OBJECTIVE:Photocatalytic materials have shown great potential in oral care for caries prevention. However, challenges remain in promoting enamel remineralization while ensuring biosafety, as photocatalytic agents are applied directly to the tooth surface and may contact oral tissues or be swallowed. This study aimed to design a multifunctional photocatalytic material that integrates antibacterial, and remineralizing properties with high biosafety. METHODS:A hydroxyapatite-zinc oxide (ZnO-HAP) composite was synthesized via a hydrothermal method and characterized by XRD, SEM, and EDS. Photocatalytic activity under blue light (455 nm) was evaluated through hydroxyl radical (·OH) generation and dye degradation. Antibacterial, and remineralization performances were evaluated using standard plate counting method, and Vickers method. Biosafety was examined through cell viability assays and in vivo tests in mice. RESULTS:The ZnO-HAP composite exhibited strong photocatalytic activity and generated abundant hydroxyl radicals under blue light irradiation. ZnO-HAP treatment under light irradiation resulted in superior antibacterial efficacy and minimal enamel damage. The Ca/P ratio on the enamel surface increased from 1.52 to 1.86 after treatment, indicating effective mineral restoration. Moreover, the ZnO-HAP composite demonstrated excellent cytocompatibility, suggesting good biosafety. SIGNIFICANCE:The ZnO-HAP composite combines antibacterial activity, and remineralization capability in a biocompatible platform. Its biomimetic composition and light-activated functionality offer a safe and effective strategy for comprehensive oral care and enamel regeneration.

This study developed a dental composite resin incorporating KH-570-modified magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgONPs) and methacryloxypropyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (MAP-POSS), and evaluated its microstructure, physicochemical properties, antibacterial activity, and in vitro cytocompatibility. MgONPs were surface-modified with 3-(methacryloyloxy)propyltrimethoxysilane (KH-570), and composite resin specimens containing 2 wt% modified MgONPs with gradient additions of MAP-POSS were prepared, using a commercial composite resin as the control. Filler structure and modification were characterized by XRD and FTIR, and the composite resins were analyzed by SEM and FTIR. Depth of cure, Vickers hardness, water sorption, solubility, compressive strength, and flexural strength were measured. Antibacterial activity was evaluated against planktonic Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) using the film contact method, and cytotoxicity was assessed using the CCK-8 assay with L-929 fibroblasts. Among the tested formulations, the specimen containing 4 wt% MAP-POSS and 2 wt% modified MgONPs exhibited the densest microstructure, the highest degree of conversion (83.03%), the greatest depth of cure and mechanical properties, a moderate reduction in viable planktonic S. mutans (R = 1.16), and no obvious cytotoxic response under the tested conditions. These results indicate that the combination of MAP-POSS and silane-modified MgONPs may be a feasible strategy for achieving balanced mechanical reinforcement and antibacterial functionality in dental composite resins.

Objective This study aims to examine the influence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on the pathological progression of chronic pulpitis and to explores the associated molecular mechanisms. Methods In this study, transcriptome sequencing was performed on human clinical dental pulp samples. To validate the transcriptomic findings and investigate the underlying mechanisms, seventy-two Sprague Dawley rats were randomly allocated into four groups: normal control (Control), chronic pulpitis (PULP), T2DM, and T2DM combined with chronic pulpitis (T2DM+PULP). T2DM was induced by a high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin (STZ) injection, while chronic pulpitis was induced by local lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation of the dental pulp. Histological, ultrastructural, immunological, and apoptosis analyses were conducted on rat tissues to assess the impact of T2DM on chronic pulpitis.act of T2DM on chronic pulpitis at various levels. Results Transcriptomic analysis of human samples showed that differentially expressed genes were enriched in the MAPK pathway. Due to limited human samples, validation was done in rats, where AGEs/RAGE expression and ERK/p38 phosphorylation increased, but total ERK/p38 did not change. H&E staining indicated more inflammation, necrosis, and vascular dilation in the T2DM+PULP group compared to PULP alone. TNF-α, IL-1β, and S100A8 levels rose significantly. TEM showed mitochondrial damage and basement membrane thickening with increased VEGF. Masson staining revealed reduced collagen, higher MMP-9, and lower TGF-β1. TUNEL and Western blot confirmed increased apoptosis, with elevated Bax/cleaved caspase-3 and reduced Bcl-2. Conclusion T2DM is associated with exacerbated pathological damage in chronic pulpitis, coinciding with elevated AGEs/RAGE expression and MAPK pathway activation.

