The corrosion resistance of aluminum–graphene and aluminum–graphite composites in a 3% aqueous solution of sodium chloride at room temperature is investigated. The formation of uniformly distributed graphene films and graphite crystals in an aluminum matrix without aluminum carbide formation is confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. The corrosion rate of both composites, which increases with the carbon content in them, is higher than that of the initial aluminum. The corrosion resistance class of aluminum is 3 (resistant) and that of aluminum composites is 4 (quite resistant) in a sodium chloride solution. The corrosion rates of the aluminum–graphite composite are about three times higher than those of the aluminum–graphene composite at the same carbon content.

The complex oxide Ba2InAlO5 was obtained by the solid-phase method. Its thermal and transport properties were studied for the first time while varying the temperature and composition of the gas phase (partial pressure of water and oxygen vapors). The possibility of dissociative incorporation of water in the structure of the complex oxide, leading to the formation of proton defects and proton transfer in the medium temperature range (500–700°C), was established. The conductivity was differentiated into components. It was proved that the total electric conductivity of the phase in dried air is mainly of hole type with a small contribution of oxygen-ion transport. In a humid atmosphere, the contribution and magnitude of ion conductivity increase due to the appearance of proton transfer.

The pyrochlore Gd1.55Li0.45Zr2O6.55 was prepared by the solution and solid-state methods. The introduction of lithium in the Gd-sublattice led to decrease in the lattice parameter a = 10.4830(8) Å in comparison with Gd2Zr2O7 (a =10.5346(2) Å). Monitoring of the lithium content in the sample during heat treatments showed a loss of lithium at temperatures above 1100 °C, so, to maintain the stoichiometry of lithium the low temperature sintering methods are required. The sample Gd1.55Li0.45Zr2O6.55 exhibited a predominant oxygen-ion transport over a wide range of temperatures. Although doping did not lead to an increase in the oxygen-ion conductivity compared to Gd2Zr2O7, it caused the suppression of the hole conductivity.

Equilibrium potentials of antimony in the KCl–PbCl2–SbCl3 melt are measured by the EMF method as a function of the temperature and the content of antinomy chloride. Empirical equations of isotherms and polytherms of equilibrium potentials of antimony are obtained. The arbitrary standard potentials of antimony in the molten mixture of potassium and lead chlorides are calculated. The changes in the Gibbs energy at the formation of antimony trichloride from elements in the melt under study are calculated. The separation factors of metals from alloys are assessed. These results suggest that the processes of separation of lead and antimony in chloride melts hold much promise.

Glasses in xV(2)O(5)-(100-x)P2O5 system within x range from 35 to 95 mol% are obtained by a melt-quenching method and characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, atomic emission spectroscopy and red-ox titration. The dependences of density and molar volume of glasses on V2O5 concentration are linear up to 90 mol% of vanadium oxide and can be expressed via formulas: rho = 2.64 + 0.36.xV(2)O(5) g cm(-1) and V-mol/ = 54.17 + 6.36.xV(2)O(5) cm(3) mol(-)(1). The electronic conductivity of glasses is measured by both impedance spectroscopy and direct current methods. The glass composition of 95V(2)O(5)center dot 5P(2)O(5) shows the highest electrical conductivity value of similar to 1.0 x 10(-4) S cm(-1) at 50 degrees C. The concentration dependence of the conductivity is described at a qualitative level with non-constant force field molecular dynamics.

The study covers the process of obtaining the Al–B master alloy by the KBF4and B2O3aluminothermic reduction using KF–AlF3and KF–NaF–AlF3fluoride fluxes at 983 and 1123 К, respectively, and KCl–NaCl–KF chloride-fluoride fluxes at Т= 1173÷1223 К. All experiments were carried out under the same conditions: molten mixture stirring rate was 400 rpm, synthesis duration was 30min. The maximum amount of boron (1,5 %) in the Al–B alloy was obtained when using KBF4(3 % per B) as a boron-containing raw material in the KF–AlF3medium with a molar (cryolite) ratio (CR) of KF/AlF3equal to 1,3, atТ= 983 К, while boron recovery ratio did not exceed 75 %. Comparable results were obtained in experiments with KF–NaF–AlF3f lux (CR = 1,5) at Т= 1123 К. However, with the increased concentration of fed boron its recovery ratio decreased substantially. It is connected with the higher decomposition temperature of not only KBF4, but also less thermally stable NaBF4 formed as a result of exchange reaction in the melt. Therefore it is not recommended to use sodium salts as a f lux component. The Al–B master alloys obtained by KBF4reduction in fluoride fluxes were solid solutions of B in Al containing the AlB2intermetallic compound. The lowest amount of boron in aluminum with the minimum degree of extraction was obtained in experiments with the B2O3in molten KF–AlF3with CR = 1,5. Nevertheless, the results of scanning electron microscopy indicate a uniform distribution of B over the Al matrix and the absence of intermetallic compounds, while a large amount of Al2O3was found, which is the product of B2O3reactions with both liquid Al and KF–AlF3flux.

