语文课堂教学与课外阅读密不可分,教师在教学中可将课堂教学与课外阅读相融合,通过引导学生积累阅读的方法,在课中教学链接资料阅读、在课后拓展阅读及开展丰富的阅读活动,将课内阅读的方法延伸至课外,以激发学生的阅读兴趣,提高其阅读能力.

HomePlant DiseaseVol. 100, No. 6First Report of Leaf Spot caused by Alternaria alternata on Zanthoxylum dissitum in China PreviousNext DISEASE NOTES OPENOpen Access licenseFirst Report of Leaf Spot caused by Alternaria alternata on Zanthoxylum dissitum in ChinaP. Ning, P. Liang, X. Wang, S. Huang, Y. Huang, A. Shi, C. Chen, Q. Li, and T. HsiangP. Ning, P. Liang, X. Wang, S. Huang, Y. Huang, A. Shi, C. Chen, Q. Li, and T. HsiangAffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations P. Ning P. Liang X. Wang S. Huang Y. Huang A. Shi C. Chen , Department of Biotechnology, Guangxi Agricultural Vocational College, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, China Q. Li , Institute of Plant Protection, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, China, and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Crop Diseases and Insect Pests, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, China T. Hsiang , School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada. Published Online:7 Mar 2016https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-09-15-0989-PDNAboutSectionsSupplemental ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat Zanthoxylum dissitum Hemsley is a rare medicinal plant (family Rutaceae) native to the southern China provinces of Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, and Sichuan, where it grows well in mountainous regions. Its roots, stems, and leaves are commonly used as a Chinese herbal medicine. In November 2012, symptoms of leaf spot were found on Z. dissitum leaves in Long'an County, Guangxi. The disease was found both in nurseries and in fields in Long' an, and also in fields in Guangxi Province. The incidence was less than 10% and only a few leaves per plant were affected. Lesions were initially small, brown, and oval or circular and developed into dark spots sometimes with yellow halos. A fungus was consistently recovered from symptomatic leaf samples (85% isolation rate from 40 leaf pieces), that had been surface sterilized with 0.1% mercuric chloride solution for up to 30 s. On potato dextrose agar (PDA), the cultures initially developed white colonies and the centers turned gray or brown after 5 days of incubation at 25°C. Conidiophores were single or fasciculate, straight or curved, brown with regular septa, and 35 to 65 × 4 to 5.5 μm. Conidia were obclavate or ovate, brown, and 23 to 40 × 11 to 19 μm with three to five transverse and one to three longitudinal or oblique septa. Club-shaped conidia were produced in branching chains. The fungus was identified morphologically as Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissl, based on descriptions in Simmons (2007) and (Zhang 2003). Small pieces of symptomatic tissues (4 mm2) were plated on antibiotic-amended PDA, and grown at 25°C. Spores were obtained from cultures and streaked on fresh-water agar. Single-spore germinating cultures were transferred to fresh media. A single-spore isolate, Zhong1-1, was selected for molecular identification, and genomic DNA was extracted from mycelium, and PCR was performed on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region with primers ITS1 and ITS4. A 570-bp fragment was amplified and sequenced (GenBank Accession No. KT028771), and it showed 100% identity to Alternaria alternata (AY513941). Detached young, healthy leaves from 4-year-old, 1.5-m-high plants of Z. dissitum were inoculated with 5-mm-diameter mycelial plugs from PDA cultures that had been incubated for 7 days at 25°C. Control leaves were treated with agar plugs only. Leaves were placed in trays and covered with polythene film to maintain high humidity, and incubated at 25°C with a 12-h photoperiod in an artificial growth chamber. Five days after inoculation, typical brown spots were observed on all inoculated leaves, but no symptoms were seen on the control leaves. The pathogenicity tests were carried out twice. Koch's postulates were fulfilled by reisolation of A. alternata from diseased leaves. A. alternata is a worldwide plant pathogen, and has been reported on Z. piperitum and Z. bungeanum in Rutaceae (Yang et al. 2013; Liu et al. 2013). However, to our knowledge, this is the first report of A. alternata infecting Z. dissitum worldwide; with increasing plantation acreage of this plant, the disease may become more prominent.References:Liu, F., et al. 2013. Acta Phytopathol. Sin. 43:310. Google ScholarSimmons, E. G. 2007. Alternaria: An Identification Manual. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN. Google ScholarYang, W. X., et al. 2013. Plant Dis. 97:840. Abstract, ISI, Google ScholarZhang. T. Y. 2003. Flora Fungorum Sinicorum: Alternaria, Vol. 16. Science Press, Beijing. (in Chinese) Google ScholarThe research was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (31560526) and Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi, China (2013GXNSFBA019075).DetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 100, No. 6 June 2016SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 Metrics Article History Issue Date: 12 May 2016Published: 7 Mar 2016First Look: 8 Dec 2015Accepted: 24 Nov 2015 Page: 1233 Information© 2016 The American Phytopathological SocietyCited byTranscriptome analysis reveals the molecular mechanisms of response to an emergent yellow-flower disease in green Chinese prickly ash (Zanthoxylum schinifolium)23 September 2021 | Scientific Reports, Vol. 11, No. 1Discovery of Four Novel Viruses Associated with Flower Yellowing Disease of Green Sichuan Pepper (Zanthoxylum armatum) by Virome Analysis31 July 2019 | Viruses, Vol. 11, No. 8Environmental stresses in Himalayan medicinal plants: research needs and future priorities24 May 2019 | Biodiversity and Conservation, Vol. 28, No. 8-9

