In the spectral domain optical coherence tomography system, the linear-wavenumber spectrometer can not only reduce the interpolation error of the image and improve the image quality, but also improve the imaging speed and sensitivity of the system. Therefore, in view of the shortcomings of the existing grism spectroscopic optical system, a method combining grism structure spectroscopy and object image aberration compensation is proposed in this paper. By introducing distortion and vertical axis chromatic aberration, extremely high wavenumber linearity is achieved. A linear-wavenumber spectrometer with a working band of 750-950 nm, a spectral resolution of 0.1 nm, and a length of the system is about 148 mm is designed. The design results show that the wavenumber linearity of the spectrometer reaches 0.0056, which is about 11 times that before aberration compensation. Simulation analysis results show that the spectroscopic system can significantly improve the sensitivity of the optical coherence tomography system. Compared with the uncompensated system, the sensitivity of the compensated system at an optical path difference of 3.5 mm is increased by 7.8 dB.

The immersion grating is one of the key components of the imaging spectrometer due to its high spectral resolution. The silicon immersion grating is conducive to the miniaturization and weight reduction of related satellite-borne instruments to reduce the launch cost of satellite payloads. This paper introduces the application of silicon immersion grating at home and abroad, its working principle and manufacturing methods. The symmetrical trapezoidal groove silicon immersion gratings with groove density of 200 lp/mm and 400 lp/mm were designed. The grating diffraction efficiency and polarization were analyzed by finite element analysis. The photoresist mask was fabricated by UV exposure and holographic exposure, and then the uniform arrays of V-shaped grating on a 2-inch Si substrate were achieved by reactive ion etching and wet etching. The measured results of groove parameters met the design requirements.

To obtain the fine characteristics of the atmospheric carbon dioxide absorption spectrum, the imaging spectrometer must have high spectral resolution, but the volume of the instrument will increase simultaneously which is not conducive to remote sensing detection on satellite platforms. To solve this problem, we used a silicon immersion grating as dispersion element that diffraction occurs inside the silicon grating medium, the dispersion and spectral resolution are increased by 3.4 times respect to the conventional grating, and the volume of the spectrometer can be reduced to 1/40 at most. Smile is introduced because of the dispersion difference of light between the non-principal section and the principal section, which affects the spectral fidelity, data retrieval and detection accuracy. We established a model to analyze the smile by the silicon immersion grating and used the distortion of off-axis lens to correct. To miniaturize the instrument, optical system adopted the Littrow structure that the dimension is 410 mm×130 mm×110 mm. The optical system works in the short-wave infrared carbon dioxide weak absorption band 1.594-1.624 μm with a spectral resolution of 0.08 nm, entrance slit length is 16 mm and F number is 2. The optimized MTF is greater than 0.87 at the Nyquist frequency of the detector, the RMS radius of the spot diagram is within the Airy disk, and the maximum smile is less than 0.1 m, which is less than 1% of a single detector pixel. The optical system has excellent imaging performance, meeting the requirements of atmospheric carbon dioxide detection.

Aim: To investigate the effects of puerarin (Pue), an isoflavone derived from Kudzu roots, on angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes in vivo and in vitro . Methods: C57BL/6J mice were infused with Ang II and treated with Pue (100 mg·kg −1 ·d −1 , po ) for 15 d. After the treatment, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and left ventricular wall thickness were assessed. The ratios of heart weight to body weight (HW/BW) and left ventricular weight to body weight (LVW/BW) were determined, and heart morphometry was assessed. Expression of fetal-type genes (ANP, BNP and β-MHC) in left ventricles was measured using semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Mouse primary cardiomyocytes were treated with Pue (50, 100, 200 μmol/L), then exposed to Ang II (1 μmol/L). ROS level was examined with flow cytometry, the binding activity of NF-κB was determined using EMSA. Western blot was used to measure the levels of ERK1/2, p38 and NF-κB pathway proteins. [ 3 H]leucine incorporation was used to measure the rate of protein synthesis. Results: Oral administration of Pue significantly suppressed Ang II-induced increases in the myocyte surface area, HW/BW, LVW/BW, SBP and left ventricular wall thickness. Furthermore, Pue significantly suppressed Ang II-induced increases in ANP, BNP and β-MHC expression in the left ventricles in vivo . Treatment of cardiomyocytes with Pue (50–500 μmol/L) did not affect the viability of cardiomyocytes in vitro . Pretreatment of cardiomyocytes with Pue dose-dependently inhibited Ang II-induced increases in ROS production, NF-κB binding activity, protein synthesis and cell breadth. Furthermore, pretreatment with Pue significantly suppressed Ang II-induced activation of ERK1/2, p38 and the NF-κB pathway proteins and the expression of ANP and β-MHC in cardiomyocytes. The positive drug valsartan exerted similar effects on Ang II-induced cardiac hypertrophy in vivo and in vitro . Conclusion: Pue attenuates Ang II-induced cardiac hypertrophy by inhibiting activation of the redox-sensitive ERK1/2, p38 and the NF-κB pathways.

