山东省是西瓜生产大省,2020年西瓜播种面积250万亩左右,其中大拱棚早春种植面积180多万亩.大拱棚早春栽培能使西瓜早上市,既满足了市场需求,又增加了瓜农收入. 1.生产地选择 选择地势较高,排灌方便,交通便利,疏松,肥沃的地块,建造南北向或东西向大拱棚.采用塑料薄膜覆盖拱圆式棚,其骨架可用竹、木、钢材或复合材料建成.

厚皮甜瓜是甜瓜中的重要类型,果大,肉厚,耐贮运,大拱棚早春栽培上市较早,效益较好,以下简要介绍其技术要点: 1.地块选择与设施建设.宜选择地势高燥,排灌方便,交通便利,土层深厚,疏松,肥沃,通风良好的沙壤土地块建造大拱棚.大拱棚宜根据地形呈南北向或东西向,高1.8～2.5米、宽6～14米、长50～150米,需具备良好的采光、保温、通风、抗风等综合性能.以非瓜类作物为前茬.

以小兰西瓜为接穗,选取6个葫芦砧木和4个南瓜砧木,插接法嫁接,研究不同砧木嫁接对西瓜嫁接苗嫁接成活率、接穗生长和砧木萌蘖发生的影响.结果表明:葫芦砧木嫁接成活率高于南瓜砧木,均达到90％以上,南瓜砧木中以东方明珠嫁接成活率较高,达到92.81％.葫芦砧木力根和南瓜砧木东方明珠对接穗生长影响较为显著,接穗株高、茎粗、叶片数、干鲜质量、叶绿素(a+b)及类胡萝卜素含量、根系活力均显著高于相应对照强根和京欣砧2号.葫芦砧木中,ZM-1和力根砧木萌蘖叶片较小,叶柄较短,南瓜砧木中,以东方明珠和京欣砧4号萌蘖生长较缓.综合评价认为:葫芦砧木力根和南瓜砧木东方明珠嫁接西瓜不仅嫁接成活率高,而且能明显促进接穗生长,降低砧木萌蘖侧枝的发生,可作为西瓜嫁接栽培中砧木选择的参考品种.

随着人们生活水平的提高,对西甜瓜品质的要求越来越迫切,本文作者结合多年对西甜瓜的研究,分析了影响西甜瓜果实品质的因素,包括品种、砧木、设施、地块、肥水、病虫害、植株和果实管理、采收等.

西瓜嫁接常用砧木为南瓜与葫芦,本研究以草炭、蛭石、珍珠岩、椰糠为育苗基质,探究基质理化性质及不同配比对2种砧木生长的影响,以西瓜嫁接育苗常规基质配比为对照(CK,草炭:蛭石:珍珠岩=3:2:2).试验结果表明,不同基质配比对2种砧木有明显影响,T1处理组(椰糠:蛭石=3:2)对2种砧木的发芽率、下胚轴长、株高、茎粗、干质量、壮苗指数等效果最好,且每盘基质成本较对照降低40％.

近年来,我国蔬菜产业快速发展,已成为农民收入稳步增加的重要支柱产业(王娟娟,2017).据蔬菜产业发展规划,2020年我国蔬菜播种面积将达1 566万hm2,年产量达5.8亿t,人均年占有量达400 kg(国家发展改革委员会和农业部, 2012).蔬菜集约化育苗作为一项现代农业技术,是现代蔬菜产业发展过程中的必备环节(张元国, 2014).山东省自1998年开始加大对集约化育苗的投资建设,经过十几年的发展,从管理制度到技术人才都日趋成熟.

为有效降低叶菜类农残含量,以快菜2号为供试品种,选取有机磷杀虫剂乙酰甲胺磷,通过植物透析剂喷施、浸泡及结合蒸馏水清洗方式,测定其对叶片胆碱酯酶的抑制率,探究植物透析剂对快菜乙酰甲胺磷含量的降解效果及其达到安全含量的周期.结果表明,喷施方式可显著降低快菜中乙酰甲胺磷含量,以中浓度(×300)用量较好,低浓度(×500)次之,喷施后蒸馏水清洗30 s处理去农残效果更加显著;浸泡方式降解农残效果与喷施方式基本一致.

Taking thick skin muskmelon varieties M 101 and M135 as materials, the effects of cuttage grafting and double root -cutting grafting on survival rate , dry weight , root vigor , proline and MDA contents of muskmelon seedlings were studied .The results indicated that the seedling survival rate of double root -cut-ting grafting was high , the root vigor was strong , the proline content was significantly higher than that of cut-tage grafting and self-root seedlings ,and the leaf MDA content decreased .The double root-cutting grafting method could be popularized in factory production .

一、范围 本标准规定了绿色食品露地南瓜的产地环境、生产技术、病虫害防治、采收和生产档案等. 本标准适用于山东省绿色食品南瓜的露地生产. 二、产地环境 选择地势高燥,排灌方便,土层深厚、疏松、肥沃的地块.产地环境符合NY/T391的要求.

以济青七号为接穗,引进搜集国内外多种砧木进行试验,筛选出符合生产要求的优良砧木,并研究西瓜砧木断根嫁接技术对嫁接西瓜的成活率、生长势和产量的影响.结果表明,西瓜砧木断根嫁接技术明显提高了嫁接西瓜的成活率、生长势和产量.

An antagonistic bacterium strain BSH-4 was isolated from rhizosphere soil of cucumber in the greenhouse.Dual culture test indicated that the strain was highly inhibitory to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum by making the mycelium swollen and curly,the protoplasm inside brown and concentrated,and the production of sclerotium delayed.Treat with fermentation broth of BSH-4,the disease control efficacy was 81.6% on detached leaves test,and 68.3% on pot trials.And the recovering rate was attained to 74.4% when sclerotial blight infected stems of cucumber was treated in the field.All the efficacies of BSH-4 broth excelled that of dimethachlon fungicide.The fermentation broth of BSH-4 had no impact on seed germination rate,but also promoted the growth of cucumber seedling.Identification by morphological observation,physiological and biochemical determinations,and 16S rDNA sequences analysis showed that the strain was belonged to Bacillus pumilus.