W1244是以W12为母本、W44为父本杂交选育而成的西瓜新品种.该品种长势较强,在山东省春季大棚栽培时全生育期约95 d,果实发育期约35 d.果实圆形,绿底覆深绿齿条,瓜瓤大红色,中心可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)12％左右,边部可溶性固形物含量9％.春季设施密植吊蔓栽培,单瓜质量2.0 kg左右;爬地栽培单瓜质量5.0 kg左右.一般667 m2产量3500 kg左右,果皮厚度0.8 cm,耐贮运,轻抗枯萎病,适合山东及周边地区春季设施栽培.2019年通过农业农村部非主要农作物品种登记.

黄河故道地跨河北、河南、山东、江苏、安徽5省,具有独特的土壤和气候条件,非常适合西瓜甜瓜生长.具有1000多年西瓜甜瓜栽培史,积累了丰富的经验和先进的栽培管理技术,成为我国主要优质西瓜甜瓜生产基地,目前西瓜甜瓜栽培面积约40万hm2.本文阐述了黄河故道地区西瓜甜瓜产业发展历程、产业发展优势、西瓜甜瓜生产现状及品牌建设等,总结了西瓜甜瓜产业中存在的问题,并提出黄河故道地区西瓜甜瓜产业发展建议,以助力乡村振兴.

山东省是西瓜生产大省,2020年西瓜播种面积250万亩左右,其中大拱棚早春种植面积180多万亩.大拱棚早春栽培能使西瓜早上市,既满足了市场需求,又增加了瓜农收入. 1.生产地选择 选择地势较高,排灌方便,交通便利,疏松,肥沃的地块,建造南北向或东西向大拱棚.采用塑料薄膜覆盖拱圆式棚,其骨架可用竹、木、钢材或复合材料建成.

厚皮甜瓜是甜瓜中的重要类型,果大,肉厚,耐贮运,大拱棚早春栽培上市较早,效益较好,以下简要介绍其技术要点: 1.地块选择与设施建设.宜选择地势高燥,排灌方便,交通便利,土层深厚,疏松,肥沃,通风良好的沙壤土地块建造大拱棚.大拱棚宜根据地形呈南北向或东西向,高1.8～2.5米、宽6～14米、长50～150米,需具备良好的采光、保温、通风、抗风等综合性能.以非瓜类作物为前茬.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of newly discovered non-coding RNAs that are typically derived from a genome’s exonic, intronic, and intergenic regions. Recent studies of circRNAs in animals and plants have shown that circRNAs are vital in response to various abiotic and biotic stresses. Powdery mildew disease (PM) is a serious fungal disease threatening the melon industry. We performed whole transcriptome sequencing using the leaves of a PM-resistant (M1) and a PM-susceptible (B29) melon to identify circRNAs and determine their molecular functions. A total of 303 circRNAs were identified and >50% circRNAs were derived from exonic regions. Expression levels were significantly altered in 17 and 23 circRNAs after PM infections in B29 and M1, respectively. Melon circRNAs may participate in the response to biotic stimuli, oxidation reduction, metabolic processes, and the regulation of gene expression based on the functional annotation of circRNA parental genes. Furthermore, 27 circRNAs were predicted to be potential targets or ‘sponges’ for 18 microRNAs (miRNAs). Our results are the first to identify and characterize circRNA functions in melon and may contribute to a better understanding of the role and regulatory mechanisms of circRNAs in resisting PM.

VQ家族基因是植物特有的一类基因,其编码蛋白主要与WRKY蛋白相互作用协同调控下游基因表达,在植物生长发育及抵御各种外界环境胁迫中起重要作用.为揭示甜瓜VQ家族基因在抗白粉病中的功能,本研究采用生物信息学方法从甜瓜基因组中鉴定到26个VQ家族基因,这些基因不均匀地分布在甜瓜11条染色体上.系统进化分析表明,该家族成员分布于不同的分支中,分别与拟南芥VQ家族蛋白不同成员聚在一起.基因结构分析表明,甜瓜VQ家族基因序列均无内含子,只有1个外显子.组织表达分析表明,1个甜瓜VQ家族基因组成性表达,23个甜瓜VQ家族基因组织特异性表达.此外,白粉病菌侵染之后,6个VQ家族基因呈现不同程度的响应.本研究结果为进一步研究甜瓜VQ家族基因在甜瓜抗白粉病中的功能奠定了理论基础.