Objective:To discuss the effect of percutaneous kyphoplasty ( PKP) used in the treatment of osteoporotic multiple vertebral compression fractures in elderly patients .Method s:From 2010 December to 2013 August, retrospective analysis of 32 patients with OVCF who were treated by PKP (102 vertebraes )clinical datas were carried out , male 5 cases,female 27 cases, age range 62-83 years, aver-age 72.6 years old, including 74 fresh fracture vertebras, 28 old fracture vertebras.6 cases of 2 vertebras,21 cases of 3vertebras , 5 cases of 4 vertebras above .All the patients underwent lumbar and thoracic spine anteroposterior and lateral X -ray, CT and MRI scanning be-fore surgery.The group take bilateral puncture 83 vertebras, take unilateral puncture 19 vertebras.ALL patients were carried out with a visual analog pain scores ( VAS) , vertebral kyphosis angle (Cobb angle ) , vertebral sagittal index ( SI)measurements before and after sur -gery.We use SPSS13.0 statistical software to analysis .Results:The group surgery was smoothly, without the occurrence of spinal cord and nerve injury and other complications of surgery , patients feel the waist and back pain significant relief or relieved after surgery , and get ambulation under the protection of orthosis .From 24 to 48h after surgery, compared with the preoperative VAS score , SI index and Cobb angle showed significant difference (P<0.01).The patients were followed up for 4-36 months, average 24 months.5 cases of patients symptom recurrenced during follow -up, Review X-ray showed the Cobb angle had slightly lost , SI index of vertebras with PKP did not change, MRI showed a new fracture , 3 patients of them symptoms relieved after conservative treatment , 2 patients of them take up surgery again, symptoms disappeared after surgery .Conclusion:Percutaneous kyphoplasty can relieve the pain exactly , restore vertebral shape and height in a certain extent .So, percutaneous kyphoplastyis a effective and safe method for the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compres -sion fractures in elderly patients .

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of desmopressin in reducing blood loss following total hip arthroplasty (THA) .Methods From September 2007 to June 2009, 62 patients (28 males and 34 females) underwent THA.They were randomly divided into 2 even groups.Group A (desmopressin group) received intravenous administration of desmopressin(0.3 μg/kg diluted in 100 mL normal saline) at 30 minutes preoperatively and in 2 consecutive days postoperatively.Instead Group B (control group) received intravenous administration of normal saline of the same volume and in the same manner.The amounts of calculated total blood loss, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative wound blood loss and blood transfusion were recorded.The hemoglobin concentration (Hb) , hematocrit (Hot), platelet (Plt),fibrinogen (Fib), prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) were also examined one day before and one day after operation for comparison.The patients were examined for occurrence of deep vein thrombosis(DVT) by Color Doppler Flow Imaging.Results The intraoperative blood loss was 375 ±43 mL in Group A and 392 ± 55 mL in Group B, without significant difference between the 2 groups ( P ＞0.05 ).The postoperative drainage volume was 276 ± 49 mL in Group A and 294 ± 52 mL in Group B with no significant difference either ( P ＞ 0.05).The total blood loss was 920 ±80 mL in Group A and 1150 ±99 mL in Group B, with a significant difference between the 2 groups ( P ＜ 0.05) .There were also significant differences between the 2 groups in average amount of blood transfusion, patients needing blood transfusion and postoperative Hb, Hct, Plt levels and APTT( P ＜ 0.05).No DVP event was found 14 days postoperation in either group.Conclusion During and following THA, a short-term use of desmopressin can significantly decrease blood loss and transfusion required.

BACKGROUND: Most studies regarding peripheral nerve injury repair focus on repair mechanisms rather than selection of repair times. OBJECTIVE: To observe the different time points on peripheral nerve injury repair and to select an optimal time. METHODS: White rabbits were prepared for peripheral nerve injury models and randomly divided into 4 groups. In the immediate restoration group, the injured nerves were repaired immediately. In the other groups, the broken ends were fixed on sarcolemma and the sciatic nerve was repaired at 2, 4 weeks and 3 months after injury. The motor nerve conduction velocity, pathological observation, and structure of transplanted nerve segment were observed at 3 months after operation. The number of axon was also counted. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with 4-week and 3-month restoration groups, the motor nerve conduction velocity of the 2-week restoration group was obviously faster (P < 0.01), but the difference was significant compared with the immediate restoration group (P > 0.05). The histomorphology and structure of the 2-week restoration group were better than those of the 4-week and 3-month restoration groups. In addition, the number of axon in the 2-week restoration group was greater than those of the 4-week and 3-month restoration groups (P < 0.01). All results demonstrated that the outcome of 2-week restoration is superior to other time points, which is an optimal time for peripheral nerve injury.

