}_{i}^{ + }$$ where i = 1–3, at $$C_{{{\text{A}}{{{\text{g}}}^{ + }}}}^{0}$$ = (1–5) × 10–5 mol/L. The thermodynamic characteristics (logβi, ΔrG0, ΔrH0, and ΔrS0) for these reactions were determined. The highest rise in exothermicity (ΔrH0) was observed for the second complex formation step: AgL+ + L = $${\text{AgL}}_{2}^{ + }.$$ The exception is the reaction with thiosemicarbazide. The stabilities of monocoordinated complexes vary in the order Aсtu < Tsc < Bphtu < Phtu < Tu, in good match with the protonation constants of the respective ligands. For the $${\text{AgL}}_{2}^{ + }$$ and $${\text{AgL}}_{3}^{ + }$$ complexes of Phtu and Bphtu, this trend is spoiled because of the influence of phenyl substituents on the complex-forming properties of these thiourea derivatives.

The complexation of copper(II) with thiosemicarbazide (Tsc) in aqueous solution at t = 25°С (in 0.1 М HClO4 and 1.0 М HCl) was studied by potentiometry and spectrophotometry. It was found that in 0.1 М HClO4 and 1.0 М HCl, stable thiosemicarbazide complexes CuTsc $$_{2}^{{2 + }}$$ formed at a ratio of СTsc/ $$C_{{{\text{Cu}}}}^{{2 + }}$$ ≥ 2.0. In hydrochloric acid, stepwise replacement of ligands occurs according to the equation [CuClx] $$^{{ + 2-x}}$$ + iTsc = [CuCl $${{_{x}}_{{-1}}}$$ Tsci] $$^{{ + 2-(x-1)}}$$ + xCl–, βi. The stability constants of thiosemicarbazide and chloro thiosemicarbazide copper(II) complexes calculated from spectrophotometric data are $$\log {{\beta }_{1}}$$ = 3.96 ± 0.10, $$\log {{\beta }_{2}}$$ = 8.01 ± 0.10 (0.1 М HClO4); $$\log {{\beta }_{1}}$$ = 4.19 ± 0.06, $$\log {{\beta }_{2}}$$ = 7.87 ± 0.08 (1.0 М HCl).

The redox systems of thiourea (Tu, RS), thiosemicarbazide (Tsc), N-phenylthiourea (Phtu), N-acetylthiourea (Atu) and their oxidized form (formamidine disulfide derivatives, RSSR2+) were studied in HCl at t = 25.0 +/- 0.1 degrees C. To determine the reversibility of the processes in the system (RSSR2+ + RS + 1 M HCl) and to form the corresponding disulfides, iodine solution (I-2) and hydrogen peroxide were used as oxidants. When RS is oxidized, equilibrium is established in the system according to the equations: 2 RS - 2 e = RSSR2+. The witnesses of the equations are the slope of the electrode function theta (theta = 2.3 RT/nF), which corresponds to n = 2, that is, each R=S molecule donates one electron. The oxidation reaction with hydrogen peroxide is slow. The values of the conventional standard potential of the redox system "RSSR2+ / RS - 1 mol/l HCl" have been determined. It was found that in the oxidized form thiourea and thiosemicarbazide exhibit a stable reproducible potential, while formamidine disulfide derivatives of N-phenylthiourea and N-acetylthiourea are unstable and after 30-60 min decompose with the formation of elemental sulfur and other products. Therefore, for these systems, only solution I-2 was used as an oxidizing agent. The oxidized form of thiosemicarbazide (Tsc) (diamminoformamidine disulfide, H(2)Damfds(2+)) remains in solution for up to 4 h, after which the appearance of colloidal sulfur is observed. Note that the decomposition of the oxidized form of Phtu and Atu depends on their concentrations: an increase in the concentration of the oxidized form in solution leads to a decrease in its stability.

Complex processing of renewable plant materials is becoming the most relevant in modern socio-economic conditions. In this regard, it seems appropriate to single out the problem of the development and production of biologically active food products of rehabilitation and medical and preventive purposes from renewable plant materials and waste from their industrial processing as a priority area of innovation. The growing interest in wastes from processing plant materials is due to the fact that potential volumes, for example, sawdust, grape, apple, beetroot, and other squeezes allow them to be classified as industrial raw materials. The complete extraction of all valuable components from it is one of the ways to increase the profitability of the agricultural industry by expanding the range and volume of products. The environmental aspect is also important. Waste volumes pose a serious threat to the environment and require the development of effective ways of their disposal. This paper presents an original non-waste, energy-saving technology for the integrated processing of plant materials, in particular waste of larch wood, obtaining new structural materials and biologically active substances on its basis. The work considers the latest data, mainly by the authors, on the structure and chemical properties of dihydroquercetin (taxifolin) as one of the representatives of plant flavonoids (FL). The latter are excellent means not only for the prevention and maintenance of health, but also for the treatment of many diseases.

