The burgeoning field of Narrative Medicine (NM) in China has drawn the attention of scholars and medical practitioners nationwide, yet discrepancies in understanding its principles and methods remain.The absence of overarching guidance and detailed practice strategies has impeded the development of NM's potential.To address this gap and to foster a unified approach to the history, practice, and research of NM, the Narrative Medicine Association of the Chinese Preventive Medicine Association and the Narrative Medicine Association of the Beijing Integrative Medicine Association convened a panel of experts to draft the Expert Consensus on Narrative Medicine in China (ECNMC 2023) [1].Medicine is fundamentally concerned with preventing and treating diseases as well as preserving or reinstating the physical, psychological, and social well-being of individuals.Humane care should be at the core of medicine.Nonetheless, the emphasis on medical technologism and the paucity

Objective:To study the current situation and influencing factors of job satisfaction and job burnout of ophthalmology residents in training.Methods:From June to July 2022, a questionnaire survey was conducted among the students from 11 national ophthalmology residential training bases. The MSQ scale was used to evaluate job satisfaction, and the MBI-GS scale was used to evaluate job burnout. The data were analyzed by Spearman correlation analysis and multiple linear regression.Results:A total of 177 participants participated in the study, and 52 (29.4%) were satisfied, 96 (54.2%) were not completely satisfied, and 29 (16.4%) were not satisfied. There were 27 people (15.3%) with no burnout, 113 people (63.8%) with moderate burnout and 37 people (20.9%) with severe burnout. It is found that job satisfaction is negatively correlated with job burnout ( r=-0.657, P<0.001). Factors affecting overall job satisfaction were annual income ( β=0.196), current highest degree ( β=-0.125) and employment issues ( β=0.062), all P<0.05, R2=0.222. The factors affecting the overall job burnout are the years of residential training ( β=0.094) and employment issues ( β=-0.060), all P<0.05, R2=0.129. Conclusions:The ophthalmology residents has low job satisfaction and high job burnout. Income, education degree, the years of residential training and employment issues will affect their satisfaction and job burnout. Improving salaries and reducing anxiety about future employment, such as joining courses related to medical humanities, may improve job satisfaction and reduce job burnout.

Moral education integrated into course instruction is a new approach to explore and innovate moral cultivation.The approach aims at instilling virtues and work ethics in all courses,by all teachers and through all channels.Narrative medicine is a tool for cultivating medical students’ “patient-caring and life-respecting spirit” and a way for practicing medical humanities.The integration of moral education into Narrative Medicine course will provide an effective way for cultivating medical students’ personal virtues,professional ethics and social conscience.This paper introduces the course design of such integrated narrative medicine courses,and indicates the necessity and consistency of such integration.

An important facet of medical education is moral cultivation,which can be achieved in many different aspects of the clinical work.Narrative medicine by nature can cultivate morals of its practitioners.This paper aims at facilitating the medical teacher in conducting the course of “narrative medicine clinical practice” so that students can both master narrative methods in their practice,while cultivating morals through such practices.

<span id="ChDivSummary" name="ChDivSummary" class="abstract-text">目的:考察不同自我构念启动情境下大学生自尊和生活满意度间的动态关系。方法:选取大学生183名随机分为独立构念启动组（n=58）、互依构念启动组（n=65）和对照组（n=59）。3组阅读不同的启动阅读材料进行构念启动,完成启动任务后立即用自尊量表（SLSC）测评能力自尊和价值自尊,用生活满意度量表（SWLS）测评生活满意度。用多元回归分析并比较能力自尊、互依自尊对生活满意度的预测作用。结果:在独立构念启动组,能力自尊正向预测生活满意度（β=0.48）;在互依构念启动组,价值自尊正向预测生活满意度（β=0.35）;在对照组,能力自尊和价值自尊对生活满意度的预测作用均无统计学意义（均P&gt;0.05）。结论:大学生在独立和互依构念启动情境下会分别倚重能力自尊、价值自尊来预测生活满意度,提示个体在不同情境下将会以不同的方式评价和体验生活幸福感。</span>