Stem cell transplantation holds great promise for facial nerve repair, yet its efficacy is largely constrained by the excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the highly inflammatory microenvironment. Thus, developing bioactive scaffolds with robust antioxidant capacity for stem cell transplantation remains a challenge. In this study, an injectable and self-healing composite hydrogel composed of chitosan, graphene oxide, and cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeNPs) was developed to provide structural support for the neural conduit, create a favorable microenvironment for human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs), and effectively promote facial nerve regeneration. The hydrogel exhibited intrinsic shear-thinning, self-recovery, and self-healing properties, ensuring its adaptability to irregular nerve defects and suitability for minimally invasive delivery, while its ROS-scavenging activity effectively reshaped the injury microenvironment to mitigate oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in the transplanted cells. In vitro, the composite hydrogel promoted the specific migration of hDPSCs, while alleviating cellular oxidative damage by modulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway to facilitate M2 polarization of macrophages. In a facial nerve defect model, treatment with the hydrogel in combination with hDPSCs significantly improved neurological function and tissue regeneration, achieving morphological and functional outcomes comparable to those of autologous nerve grafts. Collectively, this CeNPs-integrated hydrogel provides adaptive structural support, modulates the injury microenvironment, and promotes stem cell migration, representing a promising bioactive platform with clinical translational potential for facial nerve repair.

Facial nerve injuries lead to significant functional impairments and psychological distress for affected patients. Effective repair of these injuries remains a challenge. For longer nerve gaps, the regeneration outcomes after nerve grafting remain suboptimal due to limited sources and postoperative immune responses. Tissue engineering techniques are conventional methods for repairing peripheral nerve defects. This study explores the potential of dental pulp cells (DPCs) combined with stem cell factor (SCF) to enhance neurogenic differentiation and improve facial nerve regeneration. DPCs were isolated from rabbit dental pulp, the pluripotency of the cells was identified from three perspectives: osteogenic differentiation, adipogenic differentiation, and neurogenic differentiation. In vivo experiments involved injuring the buccal branch of the facial nerve in New Zealand white rabbits, followed by treatment with PBS, DPCs, SCF, or SCF + DPCs. Functional recovery was assessed over 12 weeks, with SCF + DPCs demonstrating the most significant improvement in whisker movement scores. Histomorphological evaluations revealed enhanced myelinated fiber density and axonal morphology in the SCF + DPCs group. RNA sequencing identified 608 differentially expressed genes, with enrichment in the TGF-β signaling pathway. In in vitro experiments, we demonstrated from multiple angles using Western blot analysis, Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) analysis, and immunofluorescence staining that SCF can promote the neurogenic differentiation of DPCs through the TGF-β1 signaling pathway. Our findings indicate that the combination of SCF and DPCs offers a promising strategy for enhancing facial nerve repair.

Aim or purpose: The repair of long-distance facial nerve defects remains a clinical challenge. The construction of tissue-engineered nerve graft (TENG) using dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) as supporting cells provides a new strategy. However, the role and mechanism of DPSCs in injury repair remain to be clarified. Materials and methods: A porous composite conduit was prepared by electrospinning technology. Stem cell factor (SCF) and DPSCs were implanted to complete the loading of active ingredients. The TENG was connected to a facial nerve injury model of 10 mm. After 4 weeks, the functional recovery was assessed by facial hair direction, HE and Masson staining. Immunohistochemical staining and TEM was used to evaluate the nerve regeneration. Transcriptome sequencing technology and KEGG enrichment analysis were used to explore the mechanism of DPSCS. Results: SEM, CCK-8 and IF staining experiments indicated that when the mass ratio of PVA to CS was 9:1 and the G concentration was 0.05 mg/mL, the conduit exhibited uniform morphology with optimal cell compatibility. 4 weeks after surgery, nerve function recovery in the TENG group was better than that in the empty conduit group. Additionally, nerve tissue regeneration in the TENG group was also significantly enhanced(P<0.05). KEGG analysis indicated that PPAR signaling pathway may be involved in the neurogenic differentiation of DPSCs. Conclusions: DPSCs can enhance the repair effect of the TENG in this study and PPAR signaling pathway may be involved in regulating the neurotropic differentiation of DPSCs to enhance the repair effect.

