To study the jet formation and failure characteristics of penetrating concrete and rock targets of shaped charge with large barrier， the jet formation by using X‑ray cinematography and static armor‑piercing into concrete and rock targets were carried out. Meanwhile， the evolution process of detonation wave， the rod jet formation of shaped charge with large barrier and penetration process of concrete and rock targets are simulated by ANSYS/AUTODYN software. Combined with the experimental results， the penetration damage characteristics of the shaped charge rod jet to concrete and rock targets were analyzed. Results show that the Lee‑Tarver equation of state can accurately describe the propagation process of the internal detonation wave， and the maximum error of forming jet parameters （projectile length， jet length， jet head velocity and jet diameter） is 12.8% compared with the test. The continuous rod‑like jet with large aspect ratio can be formed after detonation of the shaped charge with large barrier. There are obvious craters in the penetrated concrete and rock targets， and the jet has no obvious reaming effect during the penetrating concrete process. The penetration depth and hole diameter of the penetrated concrete target are 46.7% and 48.1% larger than those of rock target in the test. However， the surface of the rock target is seriously damaged and the crater area is larger. Compared with the concrete target， cracks in rock target are continuously generated and developed significantly in the process of jet penetrating and the length and width of cracks formed are larger than those of concrete targets. The damage range around the rock target penetration channel is larger， and the internal damage of the target is serious.

In order to investigate the aroma style characteristics of flue-cured tobacco in China,the type and intensity of aroma notes of tobacco samples collected from typical tobacco growing areas were evaluated and analyzed. The results showed that flue-cured tobacco in China presented eight categories of aroma style characteristics, namely, 1) Yunnan and Sichuan tobacco was characterized by hay-like scent, outstanding fresh-sweetness scent and distinct green scent. 2) Guizhou tobacco was characterized by hay-like scent and outstanding honeysweet scent. 3) Chongqing, Shaanxi, Hubei and Sangzhi (in Hunan) tobacco was characterized by hay-like scent and outstanding alcohol sweetness scent. 4)Henan tobacco was characterized by hay-like,burnt and baked scents,outstanding burnt-sweetness scent and perceivable resin scent. 5) Guiyang and Jianghua (in Hunan),Guangdong,Jiangxi and Anhui tobacco was characterized by hay-like,burnt and baked scents,outstanding burnt-sweetness scent and distinct alcohol sweetness scent. 6) Fujian tobacco was characterized by hay-like scent,outstanding fresh-sweetness scent,distinct honeysweet scent and perceivable flower scent. 7) Shandong tobacco was characterized by hay-like scent and outstanding burnt scent. 8) Heilongjiang and Inner Mongolia tobacco was characterized by hay-like scent and outstanding woody scent.

It is very important for a model to choose suitable factors among the PCA variables available from near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). The subset of PCA factors is often selected based on PCA contribution rates. In this work, the genetic algorithm was applied to choose PCA factors from NIR parameters, then the support vector regress method was used to construct a model to predict the starch contents with data set of 187 tobacco samples. The correlation coefficient of square (R2) are 0.91 and 0.9 for training set and independent test set respectively. Therefore, the GA-SVR is a useful tool to develop the quantitative model for NIR parameters based on choosing PCA factors using genetic algorithm.

In order to evaluate the sensory quality and style characteristics of flue-cured tobacco leaves,a method consisting of evaluation items,scoring rubrics,sample preparation,evaluation requirement,evaluation procedure and result expression was developed by referring to known tobacco sensory evaluation methods at home and abroad.The samples of flue-cured tobacco leaves collected from some typical ecological zones at home and abroad were evaluated with the developed method.The results showed that the developed method could comprehensively and exactly describe the sensory quality and style of leaves from different ecological zones.The evaluation results provide a technical basis for the development of characteristic and quality tobacco leaves,the design and maintenance of cigarette products among others.

In order to investigate the aroma characteristics of flue-cured tobacco leaves of different flavor styles, the aroma characters and intensity of flue-cured tobacco leaf samples of robust, fresh and medium flavor styles collected from typical ecological zones at home and abroad were evaluated and analyzed. The results showed that on the basis of natural tobacco aroma(hay-like scent), burnt-sweetness, woody, burnt and spicy scents were the main aroma characteristics of robust flavor style flue-cured tobacco, particularly burnt-sweetness; on the basis of natural tobacco aroma(hay-like scent), fresh-sweetness, green, woody and spicy scents were the main aroma characteristics of fresh flavor style flue-cured tobacco, particularly fresh-sweetness; on the basis of natural tobacco aroma(hay-like scent), pure-sweetness, woody and spicy scents were the main aroma characteristics of medium flavor style flue-cured tobacco, particularly pure-sweetness.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of TCM nursing intervention measures in patients with facial neuritis.Methods: 80 cases of patients with facial neuritis were randomly divided into treatment and control groups.40 patients in con trol group were given routine nursing and the 40 patients in treatment group were given routine nursing as well as TCM nurs ing intervention measures.The efficacy of the two groups was observed.Results: The total effective rate was 87.5% and 68.5% respectively in treatment and control groups,the clinical effect in treatment group was obviously higher than in the control group(P0.05);after treatment,the depression score in treatment group were lower than that of control group,with significant difference(P0.05).Conclusion: TCM nursing intervention measures can effectively improve the clinical treatment ef fect in patients with facial neuritis,and improve the depression.

The influence of ambient temperature on appearance of cigarette during storing was investigated by sampling cigarettes stored in 6 cities,it was found that the color of cigarette surface turned obviously starting from 15 ℃.The linear regression models of whiteness and thermal-time for 42 samples were developed,and there existed a pretty good linear relationship between whiteness and thermal-time,the whiteness decreased with the increase of thermal-time.The regressive relationships of sample S1 stored in 6 cities showed that the speed of color variation differed between cities of different weather conditions.