<span id="ChDivSummary" name="ChDivSummary" class="abstract-text">目的:探讨不同自我构念大学生在自尊回忆事件主题方面呈现的特点和差异。方法:选取3所院校的大学生218名,依据其在自我构念量表（SCS）的独立和互依2个维度得分中值,分为高、低独立构念组（n=102、104）和高、低互依构念组（n=105、101）。让大学生回忆并记录两件使自己自尊提升或降低的事件,研究者对事件进行主题编码,比较高、低独立构念组和高、低互依构念组自尊事件主题出现频率的差异。结果:大学生自尊回忆中浮现出能力和关系两大主题,能力主题出现在自尊降低回忆中的比例更高,而关系主题出现在自尊提升回忆中的比例更高（P&lt;0.05）,高互依构念组较低互依构念组在自尊提升记忆中会描述更多的关系主题（P&lt;0.05）,高独立构念组较低独立构念组在自尊提升记忆中会描述更多能力主题（P&lt;0.05）。结论:自尊回忆事件主题的差异性提示,能力认可和关系和谐是影响大学生自尊的两个主要因素,不同自我构念的大学生会倚重不同因素促进自尊提升。</span>

目的 了解中国2型糖尿病患者掌握的糖尿病相关知识、获取信息的渠道,并呈现患者管理糖尿病的方法、效果和经验.方法 选取38例中国2型糖尿病患者,对其进行一对一半结构式深入访谈,鼓励患者展开疾病叙事.结果 ①患者首次确诊糖尿病呈现出四种情形和三种心理回应模式;②患者对糖尿病的病症成因尚缺乏了解,但对治疗方法较熟悉;获悉途径从单一到多元渠道分布不均;③多数患者采纳了“服药、运动、饮食”三种基本的管理模式,但对疾病管理实施和效果尚不满意.结论 糖尿病改变了患者的生活,疾病管理的本质是配合药物治疗、调整生活方式;患者有强烈的治愈疾病的愿望,但需得到当前社会环境、医疗水平、医患交流以及自我疾病和情绪管理等社会、机构和个人层面的有机配合,从而实现对糖尿病的有效管理和控制.

[目的]在山东境内调查收集旱柳优树种质,探索旱柳种内遗传多样性水平.[方法]在试验区建立旱柳无性系苗期对比试验林,利用2年生苗木,分别进行表型数据观测和分子水平遗传多样性标记,分析旱柳种内遗传多样性.[结果]旱柳种质资源群体内存在丰富的表型变异和分子遗传变异:不同无性系枝干颜色呈黄绿、灰绿、绿色、灰褐、红褐、褐色,且色差重叠少,差异显著;主干有直立、稍弯、中等弯曲、较强弯曲、扭曲,小枝有上弯、直立、下垂,且形态差异显著;不同无性系树高变异范围为1. 2~5. 5 m,地径为0. 6~4. 6 cm,叶长为8. 5~18 cm,叶宽为0. 92~3. 49 cm,叶面积为6. 258~33. 584 cm2,差异极显著(P<0. 001).叶长和叶面积的极端差异来源主要是旱柳无性系内,树高、地径、叶宽的极端差异则主要来源于无性系间.表型变异主要来源于无性系间,无性系间的性状分化对旱柳种内性状分化的贡献率达80%以上,说明无性系间的性状分化是旱柳种内性状分化的主要原因. AFLP结果显示,旱柳观测位点的平均多态性比率高达99. 5% ,显示出极高的多态性;多样性指数结果显示,Nei’s遗传多样度(H)为0. 232 2,Shannon信息指数(I)为0. 374 6,表明55份种质在种水平上属于同一个种,与主成分分析及聚类结果一致.[结论]试验证明旱柳种内存在丰富的表型及分子遗传多样性,是优良的选择和杂交育种材料.

柳树是我国重要的阔叶树种和遗传资源.但柳树品种遗传资源日渐狭窄,而快速缓解目前柳树种质资源匿乏的有效方法是柳树资源创新,所以运用现代科学技术对优良基因资源进行系统收集、保存、复制、选育和开发利用研究,创造新种质,拓宽种质遗传基础,对于促进柳树遗传改良具有重要意义.本研究阐述了柳树种质资源材料创新的3种途径,常规杂交为主要应用方法.开展了以旱柳优良单株为亲本进行的杂交试验,采用离体培养法比较雄株的花粉活力,研究了旱柳种内杂交亲和性.结果表明:花粉离体萌发培养基是以10g/L琼脂+150g/L蔗糖+0.2g/L硼酸的萌发效果最好,3株优树花粉萌发率最高46.8％.本次杂交取得种子的有8个母本,7个父本,共16个组合,培育出杂种苗的有12个组合.得到组合较多的母本是博3,亲和性最好,与6个父本的组合都育有种子,利9没有得到种子.采用标准差选择法,选出22株超级苗,入选率为1.74％.对9个杂交组合的苗木生长性状进行了遗传变异分析,方差分析结果表明,苗高和地径在家系间都达0.01显著水平,多重对比显示D12-2明显优于其它无性系.明确了旱柳种质资源创新和利用存在的问题及今后的研究方向.

