利用386个美洲黑杨无性系一年生苗高、地径进行方差分析、遗传参数估算发现,各性状在无性系间差异极显著,苗高、地径遗传变异系数分别为24.47％、40.48％,表型变异系数分别为25.77％、41.52％,广义遗传力分别为0.90、0.95,均较大,说明美洲黑杨无性系苗期各性状变异广泛,主要受遗传控制,可进行优良无性系选择.分别以中菏1号、1-69和T-66为对照,采用布雷金多性状综合评定法对美洲黑杨无性系苗高、地径进行综合评价,筛选出77个优良无性系,其群体苗高、地径遗传增益分别为6.14％、8.19％,现实增益分别为6.46％、9.09％,选择效果显著.筛选出的优良无性系可进一步营造区域化试验林,进而选育高产优质、适地适品种的优良无性系.

黄河故道是历史上黄河多次改道后遗存的淤积河道及冲积平原.山东省自宋朝到清朝,影响较大的有三条故道,主要分布在菏泽曹县、单县境内;其中单县境内形成了长50余km、宽10 km的淤塞河道.建国后经过长期改造治理,现在黄河故道已经全部变成了农田,土壤疏松透气.梨树抗旱、耐涝、抗盐碱能力强,黄河故道是其栽培优势区,长期以来积累了一定的产业基础.单县梨栽培面积逐年增长,目前已达2000 hm2 (3 万亩)以上.梨树主干形树形结构简单,通风透光好,产量高,品质好,适合机械化作业(图1).笔者根据生产经验,对黄河故道产区现代梨园主干形标准化栽培技术总结如下.

In order to breed fine willow,willow germplasm resources at home and abroad are collected,stored,on the baG sis of investigation and research,from Shandong Province and 90 arbor willow plus trees.4 willow germplasm banks,with a toG tal area of 5.5 hm2 were established to preserve the germplasm resources collected by means of asexual propagation..Based on the fact that willow is sparsely scattered,the distribution characteristics of different ages,with the dominant comparative method,to determine the suitable selection method of Scattered trees,wood of different ages,making the growth standard seG lected for the tree height and DBH(diameter at breast height ),tree for Salix matsudana 80 strains,10 strains of ornamental willow.

对23个参试品种和新无性系的造林表现进行试验研究;系统地研究了10个杨树品种的材性,旋切和制作胶合板性能;筛选出中菏1号、I-102、W1-141、L802等4个优良胶合板材品种和中菏2号、L324两个中档次胶合板材品种.

Based on the different site indices ,management level and planting density, different cultivation patterns of poplar plantation(Populus nigra)have been summarized and their productivity and suitable end products were analyzed. Along with the consideration of technical mature age and quantitative mature age,the economic mature age,which was determined by the maximum of NPV (net present value), was used to determine the optimal rotation age for large-grade timber production. The results showed that the suitable planting density was 250. 0-333. 3 tree/hm2and the optimal rotation age was 10-12 a on the forest land with 18 SI (site index) or more. 6 optimum cultivation patterns,which could bring more economic returns,were selected from the various cultivation patterns.

以5个黑杨派(P.deltoides)杨树无性系为材料,利用Logistic方程对各个无性系的1a生扦插苗木的苗高、地径的年生长节律进行拟合.根据因素数列的几何形状发展态势的接近程度,将苗木的生长量与影响苗木生长的气象因子空气温度、空气相对湿度、降水量和日照时数组成1个灰色系统,进行面积关联度分析.结果表明:利用Logistic方程拟合效果显著,相关系数皆在0.95以上.关联度分析表明降水量对苗木的高生长影响最大,日照时数影响最小;而日照时数对苗木的粗生长影响较大,降水量影响最小.

通过引进全国各地选育出的34个杨树新优良无性系,在山东省各杨树栽培区进行了苗期试验和区域化造林对比试验.结果表明:S307-26和PE-29-66生长表现较好,两个无性系的4a生平均胸径、平均树高和平均单株材积经方差分析均与对照I-69/55达极显著差异,4 a生平均单株材积分别超过对照I-69/55杨31.0%和40.8%,造林和育苗成活率也都与对照I-69/55相当或强,同时还具有抗病虫害性能强、材质好和生态适应范围广等特点;通过对S307-26和PE-19-66进行形质指标测定和形态描述,认为这两个无性系为美洲黑杨南方型品种.经综合测试和评价后初步认为,S307-26和PE-19-66可在山东省各杨树栽培区推广应用.

19 poplar clones of both domestic and foreign origin were introduced into Shandong Province and field test had been conducted .Following a randomized complete block design , seedling test at nursery stage and controlled afforestation trails had been held at Juxian County , Heze City , Laixi City , Laiyang City and Caoxian County respectively .The results show poplar clone 102/74 (Populus euramericana `102/74' )performs well both in terms of adaptability and growth characteristics .The growth volume per tree is 0.190 8 m3 , which is 55.1 % larger than that of 5-year-old I-69 (P .deltoids `Lux' I-69/55) (ck) in Juxian County .Results of variance analysis and t test (LSD0.05) for variables show the clones are significantly different from I-69 (ck). Furthermore , the clones can be cultivated easily and show high resistance to poplar disease infection , pest attack salinity and have long growing period .Specific gravity of wood of the clones is higher than that of I-69 (ck)and fiber length is equal to that of I-69 (ck).They are ideal for the establishment of fast-growing poplar plantations , especially for the establishment of the wood pulp forest plantation in the region .[ Ch , 1 fig .9 tab .9 ref .]

利用20世纪70～80年代山东省刺槐选优成果，在郓城、嘉祥、蒙阴、费县、胶州等地刺槐表型子代测定林中，从刺槐优良家系中选出39株优良单株，分别在东明、定陶、单县营造无性系测定林14片，并测定了各无性系的生长量、形质指标、遗传力和遗传增益等。经综合分析，选出菏刺2号、菏刺3号、菏刺4号、菏刺5号等4个优良无性系，5年生材积生长量超过对照鲁刺74059号41％～141％，形质指标优于对照。