Objective To investigate the effect of arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) reconstruction with stump retention.Methods 37 cases of ACL injuries were teated with autologous semitendinosus tendon and gracilis tendon reconstruction under arthroscopy.The femoral side was fixed using Rigifix and the tibial side was fixed Transfix.ACL tibial stumps were all the reserved,and femoral stumps were reserved anteriorly and excised posteriorly.Results 37 cases were followed up for 12~28(15.7±3.7) months.The vertical stability of the knee was restored;Lysholm score: Preoperative 47~64(53.2±6.0) points,the end of second follow-up of 90~98(94.7±3.4)points,raising 41.5±2.6 points(P0.01).Preoperative Lachman test was(+) 37 cases,while postoperative Lachman was(-) 33 cases,weak(+) in 4 cases.Preoperative anterior drawer test was(+) in 23 cases,postoperative anterior drawer test was(-) in 34 cases,weak(+) in 3 cases;surgery front axle shift test was(+) in 25 cases,postoperative pivot shift test(-) 37 cases;IKDC assessment: preoperative was C in 19 cases,D in 18 cases,which was restored to A in 30 cases,B in 7 cases.Conclusions Retaining of ACL stump is benificial to the positioning of tendon graft;ACL fixed on the rear to avoid ACL inpingment with femoral intercondylar fossa;ACL stump can close the tunnel to avoid the synovial fluid of the tunnel and the tendon graft erosion potential lacuna.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the medium-term results of uncemented acetabular revision with impacted deep frozen morselized allografts.METHODS:From April 1995 to December 2001, 58 cases (62 hips) were performed acetabular revision by use of deep frozen morselized allograft firmly impacted into localized defects as well as the entire acetabular cavity, followed by insertion of a uncemented cup with supplementary screw fixation. There were 32 males (34 hips) and 26 females (28 hips), with age of (49.6 +/- 15.4) years old. Among 62 hips, 32 hips involved in left side and 30 hips involved in right side. The cause of revision was aseptic loosening of the cup in 56 hips, septic loosening of the cup in 3 hips, and polyethylene liner dislodging with severe acetabular osteolysis in 3 hips. The average interval between the primary total hip arthroplasty and the revision was (10.1 +/- 3.9) years. According to the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons classification, 42 hips belonged to type II and 20 hips to type III acetabular defects. The clinical and radiographic results were analyzed postoperatively.RESULTS:All wounds healed by first intention. No deep venous thrombosis and infection occurred postoperatively. All patients were followed up 6-13 years (average 8.1 years). The Harris score was improved from 61.1 +/- 10.2 preoperatively to 92.0 +/- 7.3 postoperatively, showing significant difference between preoperation and postoperation (P < 0.05). The results were excellent in 46 hips, good in 10 hips, fair in 4 hips, and poor in 2 hips, the excellent and good rate was 90.3%. The time for allograft incorporation was (12.5 +/- 4.4) months after operation. The annual polyethylene liner wear rate was (0.13 +/- 0.09) mm. Linear and cavitary osteolysis was observed in 2 and 12 hips, respectively. Heterotopic ossification developed in 7 hips (11.3%); 3 hips were rated as grade I, 3 as grade II, and 1 as grade III according to Brooker classification. One cup underwent revision for aseptic loosening and 2 were defined as radiographic failures. Kaplan-Meier survival rate of the cup was 94.2% +/- 3.3% at 8 years after operation.CONCLUSION:The combination of uncemented cup component with deep frozen morselized allografts seems to be a reliable solution for restoring bone stock, relocating the hip center, and stabilizing the cup in acetabular revision, and provides favorable medium-term clinical and radiographic results.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiographic results of cementless acetabular revision with deep frozen morsellised allografts. Sixty-one patients (65 hips) underwent acetabular revision using cementless components and deep frozen morsellised allografts. Fifty-seven hips (53 patients) were reviewed at a mean of 105.1 months (range 72–180 months) after revision. The study group included 29 males and 24 females with a mean age of 46.4 years. One cup underwent further revision for aseptic loosening and two were defined as radiographic failures. The mean time for allograft incorporation was 12.5 months (range 6–24 months) after index surgery. The mean Harris hip score of the patients improved from 61.1 points preoperatively to 91.6 points postoperatively. Linear and cavitary osteolysis was observed in two and 12 hips, respectively. The acetabular revision using cementless components with deep frozen morsellized allografts provides favourable clinical and radiographic results, although the initial disease and age may adversely affect the outcomes.

