The airflow in the transport channel contributes to the accelerated straightening of the hooked fibers, which greatly influences the structural properties of the yarn. To study the straightening process of hooked fiber in the fiber transport channel, Altair EDEM 2022 software was used to establish flexible fiber models, and combined with ANSYS Fluent 2022R1 simulation software, the fluid-solid coupling method was used to simulate the air velocity distribution in the fiber transport channel and the straightening process of the hooked fibers in the airflow field. The numerical simulated air flow is verified by Hagen-Poissuille pipe flow equation. The effects of different fiber transport channels on the straightening of various hooked fibers were discussed. The results show that the straightening effect of leading hooked fiber in the airflow field is better than that of trailing hooked fiber with significant straight. In the case of the fiber transport channel with a circular cross-section outlet, the straightening of trailing hooked fiber can be slightly enhanced. Considering the feeding position of fibers transferred from carding roller to inlet of fiber transport channel, the collision of hooked fibers with the wall influences straightening of hook part or even reduces the straightness. Through the comparision on straightness between simulated and the experimental fibers, it is verified the better straightening of leading hooked fiber in the fiber sliver in the channel. The straightening process of hooked fibers influenced by airflow field and input location of fiber transport channel are simulated, which provides a reference for optimizing fiber transport channel structure and spinning prameters.

Tens of millions or billions of single tapered fibers are independent optical transmission elements of tapered optical fiber array (TOFA) for imaging. The optical transmission trajectories of these single tapered fibers, which directly affect imaging qualities of TOFA, are rarely analyzed. This paper provides a method to numerically simulate it for fibers located at different positions along the radial direction of TOFA. The tapered curves of TOFA were firstly simulated by Finite Element Analysis (FEA) software and experimentally verified by the same preparation parameters. It is shown that the slope of tapered curve increases with stretching length. Meanwhile, the taper angle gets greater, and the profile of tapered deformation zone expands outward, while the radius of straight zone remains stable. Based on these, the optical transmission trajectory of single tapered fibers located from center to edge in TOFA was simulated, and then further verified by a self-developed instrument. Both simulation and experiment illustrate that the relative transmittance of single tapered optical fiber is decreased along the radial direction within the same TOFA. In comparison with the transmittance of the central axial fiber, the simulated and experimental unevenness on relative transmittance of peripheral fibers is within 7.11% and 9.74%, respectively. With the relative transmittance at the central position of the optical fiber being identical, the difference of relative transmittance (Delta T) between the simulation and experiment is gradually increased from center to peripheral regions along the radial direction of TOFA, reaching the maximum Delta T of 4.23%. The simulated results are well in agreement with the experimental ones.

纳米纤维凭借其优异的孔隙率和表面体积比成为了研究热点,成功地应用在电容器、过滤分离、伤口敷料、传感器等领域.近年来,人们提出了多种纳米纤维制备方法,如静电纺丝、熔喷法、离心纺丝法和溶液喷射法等.其中溶液喷射法具有成本低、可原位操作、纤维生产速率高等优点.这种制备工艺通过高速气流蒸发聚合物溶液的溶剂来吹塑纳米纤维.综述了溶液喷射纺纳米纤维的制备原理和技术,重点分析了聚合物溶液、喷嘴、气流场等工艺因素对溶液喷射纺纳米纤维的形态影响.分析了目前溶液喷射纺的各种应用,并对其未来发展进行了展望.

"新工科"建设是当前全国高校专业建设的重要方向和内涵建设内容之一.作为传统工科专业的纺织工程专业,如何利用"新工科"专业建设契机打造适应新时代工科人才培养需要的人才培养模式是当前专业建设探索的重点.分析比较目前工科人才培养中"3+1""书院制""卓越工程师""创新班"等人才模式的优势及存在的问题,对纺织工程专业"新工科"人才培养模式进行了探讨,并提出了相关建议.

基于高阶性、创新性和挑战度的"金课"建设要求,通过教材建设及完善线上资源,将信息技术与课程教学深度融合,并及时更新教学内容,积极探索新的教学方法与手段.采用一般内容线上自学、重难点内容线下课领学、专题内容讨论课互学、全过程评学的教学模式,将"纺纱原理"课程打造成"金课",取得了良好的教学效果.