Pulpotomy, which belongs to vital pulp therapy, has become a strategy for managing pulpitis in recent decades. This minimally invasive treatment reflects the recognition of preserving healthy dental pulp and optimizing long-term patient-centered outcomes. Pulpotomy is categorized into partial pulpotomy (PP), the removal of a partial segment of the coronal pulp tissue, and full pulpotomy (FP), the removal of whole coronal pulp, which is followed by applying the biomaterials onto the remaining pulp tissue and ultimately restoring the tooth. Procedural decisions for the amount of pulp tissue removal or retention depend on the diagnostic of pulp vitality, the overall treatment plan, the patient’s general health status, and pulp inflammation reassessment during operation. This statement represents the consensus of an expert committee convened by the Society of Cariology and Endodontics, Chinese Stomatological Association. It addresses the current evidence to support the application of pulpotomy as a potential alternative to root canal treatment (RCT) on mature permanent teeth with pulpitis from a biological basis, the development of capping biomaterial, and the diagnostic considerations to evidence-based medicine. This expert statement intends to provide a clinical protocol of pulpotomy, which facilitates practitioners in choosing the optimal procedure and increasing their confidence in this rapidly evolving field.

The inherent limitations of smooth titanium abutments—particularly inadequate soft tissue sealing that predisposes implants to infection and inflammation—underscore the need for surface modifications. This review synthesizes evidence on magnesium-containing coatings as a bioactive solution to enhance peri-implant soft tissue healing. Through 1) modifying the surface properties of the implant abutment to promote better cell adhesion and proliferation; 2) releasing Mg2+ to promote fibroblast migration, collagen synthesis, and angiogenesis; and 3) exerting antimicrobial effects and regulating inflammatory responses, these coatings establish a microenvironment conducive to robust tissue integration. This helps prevent peri-implant infections and inflammation, strengthens soft tissue attachment, and improves the long-term stability of dental implants, providing a new direction for the development of biomedical materials.

Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), a subset of tooth-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), demonstrate significant promise in clinical stem cell therapy. However, prolonged in vitro expansion commonly results in compromised stemness, limiting therapeutic efficacy. Thus, maintaining the stemness of DPSCs during expansion and culture is a key challenge for regenerative medicine. In the current study, the impact of simulated microgravity (SMG) on DPSC stemness was investigated using the three-dimensional clinostat Cellspace-3D. After SMG treatment for 3 days, DPSCs demonstrated markedly enhanced replicative activity, proliferation efficiency, self-renewal capacity, and effective inhibition of the senescence process. Under specific differentiation induction conditions, DPSCs in the SMG group exhibited superior osteogenic, adipogenic, chondrogenic, and neural differentiation potentials. Additionally, DPSCs exhibited higher expression levels of the MSC surface markers Stro-1 and CD146 and stemness maintenance-related genes Oct4, Nanog, and Sox2 in the SMG group compared to those from the normal gravity (NG) group. To elucidate the potential molecular mechanisms by which SMG influences the stemness of DPSCs, transcriptome sequencing of total RNA was performed, and identified that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) are closely associated with the MAPK signaling pathway. Further verification experiments demonstrated that the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway was activated in the SMG group. In conclusion, SMG effectively maintains the stemness of DPSCs cultivated in vitro, and its mechanism of action may be associated with the activation of the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway.

In orthopedic treatment, long-term nonunion of bone defects has always been a significant issue. As bone graft materials, tetra-armed polyethylene glycol (Tetra-PEG) hydrogel scaffolds are anticipated to address this issue due to their extracellular matrix (ECM)-like structure. However, poor osteoinductivity and cell adhesion after implantation restricted its clinical application in bone tissue engineering. Herein, graphene oxide (GO) loaded with icariin (ICA) was loaded into the Tetra-PEG hydrogel semi-interpenetrating network composite gel byin situcomposite approach, and silk fibroin (SF) was incorporated to create a new organic-inorganic composite hydrogel scaffold (PNSG-ICA) to investigate the controlled drug release characteristics and osteogenic properties. The experiments of this study demonstrate that PNSG-ICA scaffolds can effectively encapsulate and release ICA over a period of 12 days. The scaffolds exhibited interconnected porous microarchitectures, satisfactory mechanical properties, appropriate degradation characteristics, and excellent biocompatibility.In vitroanalyses indicated that ICA-doped hydrogels significantly enhanced the osteogenic differentiation of rat bone mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs), as demonstrated by alkaline phosphatase and alizarin red staining, as well as qRT-PCR assessments. Moreover,in vivoinvestigations revealed that the ICA sustained-release system significantly enhanced the regeneration of bone defects mediated by rBMSCsin situ, as evidenced by mouse calvarial bone defect models. In summary, we envision that the prolonged release of ICA from PNSG-ICA scaffolds may become a new strategy for the clinical treatment of bone defects.