探讨如何利用四阶段教学法实施“波尔多液配制及质量检查”的技能培训项目.

【Objective】The present study was conducted to study the effects of different kinds and concentrations of plant growth retardants on hedge plants and their influence on ornamental quality, and to provide scientific basis for reasonable application of the plant growth retardants and reduction of conservation costs. 【Method】 The effects of foliar spray of paclobutrazol (PP333)(50,100,150,200,250,300 and 400 mg/kg) and chlorocholine chloride (CCC)(100,200,300,400, 500,600 and 800 mg/kg) on Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. and Carmona microphylla (Lam.) G. Don was investigated at seedling and fully developed stages. 【Result】The growth retardant CCC and PP333 significantly inhibited the growth of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L, especially at the concentration of 400-500 mg/kg CCC, without affecting the plant's uniformity and vitality. PP333 retarded the growth of Carmona microphylla, and the effects were found to be the best at the concentration of 400- 800 mg/kg PP333, without affecting the plant's uniformity. The CCC was not found to be suitable for Carmona microphylla plants and showed the worst effects. 【Conclusion】The results revealed that spraying CCC @ 400-500 mg/kg on Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. at developed stage and PP333 on Carmona microphylla twice inhibited the hedge growth without affecting the plant's general development and ornamental quality, and may reduce the frequent cutting operations and the maintenance cost.

为了解扶芳藤栽培过程中的病虫害发生情况,以有效控制病虫害危害,保证扶芳藤健康生长,于2007-2009年在广西南宁市对其病虫害进行了系统调查。结果表明,危害扶芳藤的病虫害共16种,其中害虫13种,软体动物1种,病害2种。危害最严重的是稠李巢娥,其次为八点广翅蜡蝉,其余均为轻发生或零星发生。扶芳藤病虫害发生情况属首次报道,并针对病虫害发生特点提出了防治建议。

电力供电系统或者说在电力供电电网上,过电压现象十分普遍。如果没有防范措施,随时都可能发生,也随时都可以发现。引起电网过电压的原因很多,主要可分为谐振过电压、操作过电压和雷电过电压。

信息产业部电子信息产品管理司于今年一季度组织了对数字集群移动通信系统市场需求的调研.本文以这次调研了解到的市场需求为依据,对发展我国数字集群移动通信系统的必要性作了陈述,提出了建议.