Background Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs with more than 200 nucleotides in length, which play vital roles in a wide range of biological processes. Powdery mildew disease (PM) has become a major threat to the production of melon. To investigate the potential roles of lncRNAs in resisting to PM in melon, it is necessary to identify lncRNAs and uncover their molecular functions. In this study, we compared the lncRNAs between a resistant and a susceptible melon in response to PM infection. Results It is reported that 11,612 lncRNAs were discovered, which were distributed across all 12 melon chromosomes, and > 85% were from intergenic regions. The melon lncRNAs have shorter transcript lengths and fewer exon numbers than protein-coding genes. In addition, a total of 407 and 611 lncRNAs were found to be differentially expressed after PM infection in PM-susceptible and PM-resistant melons, respectively. Furthermore, 1232 putative targets of differently expressed lncRNAs (DELs) were discovered and gene ontology enrichment (GO) analysis showed that these target genes were mainly enriched in stress-related terms. Consequently, co-expression patterns between LNC_018800 and CmWRKY21 , LNC_018062 and MELO3C015771 (glutathione reductase coding gene), LNC_014937 and CmMLO5 were confirmed by qRT-PCR. Moreover, we also identified 24 lncRNAs that act as microRNA (miRNA) precursors, 43 lncRNAs as potential targets of 22 miRNA families and 13 lncRNAs as endogenous target mimics (eTMs) for 11 miRNAs. Conclusion This study shows the first characterization of lncRNAs involved in PM resistance in melon and provides a starting point for further investigation into the functions and regulatory mechanisms of lncRNAs in the resistance to PM.

随着人们生活水平的提高,对西甜瓜品质的要求越来越迫切,本文作者结合多年对西甜瓜的研究,分析了影响西甜瓜果实品质的因素,包括品种、砧木、设施、地块、肥水、病虫害、植株和果实管理、采收等.

‘鲁厚甜4号’是以‘10SM22’为母本、‘10AM34’为父本育成的杂交1代厚皮甜瓜新品种.该品种长势较强,春季大棚栽培时全生育期约105 d,果实发育期为42～45d.果实高圆形,成熟后皮色深黄,单果质量2.25 kg,667 m2产量2 800 kg以上;果肉外绿内橙,厚约4.3cm,肉质脆甜,可溶性固形物含量15％左右.果皮韧,不落蒂,耐贮运;适合山东及周边地区栽培.2015年通过山东省农作物品种审定委员会审定.

为了揭示突触融合蛋白(syntaxin)家族基因在甜瓜抵御白粉病过程中的功能,采用生物信息学方法从甜瓜基因组序列中鉴定到17个syntaxin家族成员,这些基因不均匀地分布在9条染色体上.系统进化分析发现甜瓜17个syntaxin家族成员属于7个亚家族(SYP-1、SYP-2、SYP-3、SYP-4、SYP-5、SYP-7、SYP-8),表明不同syntaxin家族成员之间具有不同的分子功能.基因结构分析表明甜瓜syntaxin家族基因包含l～12个内含子.组织表达分析表明有10个甜瓜syntaxin家族基因组成性表达,7个基因组织特异性表达.此外,甜瓜幼苗经白粉病菌人工接种侵染之后,9个syntaxin家族基因呈现不同程度的响应,9个syntaxin家族基因与MLO家族基因共表达,推测其在甜瓜抗白粉病过程中发挥重要功能.