Glycolysis supports mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) proliferation and sustains their undifferentiated state by maintaining energy supply and limiting apoptosis. The rapid advancement of space life sciences has spurred considerable interest in the effects of microgravity on stem cells. However, the contribution of glycolytic metabolism to apoptotic regulation under simulated microgravity (SMG) remains unclear. This study examined the influence of SMG on glycolytic activity and apoptosis in human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). Lactic acid and glucose measurements were used to evaluate glycolytic flux, while transcript levels of HK2, PKM2, and LDHA were quantified by qPCR, HK2 and PKM2 protein expression was assessed by Western blotting, and annexin V-FITC/PI staining combined with immunoblotting of apoptosis-related proteins (BAX, BCL-2, and cleaved caspase-3) was performed to assess cell death. SMG markedly increased glycolytic capacity and attenuated apoptosis in hDPSCs. SphK1 expression was also elevated, indicating a role in cell survival. Pharmacological inhibition of SphK1 with PF-543 reduced both glycolysis and the antiapoptotic effect, implicating SphK1 as a critical regulator of these processes. Inhibition of glycolysis by 2-DG further increased apoptosis, confirming the protective role of glycolytic metabolism under SMG. These findings demonstrate that SMG enhances glycolysis and limits apoptosis in hDPSCs via SphK1 upregulation, suggesting that microgravity conditions may augment stem cell survival and function.

The aim of this study is to explore how neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and phosphatidylserine exposure contribute to hypercoagulability in periodontitis with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Ninety-six participants were divided into groups with periodontitis (CP), T2D, periodontitis with type 2 diabetes (DP), and a healthy control (CTR). Coagulation profiles were assessed using coagulation time and fibrin generation tests. Confocal microscopy and flow cytometry measured phosphatidylserine (PS)-exposed cells and NETs in blood samples. The impact of NETs on endothelial cells was evaluated through Western blot, confocal microscopy, and angiogenesis tests. We evaluated the NETs levels in patients before and after treatment through blood glucose control or periodontitis treatment. DP patients showed shorter coagulation times, higher fibrinogen levels, and more blood cells (e.g., platelets and neutrophils) with PS exposure, along with increased NETs release. Activated platelets were found to stimulate NETs release more than microparticle-poor plasma. NETs damage vascular endothelial cells, leading to increased vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), decreased vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin), actin reorganization, reduced tube formation, and higher procoagulant activity in endothelial cells. After periodontal treatment or blood sugar control, the levels of NETs decreased significantly in patients with DP. In patients with DP, activated platelets trigger neutrophils to release excess NETs, which create a pro-thrombotic state by damaging endothelial cells. Small-scale clinical trials underscore the value of controlling local infection and hyperglycemia as first-line “NET-modulating” strategies. The hypercoagulability of DP patient can be partially explained by the activated platelet-promoted excess NETs providing a scaffold for clotting factors, damaging endothelial cells intercellular connections, converting of endothelial cells to pro-coagulant phenotype, and impairing of endothelial cells tube formation capacity. Blood sugar control and periodontal treatment can regulate the levels of NETs which represents the generation of new promising DP treatment options. In the future, efforts should be made to develop therapeutic strategies targeting NETs or PS.

BACKGROUND:The aim of this study is to explore how neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and phosphatidylserine exposure contribute to hypercoagulability in periodontitis with type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS:Ninety-six participants were divided into groups with periodontitis (CP), T2D, periodontitis with type 2 diabetes (DP), and a healthy control (CTR). Coagulation profiles were assessed using coagulation time and fibrin generation tests. Confocal microscopy and flow cytometry measured phosphatidylserine (PS)-exposed cells and NETs in blood samples. The impact of NETs on endothelial cells was evaluated through Western blot, confocal microscopy, and angiogenesis tests. We evaluated the NETs levels in patients before and after treatment through blood glucose control or periodontitis treatment. RESULTS:DP patients showed shorter coagulation times, higher fibrinogen levels, and more blood cells (e.g., platelets and neutrophils) with PS exposure, along with increased NETs release. Activated platelets were found to stimulate NETs release more than microparticle-poor plasma. NETs damage vascular endothelial cells, leading to increased vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), decreased vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin), actin reorganization, reduced tube formation, and higher procoagulant activity in endothelial cells. After periodontal treatment or blood sugar control, the levels of NETs decreased significantly in patients with DP. CONCLUSIONS:In patients with DP, activated platelets trigger neutrophils to release excess NETs, which create a pro-thrombotic state by damaging endothelial cells. Small-scale clinical trials underscore the value of controlling local infection and hyperglycemia as first-line "NET-modulating" strategies. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY:The hypercoagulability of DP patient can be partially explained by the activated platelet-promoted excess NETs providing a scaffold for clotting factors, damaging endothelial cells intercellular connections, converting of endothelial cells to pro-coagulant phenotype, and impairing of endothelial cells tube formation capacity. Blood sugar control and periodontal treatment can regulate the levels of NETs which represents the generation of new promising DP treatment options. In the future, efforts should be made to develop therapeutic strategies targeting NETs or PS.