The hydrated acid hexamolybdocobaltate(III) complex with the amino acid glycine of composition (H 3 O) 3 [CoMo 6 O 18 (OH) 6 ]•(H 3 NCH 2 COO) 2 (H 2 O) 5 was synthesized. The structure of the new complex was established by single-crystal X-ray diff raction, powder X-ray diff raction, IR and NMR spectroscopy.

The acid complex glycine hexamolydocobaltate (H₃NCH₂СOO)₂ (H₃O)₄ [CoMo₆O₁₈(OH)₆]∙4H₂O (I) was synthesized and investigated by X-ray diffraction, IR and NMR spectroscopy. The complex crystallizes in a monoclinic structure, space group P21/m; Unitary cell parameters: a = 11,031 (2) Å, b = 12,055 (2) Å, c = 12,492 (3) Å, β = 94.18 (3)°, V = 1656.8 (6) Å₃, ρ with = 2,652 mg / m₃, Z = 2.

New caprolactam dodecamolybdosilicate of the composition (C6H11NO)4.5Н4[SiМо12O40] (I) is synthesized. Chemical and crystallographic analyses, NMR and IR spectroscopic studies are performed. Compound I is found to crystallize in the monoclinic system with the space group P21/n. Unit cell parameters are: a = 19.945(4) Å, b = 13.340(3) Å, c = 28.110(6) Å, β = 110.75(3)°, ρcalc = 2.232 g/cm3, М = 2350.63, Z = 4, V = 6994(3) Å3.

The hydrated dodecatungstatosilicate complex with protonated ortho-phenylenediamine (C6H9N2)3(Н3O)SiW12O40 · 8H2O has been synthesized and studied by X-ray diffraction. Crystals are triclinic, space group Р-1, a = 13.6817(5) Å, b =1 4.5915(5) Å, с = 15.8844(5) Å, α = 98.891(3)°, β = 101.836(3)°, γ = 114.156(2)°, V = 2729.05(16) Å3, ρcalcd = 4.100 g/cm3, Z = 2.

The hydrated dodecatungstatosilicate complex with protonated ortho -phenylenediamine (C 6 H 9 N 2 ) 3 (Н 3 O)SiW 12 O 40 · 8H 2 O has been synthesized and studied by X-ray diffraction. Crystals are triclinic, space group Р -1, a = 13.6817(5) Å, b =1 4.5915(5) Å, с = 15.8844(5) Å, α = 98.891(3)°, β = 101.836(3)°, γ = 114.156(2)°, V = 2729.05(16) Å 3 , ρcalcd = 4.100 g/cm 3 , Z = 2.

The reactivity of dihydroquercetin and catechol flavonoids in acylation, phosphorylation, and aminomethylation reactions was compared. The structure of natural polyatomic phenols was shown to affect markedly their chemical behavior.

(Hexacaprolactam)trionium dodecamolybdophosphate (C6H11NO)(6)H-3[PMo12O40] has been prepared and studied by means of chemical and X-ray diffraction analysis as well as NMR and IR spectroscopy.

Ammonium dicobalt(II)-octa-molybdenum with the composition (NH4)2[Co(H2O)4]2[Mo8O27]•6H2O (I) is synthesized and studied by X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, and thermogravimetry. The compound crystallizes in a triclinic system with the following unit cell parameters: a = 8.62923(9) Å, b = 9.4795(10) Å, c = 12.2071(13) Å, α = 104.326(2)°, β = 109.910(2)°, γ = 100.820(2)°, V = = 868.18(16) Å3, ρ(calc.) = 3.071 g/cm3, Z = 1. Space group is Р-1. IR spectroscopic and thermogravimetric analyses are performed.

The article considered carefully the task of distribution of information resources across the nodes of a computer system. Distribution problem solved during the design of information systems, and in the process re-engineering. Such problems include the class of block- symmetric problems of discrete programming. To solve the above problem and developed an effective algorithm for iterative mapping.