为筛选出适合设施甜瓜无土栽培的椰糠基质配方,本试验以甜瓜西州蜜25号为材料,设置8种不同的椰糠、草炭、蛭石及珍珠岩配比处理,研究不同配比处理基质的理化性质及其对设施甜瓜产量和品质的影响.两年试验结果表明:草炭:蛭石(3:2)处理的甜瓜666.7m2产量最高,为2660.59 kg;粗椰糠(CK)处理的甜瓜产量最低,为1804.26 kg;草炭:椰糠:蛭石(6:3:1)处理的甜瓜产量较高,果实中含糖量连续两年最高,均值为17.09％,生产上该配方可作为无土栽培甜瓜获得高产和高糖的配方基质首选;椰糠:蛭石(1:1)处理的甜瓜产量和含糖量仅次于草炭:蛭石(3:2)处理,该配方可在无土栽培甜瓜生产上用椰糠替代草炭.

The WRKY proteins constitute a large family of transcription factors that have been known to play a wide range of regulatory roles in multiple biological processes. Over the past few years, many reports have focused on analysis of evolution and biological function of WRKY genes at the whole genome level in different plant species. However, little information is known about WRKY genes in melon (Cucumis melo L.). In the present study, a total of 56 putative WRKY genes were identified in melon, which were randomly distributed on their respective chromosomes. A multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis using melon, cucumber and watermelon predicted WRKY domains indicated that melon WRKY proteins could be classified into three main groups (I-III). Our analysis indicated that no recent duplication events of WRKY genes were detected in melon, and strong purifying selection was observed among the 85 orthologous pairs of Cucurbitaceae species. Expression profiles of CmWRKY derived from RNA-seq data and quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) analyses showed distinct expression patterns in various tissues, and the expression of 16 CmWRKY were altered following powdery mildew infection in melon. Besides, we also found that a total of 24 WRKY genes were co-expressed with 11 VQ family genes in melon. Our comparative genomic analysis provides a foundation for future functional dissection and understanding the evolution of WRKY genes in cucurbitaceae species, and will promote powdery mildew resistance study in melon.

本文介绍了根结线虫病发生的规律(为害症状、发生条件等),提出了轮作、苗床消毒、水淹、深翻和选用砧木品种的农业防治措施,以蒸汽消毒、无土栽培、日光消毒为重点的物理防治技术,以及采用阿维菌素、棉隆、威百亩、石灰氮和噻唑磷等化学药剂防治技术.

Selecting Jingxin No.1 watermelon (pumpkin seedlings for grafting) as material,using two factors and four levels random design method,the effects of topdressing different ratios of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer on physicochemical properties and microorganisms of soil,and fruit quality of watermelon were studied during fruit enlargement period with domestic urea (N≥46％) and domestic potassium sulfate (K2O ≥50％) as fertilizer source.The results showed that increasing nitrogen fertilizer,the available nutrients and organic matter content in the soil decreased,the physiochemical properties of soil became worse,the microbial population showed a significant reduction,and the fruit quality significantly declined.The fruit enlargement period of watermelon needs a lot of potassium fertilizer.When applying potassium fertilizer which less than 450 kg/hm2,the available nutrients and organic matter content in the soil increased,the physicochemical properties of soil got better,the quantity and diversity of microorganisms in soil became richer,the proportions of fungi and actinomycetes declined,and the soil transformed into bacterial form.Meanwhile,the fruit quality was improved to a certain extent.

试验主要研究蓖麻粕对南方根结线虫的控制作用,为寻找新型植物源杀线虫活性物质提供基础.试验采用不同蓖麻粕剂量防治保护地番茄根结线虫病,观察线虫和番茄幼苗对蓖麻粕的反应.试验结果表明,亩施1 300kg、3 900 kg蓖麻粕均能有效防治番茄根结线虫病,该剂量对番茄安全,建议根据根结线虫病发生严重程度和经济条件选用适当的用量.同时应当对蓖麻粕的杀线虫活性成分粗提、杀线虫谱和作用机制等方面进行深入研究,为规模化、商品化利用植物源杀线虫活性物质防治根结线虫提供理论基础.