为降低高性能纤维防刺织物的成本,改善产品的舒适性,通过将芳纶、超高分子量聚乙烯纤维与涤纶进行复合纺纱并制备防刺织物,测试分析了复合纱线基织物以及铺叠层数等对其静态防刺、透气和透湿性能的影响.结果表明:织物穿刺载荷随着面密度的增加而增加,复合纱中引入涤纶可保持或提高织物的防穿刺性能;增加复合纱线织物堆叠层数,织物刺破载荷值最大提升536％;通过增加纤维根数可在较低铺叠层数下达到相当程度的穿刺载荷;加入复合纱后,织物的透湿性和透气性无明显变化;多层织物堆叠对织物透气性有明显影响,随织物经纬密增大,堆叠后织物透气率下降,最大为64.82％.

将专业课程作为思政教育的载体并有效实施对人才培养具有重要意义.结合纺纱系列课程教学内容,深入开发该系列课程理论与实践教学环节的共性思政教育资源,并凝练和提升思政教育元素,挖掘其价值引领功能;通过更新纺纱系列课程的教学文件,优化教学过程,创新考核形式与内容,促进课程思政的有效实施.

纺织结构防刺材料在国防单兵作战防御、个人安全防护等领域具有重要的应用价值.文章从仿生设计出发,阐述了仿生鳄鱼、石鳖、鱼鳞和荷叶等自然生物的防刺机制及其产品开发现状,并综述了3D打印和激光雕刻技术在构筑仿生设计的纺织结构防刺材料的应用.认为:仿生设计为防护装备的开发开拓了新的思路;为提高仿生设计的纺织结构防刺材料性能,可从继续探寻自然界中各类生物防护结构以及拓展制备方法等角度,实现仿生防刺结构在防护服上的整体作用发挥.

针对超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)纤维熔点低、易蠕变等不足,以油田井下作业环境为测试条件,研究了UHMWPE纤维在干热和湿热状态下的力学稳定性能,借助差示扫描量热仪、热重分析仪、扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪和电子能谱分析仪,表征并分析了UHMWPE纤维的热学性能和微观结构.结果表明:UHMWPE纤维表面在热和处理液的刻蚀作用下产生明显的沟槽;在相同的温度下处理,湿热状态下纤维的力学性能损失比干态下小,尤其在70℃下湿热连续处理30 d,纤维强力下降率基本控制在6％以内;对纤维进行干热处理,当温度接近纤维熔点时,随着温度的升高,纤维强力下降明显,140℃下干热处理1 h,强力最大下降率达19.87％.

纺纱原理课程存在教学内容更新滞后、教学手段和方法缺乏灵活性、考核方式不能挖掘和激发学生的能力等问题,所以必须进行纺纱原理课程的教学改革.课程通过网络学习平台,增加线上网络和线下学生自学以弥补课堂学习时间的不足.这既可以提升学生的自学能力、掌握基本的原理知识,又可以追踪与原理有关的纺织科技前沿、紧跟新工科发展的趋势.学生课下自学,课上主导课堂,激发了学生学习的积极性和参与性.采用阶段性和总结性考核相结合的方式,由教师、学生和专家组成的评价组进行综合评分.

为深入了解目前生物基抗菌整理剂的研究进展,分别介绍了微生物基抗菌整理剂 ε-聚赖氨酸和灵菌红素,动物基抗菌整理剂复合型壳聚糖、改性壳聚糖和纳米壳聚糖,以及多种类型植物基抗菌整理剂的抗菌机制及性能特点;针对性地介绍了3类抗菌整理剂在纺织领域的应用基础与目前国内外的最新研究进展,分析了其产品的抑菌效果及与传统纺织用抗菌整理剂相比的性能优势;最后总结了这些新型生物基抗菌整理剂仍然存在的问题,并对其在未来的发展方向进行了展望.

测试醋青纤维的力学性能和摩擦性能,采用扫描电子显微镜 、红外光谱仪观察并分析纤维的微观形貌和结构;因醋青纤维是对腈纶分子级水平上的改性,结合腈纶相应性能测试结果进行比较.结果表明:通过分子级水平的改性,醋青纤维中引入了醋酸纤维素的特征吸收峰,从而使纤维具有良好的吸湿性;醋青纤维强度与腈纶接近,但断裂伸长率略高.

生物表面活性剂是一类新型环保的表面活性剂,除了具备化学合成表面活性剂的表面活性外,还具有毒性低、可生物降解、应用领域广泛等优点.文中综述了生物表面活性剂的类型、结构、性能及其在日化、纺织和环境工程等领域中的应用,为其在纺织领域中的应用提供参考依据.