‘青山纽姿’刺槐（Robinia pseudoacacia ‘Qingshan Niuzi’）幼树主干弯曲;2～3年生侧枝弯曲;多年生树主干直立。整株枝条有弯曲特性,但不同于扭枝刺槐（Robinia pseudoacacia var. tortuosa）,具有特殊观赏价值。

世界范围内,柳树分类一直是公认的难题.到目前为止,关于柳树的分类系统,没有权威的定论,不同的国家和地区仅存在相对认可的柳树分类系统.笔者总结中国近50年的柳树研究现状,以柳树天然分布、杂交育种现状及跨地域引种驯化等方面为背景,浅谈柳树分类困难的原因,以供讨论.

‘鲁楸1号’为楸树无性系新品种.叶片呈阔卵形,叶面深绿,光滑无毛,树皮呈条状纵裂,嫩枝浅褐色.其干形较直,生长量大,适应性强,适宜培育高档木材和作景观绿化.

Objective This study examined the curriculum of the Biomedical English Program of Peking University Health Science Center and identified issues in its design,in an attempt to inform improvement efforts in this regard.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted to 92 undergraduates enrolled to this program between 2010 and 2012,where the students were required to rate the perceived importance of all the 93 courses in the program and give feedback on the current curriculum and curriculum system.Results Medical courses were perceived to be significantly less important than language courses [(3.76±0.20) vs (4.15±0.34),F=24.42,P＜0.001].The students suggested that issues existed in the current curriculum concerning scope,depth,transition and term distribution;that the ratios of compulsory and medical courses were too large;and that there was a lack of cohesion between medical and language courses.Conclusions It is necessary to adjust the curriculum by consolidating medical courses,increasing elective courses on the language side,fostering greater cohesion of medical science and language training,and creating online courses.

采用盆栽控制试验,对Cd、Cu不同处理水平下10个黑杨品系苗木的生长量进行了测定和对比.结果表明,重金属Cd和Cu对黑杨品系苗木生长量具有一定的影响,但影响程度受品系和处理水平的影响.土壤加入50 mg·kg-1和100 mg·kg-1 Cd对试验苗木高度、地径和生物量的没有抑制,Cd用量超过100mg·kg-1则不利于苗木的生长.土壤加入500 mg·kg-1的重金属Cu对黑杨苗木高生长量无抑制,Cu用量超过500mg·kg-1则降低苗木高生长量;Cu用量在500mg·kg-1至1000mg·kg-1时对黑杨苗木地径和生物量无抑制影响.不同黑杨品系在Cd和Cu处理后生长量差异显著,L-9、L-16和L-6杂交无性系在土壤污染后表现出明显的生长量优势,说明其对重金属Cd和Cu污染具有较强耐性.

<span id="ChDivSummary" name="ChDivSummary" class="abstract-text">目的:引入心理控制源和积极情绪两个中介变量,探索自尊对生命意义感的准预测机制。方法:选取北京某高校大学生223人,分2次进行施测。采用自尊量表（SES）,心理控制源行为量表（LCB）、正性负性情绪量表（PANAS）的积极情绪维度、生命意义感问卷（MLQ）的拥有意义感维度进行测量,用回归分析和结构方程模型检验积极情绪和心理控制源的双中介模型。结果:回归分析的结果表明,在将自尊作为自变量,生命意义感作为因变量的回归方程中放入积极情绪和心理控制源,两者对方程的贡献均有统计学意义（β=0.29、-0.39,均P&lt;0.001）;建立以自尊为自变量,以生命意义感为因变量,以积极情绪和心理控制源为中介变量的结构方程模型,方程各项指标拟合良好（RMSEA=0.060,χ²/df=1.81,CFI=0.98,GFI=0.94,NNFI=0.97）。结论:心理控制源和积极情绪的双中介模型成立,即自尊通过心理控制源和积极情绪来预测生命意义感。</span>

In this study,S.japonica was used as a paternal tree,and the effect of the flower shape and age of mother tree on the rate of artificial pollination and the fruit setting was investigated. The study found that it was the best period for artificial pollination when the ratio of long pistil flower was more than 50% in the flower drop. However, the rate of artificial pollination in the morning did not differ from that in the afternoon. Moreover, the budding flower with long pistil in the bottom of inflorescence was optimum for artificial pollination. The age of the mother tree has an effect on the artificial pollination, since the rate of pollination in 15-20 years old of mother tree was much higher than that of 30 years old. As the result, the rate of artificial pollination and fruit setting reached over 80% and 30% respectively under the above optimum conditions. This research provides theoretical foundation and technical support for artificial pollination of S.japonica.