Taking melon 'Mibao' as experimental material,this paper studied the effect of spraying Zenggualing with different times on the differentiation of melon female flower buds,fruit position,increasing both production and benefit.The results showed that the length of internode became obviously shorter,number of side branches was reduced,and the used labor reduced 120 days per hectare,female flowers occurred continuously on side branches,and fruit development period shortened 3 days after using Zenggualing.The yield of melon increased by 11.4％ and 19.2％,respectively than the control,after spraying Zenggualing one and two times.The benefit increased 53 304.15 yuan and 71 592.00 yuan per hectare,respectively.Therefore,reasonable use of Zenggualing can effectively inhibit the vegetative growth,and promote reproductive growth,thus enabling to satisfy the production needs for increasing production and benefit,and simplification of cultivation procedure.

The influence of four grafting methods (cnttage grafting,both-root-cut cuttage grafting,approach grafting,cut grafting) on the plant growth and fruit characters of muskmelon was studied,in this research,muskmelon'M135'was used as scion,'QNTJ'was used as rootstock and self-rooted as CK.The results showed that the grafted plants were generally found enhanced plant growth and increased fruit yield than self-rooted plants.Muskmelon treated by cuttage grafting method exhibited the highest fruit yield (2 788.89 kg per 667 m2) and the earliest fruit maturity,and the yield increased 23.65％ and harvest period 7 days in advance than self-rooted plants,which showed a significant differences compared with approach grafting and self-rooted plants.In this study,the approach grafting and self-rooted plants were observed lower fruit yield and later fruit maturity,but higher soluble solid content (16％).Therefore,the cuttage grafting method was suitable for early maturing high-yielding cultivation,both-root-cut cuttage grafting and cut grafting plants showed good growth potential in later stage,which were suitable for continuous harvest cultivation,approach grafting and self-rooted method were suitable for high quality cultivation of muskmelon.

网纹甜瓜以其网纹美丽、风味佳、耐贮运等特点,深受市场欢迎.但在网纹甜瓜生产过程中,经常出现网纹少或网纹不美观,甚至出现裂瓜等现象.笔者根据多年的实践发现,影响网纹美观度的主要因素是水分、坐瓜节位、肥料管理、阳光直射等,提高网纹甜瓜网纹美观度应采取以下措施.

The basic/helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins constitute a superfamily of transcription factors that are known to play a range of regulatory roles in eukaryotes. Over the past few decades, many bHLH family genes have been well-characterized in model plants, such as Arabidopsis, rice and tomato. However, the bHLH protein family in peanuts has not yet been systematically identified and characterized. Here, 132 and 129 bHLH proteins were identified from two wild ancestral diploid subgenomes of cultivated tetraploid peanuts, Arachis duranensis (AA) and Arachis ipaensis (BB), respectively. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that these bHLHs could be classified into 19 subfamilies. Distribution mapping results showed that peanut bHLH genes were randomly and unevenly distributed within the 10 AA chromosomes and 10 BB chromosomes. In addition, 120 bHLH gene pairs between the AA-subgenome and BB-subgenome were found to be orthologous and 101 of these pairs were highly syntenic in AA and BB chromosomes. Furthermore, we confirmed that 184 bHLH genes expressed in different tissues, 22 of which exhibited tissue-specific expression. Meanwhile, we identified 61 bHLH genes that may be potentially involved in peanut-specific subterranean. Our comprehensive genomic analysis provides a foundation for future functional dissection and understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of bHLH transcription factors in peanuts.

西瓜、甜瓜是我国重要的高效园艺作物,在满足人们日益增长的瓜果需求和促进农民增收方面发挥着巨大作用.山东省是西甜瓜生产大省,西甜瓜产业在全国占有举足轻重的地位,2014 年西瓜播种面积 289.64 万亩,占全国的 10.6%,总产量 1075.04 万吨,占全国的14.7%;甜瓜播种面积 69.92 万亩,总产量 200.56 万吨,分别占全国的 11.01% 和 13.99%.