The effect of temperature in the range from 350 to 650°С on the morphology of L63 brass (37 wt % Zn) during selective anodic dissolution in the eutectic salt melt of lithium, cesium and potassium chlorides is studied. Anodic polarization is accompanied by a change in the state of electrode surface due to the passage of the electronegative alloy component (zinc) into a corrosive medium and to the vacancy-induced rearrangement of the electropositive component (copper). Microscopy, gravimetry, chemical analysis, and hydrostatic weighing are used to estimate the laws of formation of a developed anode surface under galvanostatic conditions of the electrochemical dissolution of the bimetallic alloy. An increase in the temperature leads to a decrease in the selectivity of alloy dissolution, the porosity, and the developed surface of the materials.

The reaction of methyl- and phenylphosphonic dichlorides with phenols in the presence of anhydrous magnesium chloride as catalyst or magnesium metal as precatalyst provides a simple, efficient, and practical method of synthesis of the corresponding aryl methyl- and phenylphosphonochloridates.

The main features of scandium and zirconium extraction from their oxides to aluminum during the aluminothermic and electrolytic preparation of Al–Sc and Al–Zr alloys and master alloys in the KF–AlF 3 , NaF–AlF 3 , and KF–NaF–AlF 3 oxide–fluoride melts with Sc 2 O 3 and ZrO 2 additives are studied. The influence of the melt composition and temperature, the synthesis time, the contents of oxides Sc 2 O 3 and ZrO 2 in the melts, the mechanical stirring of aluminum, and the cathodic current density on the contents of scandium and zirconium in aluminum and on their extraction from the oxides is determined. The average values of scandium and zirconium extraction are 20–75 and 40–100%, respectively, depending on the synthesis parameters. The electrolytic decomposition of the oxides in the KF–AlF 3 , NaF–AlF 3 , and KF–NaF–AlF 3 melts results in the enhancement of scandium and zirconium extraction to aluminum. The parameters of the preparation of Al–Sc and Al–Zr alloys and master alloys with the scandium content to 10 wt % and zirconium content to 15 wt % during the electrolysis of oxide–fluoride melts are chosen as a result of the results obtained.

Взаимодействие метил- и фенилдихлорфосфонатов с фенолами в присутствии безводного хлористого магния (катализатор) или металлического магния (прокатализатор) представляет собой простой, эффективный и технологичный метод синтеза соответствующих О-арилалкил(арил)хлорфосфонатов.

The equilibrium potentials of Bi in a KCl–PbCl 2 –BiCl 3 melt were measured by the EMF method at different temperatures and bismuth chloride contents. Empirical equations of isotherms and polytherms of the equilibrium potentials of bismuth were obtained. The conventional standard potentials of Bi in a molten mixture of potassium and lead chlorides were calculated. The changes in the Gibbs energy during the formation of bismuth trichloride from the elements in the melt were calculated. The coefficients of metal separation from alloys were estimated. The results indicate that it is promising to develop a technology for electrolytic processing of secondary raw materials for separating lead and bismuth in chloride melts.

The mechanism of formation of ceramic microparticles (alumina) and graphene in a molten aluminum matrix is studied as a function of the morphology and type of precursor particles, the temperature, and the gas atmosphere. The influence of the composition of an aluminum composite material (as a function of the concentration and size of reinforcing particles) on its mechanical and corrosion properties, melting temperature, and thermal conductivity is investigated. Hybrid metallic Al–Al 2 O 3 –graphene composite materials with up to 10 wt % alumina microparticles and 0.2 wt % graphene films, which are uniformly distributed over the metal volume and are fully wetted with aluminum, are synthesized during the chemical interaction of a salt solution containing yttria and boron carbide with molten aluminum in air. Simultaneous introduction of alumina and graphene into an aluminum matrix makes it possible to produce hybrid metallic composite materials having a unique combination of the following properties: their thermal conductivity is higher than that of aluminum, their hardness and strength are increased by two times, their relative elongation during tension is increased threefold, and their corrosion resistance is higher than that of initial aluminum by a factor of 2.5–4. We are the first to synthesize an in situ hybrid Al–Al 2 O 3 –graphene composite material having a unique combination of some characteristics. This material can be recommended as a promising material for a wide circle of electrical applications, including ultrathin wires, and as a structural material for the aerospace industry, the car industry, and the shipbuilding industry.