Taking cigarettes of 7 brands stored in 6 cities as samples,the influences of ambient temperature on the sensory quality of stored cigarettes were investigated.The results showed that: 1) Sensory quality of the samples changed slightly in 6 months.The sensory quality change became obvious when the samples had been stored for longer than 7 quarters in Guangzhou;however,the sensory quality of samples stored in Lanzhou and Changchun for 2 years changed slightly.The sensory quality of samples changed faster in southern areas than in northern areas;so did in higher storing temperature than in lower temperature.2) The results of variance analysis showed that the changes of sensory quality of cigarette samples stored in different cities for different periods all reached extremely significantly levels.

In order to test the applicability of support vector regression (SVR) in near-infrared (NIR) spectral analysis of tobacco,NIR calibration model for starch in tobacco were developed by processing NIR spectra and chemically determined starch content data of 187 tobacco samples with SVR,partial least square regression (PLS),multiplicative linear regression (MLR) and error back propagation artificial neural network (BP-ANN). The obtained model was tested through internal validation and external validation with leave-one-out cross validation (LOOCV) and independent sample set. The results showed that the accuracy of SVR model was slightly higher than that of BP-ANN,PLS and MLR models,it implied that SVR algorithm could be applied to NIR analysis of starch in tobacco.

In order to investigate the effect of moisture content in cigarette smoke on sensory coziness,glycerol was added to cut tobacco to regulate smoke moisture content,the sensory quality of experimental samples was evaluated,the relation between sensory coziness and moisture content in smoke was analyzed by pattern recognition.The results showed that:1) sensory coziness was greatly affected by moisture content in smoke,the appropriate moisture content ranged from 3.77% to 4.58%,and the corresponding glycerol addition rate was from 0.50% to 2.00%;2) the moisture content in cigarette smoke could be regulated by adding glycerol,while sensory coziness would be negatively affected when glycerol addition rate was over 3.00%.Therefore,controlling moisture content in smoke in cigarette design can improve sensory quality,and glycerol is an additive that can increase moisture content in smoke.

In view of the absence of a generally accepted and effective method for evaluating the effect of single flavor on cigarette,a method involving sensory tester,circumstance requirement of sensory test,preparation of flavored sample,sensory test and data analysis was developed by referring to the common practices adopted in China and abroad and combining with the development status of Chinese style cigarette.The effects of 100 kinds of single flavor on reference cigarettes were evaluated and a large number of data were obtained.The results showed that this research provided an evaluating method generally applied to the tobacco industry and the establishment of a reference cigarette system composed of standard and regional reference cigarettes was essential to the good versatility of the evaluating results.

By using a numerical simulation method,studied were the features of a gas-liquid two phase flow field in a same kind of agitation reactor with four types of different oxidation spray gun structures.With a Euler-Euler dual fluid model a flow field was analyzed by adopting RNG k-e two-equation turbulent flow model.A mortar agitation zone was processed by using a multiple reference system method.As a result,the air content in the flow field of different oxidation spray gun structures was obtained.It has been found that 90 degree tube-bend finned structure can be used to attain a better agitation effectiveness,a more rational velocity field,a more ideal air bubble trajectory and a higher air content on a typical surface.

Various studies proved that the smoking quality of cigarettes are not merely decided by one or several kinds of chemical components, the aroma and flavor perceptions of a cigarette are the combined results from multi-components of cigarette smoke. Methods of data processing such as chromatograms subtraction, pattern recognition based on principal components analysis (PCA), factor analysis and cluster analysis had been applied for the cigarette smoke evaluation. However the fingerprint total abnormal index (TAI) method hasn't been reported in this field. In this paper, The TAI method combined with high resolution capillary gas chromatographic analysis of cigarette smoke was used to analyze the cigarette smoke. The TAI represents the difference between two cigarette smoke fingerprint chromatograms, includes abnormal index of common, absent and excess chromatographic peaks. Finally, the TAI was successfully employed in the processing of GC data for cigarette smoke and the examples were given. The chromatograms of twelve brands cigarettes including Virginia-type, British flue-curing type and American blended-type were collected and the TAI of every chromatogram was calculated with a Virginia-type cigarette as standard. The TAI method was compared with PCA and chromatograms subtraction methods, the results indicated that the TAI provides more useful information of the complicated GC data.

Because of the influence of network structure,climate and introducation of compensating equipment,the single-phase earthing line selection of system with ungrounded neutral became more complicated.In this paper,the grounded zero sequence current is to be constant through first-harmonic current injection with earthing transformer or auxiliary winding of arc suppression coil.Through first-harmonic current injection,the criterion of zero sequence overcurrent becomes effective to solve the difficult problem of the low correctness of earthing line selection.

有效处理全局信息及较好适应环境变化,是物流信息系统发挥作用的关键因素.但目前物流信息系统这两方面的能力都明显不足.为此,文章提出了一种基于移动Agent环境的物流信息系统模型,并分析了主要部分的功能及工作流程.该模型有效地提高了系统对全局信息的处理能力,增强了系统对环境的适应能力及可重构性.

This article discusses the selection method of raw material of high PVC latex coatings, analyzes the in- fluence of every component on the coatings, and gives the method to improve LCPVC in compositions.

介绍了湿式石灰石-石膏烟气脱硫工艺中的关键设备-水平真空皮带过滤设备,对其结构、功能、技术参数进行了详细阐述,并展望了该设备国产化的市场前景.