Objective To study allogenic tendon transplantation to reconstruct interarticular ligament by dual beam ligament scilicet for anteromedial beam (AM) and posterolateral beam (PL) to re-establish anterior cruciate ligament(ACL), to achieve the condition that can restore or re-establish the ligament with the power of vitodynamics articular genu curvature movement is equilibrate and when the joint is convolution it can stabilize it. Methods 67 cases were undergone ACL reconstruction using allogenic tendon. Through elliptic tunnel on the side of condyles of femur, using transversalis nail fix method that Arthrax company provided, and through double tunnel tibia to reconstruct ACL for AM and PL with crushing nail. Results 67 cases were followed-up for 12～36(18.4±3.8) months. Before operation Lysholm score was 34.47±1.5, after operation 3 months it was 78.35±3.4, 6 months it was 81.88±3.3, 12 months it was 87.76±2.1, 18 months it was 89.70±3.5. These cases that have arthrodial cartilage injury influence the Lysholm score of after operation. Conclusions Allogenic tendon can achieve the requirement of ligament recipient site, dual beam ACL re-establish consistent with 4 connecting rod curvature biologic motor pattern of ligament of knee joint, gyratus stability is good. Operative procedure is simple, and effect is good.

BACKGROUND: The success of obtaining seeding endothelial cell on artificial vascular graft by the mechanical method of scoraping autogenous vein provides guidance for vascular prothesis. However, the insufficient of vein leads to endothelial cell was in poor quantity and quality. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the endothelialization of luminal surface of allogenic vein after using bone marrow seeded vascular graft in venous vascular injury. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The randomized control experiment on animals was performed in the Animal Experiment Center of Harbin Medical University between March 2007 and April 2008. MATERIALS: Eight New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into the experimental and control groups, with 4 animals in each group. The Knitted double velour Dacron grafts were supplied by America Meadox Medicals Inc. METHODS: Rabbits in the experimental group were implanted Knitted double velour dacron grafts seeded by autogenous bone marrow into the infrarenal inferior vena caves, while, the rabbits in the control group were treated by autogenous plasma. The grafts were harvested at 10 days following transplantation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The condition of vascular patency, the thickness and endothelialization of neointima, as well as the level of thromboxane A2 (TXA2) were measured by light and electron microscopy and radioimmunology. RESULTS: A total of 8 animals were enrolled in the result analysis. All the bone marrow seeded grafts and 2 of the control group were patent. The thickness of neointima in the experimental group was significantly thinner than that of the control group (P < 0.01). Confluent endothelial cells only appeared on the neointima of seeded grafts. The lever of thromboxane B2, which was the main product of metabolism TXA 2, was lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05) CONCLUSION: Rapid endothelialization can be achieved by using bone marrow seeded vascular graft at 10 days, and the new endothelia cells can inhibit the hyperplasia and anti thrombus formation.

Objective To study the operation method to prevent complication in total knee arthroplasty(TKA) with severe valgus deformity.Methods 21 patients with severe valgus deformities were undergone TKA.The operations were done through lateral Z shape incisions.Prosthesis rotation positioning and soft tissue balancing were done,and the lower leg alignments were restored.When soft tissue was tight both in flexion and extension,releasing was done with 90° flexion in upper lateral collateral ligament of lateral condyle,articular capsule angulus posteriolateralis and popliteal tendon,and with extension in upper iliotibial tract in grid form.When soft tissue was fine in flexion and tight in extension,releasing was done in iliotibial track,lateral collateral ligment and posterior capsule;When soft tissue was tight in flexion and fine in extension,releasing was done in popliteal tendon,lateral collateral ligament and angulus posteriolateralis of the articular capsule.Results 21 cases were followed up for 9～28 months,averaged 26.7 months.Among them,2 cases had late onset peroneal nerve palsy,and recovered after 3 month.Operative incision got primary healing.Preoperative KSS score was(43.3±4.1) points,and was restored to(83.8±5.2) points in 12 months,and(87.4±4.5) points in 24 months.Conclusions It is more difficult to perform TKA with valgus than varus.Lateral approach and the operation is beneficial for prevention of complication.

[目的]探讨同期进行双侧人工全髋关节置换的临床疗效及其安全性。[方法]对2002年10月～2007年10月收治的69例行双侧人工全髋关节置换术患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。[结果]经平均2年9个月随访,本组患者手术效果满意,术前Harris评分平均为29.6分,术后平均92.2分。术后出现早期并发症9例,经治疗后痊愈出院,无死亡病例发生。[结论]对双侧髋关节均有病变的疾患同期进行双侧全髋关节置换是安全可行的。手术适应证的严格掌握、充分的围手术期准备是取得手术成功的关键。