Observation and experiments were performed on blossom phenophase, flower organ morphology, maturing rate of artificial cross-pollination, natural pollination, self-fertilization and parthenogenesis, ovary ovule number and empty embryo rate etc. to accurately grasp the biological characteristics of flowering, fructi-fication and sexual reproduction of Robinia pseudoacacia and R. neo-mexicana var. luxurians, which can lay a foundation for cross breeding. The results were as follows. The blossom phenophase of the two plants was from the end of April to early May in the middle and the southern region of Shandong Province. Early flowering sea-son of R. pseudoacacia lasted only 1 d, full-bloom stage sustained 2 d, and at the end of the flowering continued 2–3 d, while early flowering season of R. neo-mexicana var. luxurians lasted 2 d, full-bloom stage sustained 3 d, and at the end of the flowering was 4 d. The two species were dichogamous. The natural pollination rate of R. pseudoacacia was significantly different between individuals with the average maturing rate was 26.02%, whereas the natural pollination seed setting rate of R. neo-mexicana var. luxurians was extremely low with an average of only 0.11%, therefore it is only suitable for male parent. The manual cross-pollination seed setting rate of R. pseudoacacia intraspecific clones and interspecific acacias was only 1.7% and 0.21%, respectively. The maturing rate of self-fertilization and parthenogenesis in R. pseudoacacia are 1.8% and 0. There were 18 and 22 ovules on average in each pod of R. pseudoacacia and R. neo-mexicana var. luxurians, respectively. Empty embryo rate of each pod in R. pseudoacacia is very high, with an average of 53.94%, while the empty embryo rate of each pod in R. neo-mexicana var. luxurians is extremely high, with an average of 87.61%; The seeds of R. pseudoacacia and R. neo-mexicana var. luxurians needed 80–90 d and 70–80 d from fertilization of the ovule to maturation, respectively.

以刺槐属20个优良无性系和1个品种多花刺槐为亲本进行杂交,采用离体培养法比较雄株的花粉活力,并统计各杂交组合的结实率、亲和指数及种子形态等,研究了刺槐属品种自交、种间杂交、种内杂交亲和性及种子特性.结果表明:刺槐花粉活力种间多花刺槐大于普通刺槐,而刺槐不同无性系花粉萌发率近似,剌槐花粉活力在低温下至少能够保持5d;多花刺槐自交不亲和,种内自交不亲和或较小;刺槐种间具有较高的杂交亲和性,22个杂交组合中,鲁刺152×多花刺槐亲和指数最高为2.833,其次是兴刺1×鲁刺68,亲和指数为2.719,杂交组合鲁刺57×兴刺15,亲和指数为2.148.种子饱满度以自然结实的普遍好于杂交的,杂交组合与母本自由授粉之间的种子形态差异不明显,有的几乎没有差异.

Molecular markers are efficient tools for breeding and genetic studies. However, despite their ecological and economic importance, their development and application have long been hampered. In this study, we identified 524,170 simple sequence repeat (SSR), 267,636 intron length polymorphism (ILP), and 11,872 potential intron polymorphism (PIP) markers from 16 tree species based on recently available genome sequences. Larger motifs, including hexamers and heptamers, accounted for most of the seven different types of SSR loci. Within these loci, A/T bases comprised a significantly larger proportion of sequence than G/C. SSR and ILP markers exhibited an alternative distribution pattern. Most SSRs were monomorphic markers, and the proportions of polymorphic markers were positively correlated with genome size. By verifying with all 16 tree species, 54 SSR, 418 ILP, and four PIP universal markers were obtained, and their efficiency was examined by PCR. A combination of five SSR and six ILP markers were used for the phylogenetic analysis of 30 willow samples, revealing a positive correlation between genetic diversity and geographic distance. We also found that SSRs can be used as tools for duplication analysis. Our findings provide important foundations for the development of breeding and genetic studies in tree species.

In order to breed fine willow,willow germplasm resources at home and abroad are collected,stored,on the baG sis of investigation and research,from Shandong Province and 90 arbor willow plus trees.4 willow germplasm banks,with a toG tal area of 5.5 hm2 were established to preserve the germplasm resources collected by means of asexual propagation..Based on the fact that willow is sparsely scattered,the distribution characteristics of different ages,with the dominant comparative method,to determine the suitable selection method of Scattered trees,wood of different ages,making the growth standard seG lected for the tree height and DBH(diameter at breast height ),tree for Salix matsudana 80 strains,10 strains of ornamental willow.