为开发绿色环保的仪纶纤维脱色新方法,通过臭氧-过氧化氢协同对仪纶纤维进行氧化脱色处理,分别考察了过氧化氢浓度、pH值、臭氧浓度、脱色时间、脱色温度、纤维带液率对仪纶纤维白度和断裂强力的影响,并通过拉曼光谱仪与X射线衍射仪考察脱色处理对纤维结构的影响.研究表明,O3-H2O2协同对仪纶纤维具有良好的脱色效果,脱色处理使纤维大分子链发生断裂,纤维结晶度降低,破坏了纤维中有色物质的共轭体系,从而使仪纶纤维白度增加;最佳工艺条件为H2O2用量110g/L、pH值为3、臭氧质量浓度为40 mg/L、温度65℃、时间30 min、纤维带液率80％,纤维亨特白度可达90以上,强力损失率在15％以内.

大学生的全方位发展离不开专业课程中思想政治教育的融入.以"纺纱原理"课程为例,凝练了该课程课堂讲授平台、实验教学平台和课后作业平台中融入思想政治教育元素的案例资源,并从教师主体角度出发,客观分析了教师的思想政治教育态度,总结了教学团队关于青年教师提升思想政治教育素质的途径,为各类专业课程中思想政治教育的实施和发展提供参考.

天津工业大学纺织学院构建了“纺纱设备认识实习→纺纱基本原理验证性实验→纱线成形试纺实验→花式纱线设计实验→纱线综合设计启智夏令营”多模块、分层次、相互衔接、逐级递进、突出创新的纺纱类实践教学体系.围绕该教学体系建设,在实践教学平台、教学计划、师资队伍、实践教学模式等方面进行全方位的改革与实践,取得了良好效果.

以天然马铃薯淀粉为原料,N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酞胺(MBA)为交联剂,K2S2O8和NaHSO3作为引发体系中的氧化剂和还原剂,通过微波辅助制备了一种多孔马铃薯淀粉.分别采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、傅里叶变换红外变换光谱仪(FT-IR)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)对天然马铃薯淀粉和多孔马铃薯淀粉的形貌与性能进行表征,探究了交联前后的结构差异.实验结果表明,多孔马铃薯淀粉粒径增大,反应后出现了新的酰胺基,原有的结晶区被破坏,证明分子链之间发生了交联.以亚甲基蓝(MB)为吸附对象,在一定实验条件下,吸附过程符合Langmuir等温吸附方程;在温度为298K时,最大吸附量为140.845mg/g,并且契合准二阶动力学方程,表明吸附是化学吸附而并非分子扩散.这些结果为染液废水的处理提供了有益的帮助.

文章以金属化电磁屏蔽纺织品为对象,从电磁屏蔽机理出发,综述了金属化电磁屏蔽纺织品的实现方式,将其归类为纺织品成型工艺阶段、纺织品金属化后处理,以及组合处理等3种,并对不同加工方法的电磁屏蔽纺织品的研究现状进行了总结.

A new porous starch was synthesized by inverse emulsion polymerzation with microwave-assisted instead of water bath with native potato starch (PS) as raw material, MBA as crosslinker, and K2S2O8-NaHSO3 as oxidizing a-gent and reducing agent in the initiating system. The comparison and characterization of natural starch with porous starch were investigated through Scanning electron microscope (SEM). Adsorption performance was dis-cussed in methylene blue(MB) solution, with adsorption capacity of porous starch as response variable and mi-crowave power, cyclohexane volume, quantity of dispersant, stirring speed and quantity of crosslinker as inde-pendent variables of single factor experiments and orthogonal experiments. The results showed that as the in-crease of microwave power, cyclohexane volume,quantity of dispersant, stirring speed and quantity of crosslinker , the adsorption capacity of porous starch increased firstly, and then decreased. Among the variables, quantity of dispersant,cyclohexane volume and microwave power have significant impact on the adsorption of porous starch. The optimum polymerization conditions were 1.1 g dispersant, microwave power 240 W, cyclo-hexane volume 250 mL, 2 000 rad/min of stirring speed and 0.6 g MBA.

研究捻度与原料对强捻纱性能的影响规律.采用数字化小样纺纱系统纺制了纯棉及棉与竹浆混纺强捻纱,并测试了纱线的实际捻度、断裂强度、毛羽和条干均匀度等指标,研究了纱线捻度及不同原料的强捻纱性能.结果表明,在显著性水平α=0.05时,捻度对纱线强度和条干均匀度的影响显著.认为:强捻纱的捻度对纱线强度的影响存在临界值,而条干不匀率随着捻度的增加而下降;棉与竹浆纤维强捻混纺纱中棉纤维的含量对条干均匀度的影响显著,含量越高,成纱条干均匀度越差.