Early dental caries and tooth staining are prevalent clinical conditions, so it is of great clinical significance to develop a multifunctional material. Photocatalytic therapies play a significant role in the medical field. However, the use of photocatalytic materials in the dental field is relatively limited. In this study, multifunctional titanium dioxide/nanohydroxyapatite (TiO2/HAP) nanocomposites were synthesised using a hydrothermal method and investigated for their antibacterial properties, mineralization-promoting effects, tooth whitening capabilities, and biocompatibility. TiO2 serves as a photocatalyst, facilitating antimicrobial treatment and improving teeth whitening through a photodynamic reaction. HAP, as a mineralization-promoting agent, effectively promotes enamel remineralization following plaque removal. The results of the whitening experiment indicated after treatment by TiO2/HAP combined with blue light irradiation, the tooth color improved from C4 to A1. In a rat molar model of early caries, TiO2/HAP effectively removed dental plaque and increased the calcium-to-phosphorus ratio to 1.58, further validating the results of the microhardness test. Meanwhile, TiO2/HAP nanocomposites demonstrated good biocompatibility in vivo and did not significantly alter the oral microbial community. The results indicate that TiO2/HAP plays a significant role in antimicrobial activity, remineralization, and tooth whitening, offering a novel strategy for the prevention and treatment of early caries and tooth staining.

IntroductionTo address the challenges related to bone defects, including osteoinductivity deficiency and post-implantation infection risk, this study developed the collagen composite scaffolds (CUR-GO-COL) with multifunctionality by integrating the curcumin-loaded graphene oxide with collagen through a freeze-drying-cross-linking process.MethodsThe morphological and structural characteristics of the composite scaffolds were analyzed, along with their physicochemical properties, including water absorption capacity, water retention rate, porosity, in vitro degradation, and curcumin release. To evaluate the biocompatibility, cell viability, proliferation, and adhesion capabilities of the composite scaffolds, as well as their osteogenic and antimicrobial properties, in vitro cell and bacterial assays were conducted. These assays were designed to assess the impact of the composite scaffolds on cell behavior and bacterial growth, thereby providing insights into their potential for promoting osteogenesis and inhibiting infection.ResultsThe CUR-GO-COL composite scaffold with a CUR-GO concentration of 0.05% (w/v) exhibits optimal biological compatibility and stable and slow curcumin release rate. Furthermore, in vitro cell and bacterial tests demonstrated that the prepared CUR-GO-COL composite scaffolds enhance cell viability, proliferation and adhesion, and offer superior osteogenic and antimicrobial properties compared with the CUR-GO composite scaffold, confirming the osteogenesis promotion and antimicrobial effects.DiscussionThe introduction of CUR-GO into collagen scaffold creates a bone-friendly microenvironment, and offers a theoretical foundation for the design, investigation and utilization of multifunctional bone tissue biomaterials.

The prevalence of facial nerve injury is substantial, and the restoration of its structure and function remains a significant challenge. Autologous nerve transplantation is a common treatment for severed facial nerve injury; however, it has great limitations. Therefore, there is an urgent need for clinical repair methods that can rival it. Tissue engineering nerve conduits are usually composed of scaffolds, cells and neurofactors. Tissue engineering is regarded as a promising method for facial nerve regeneration. Among different factors, the porous nerve conduit made of organic materials, which has high porosity and biocompatibility, plays an indispensable role. This review introduces facial nerve injury and the existing treatment methods and discusses the necessity of the application of porous nerve conduit. We focus on the application of porous organic polymer materials from production technology and material classification and summarize the necessity and research progress of these in repairing severed facial nerve injury, which is relatively rare in the existing articles. This review provides a theoretical basis for further research into and clinical interventions on facial nerve injury and has certain guiding significance for the development of new materials.

Introduction: Facial nerve injury significantly impacts both the physical and psychological] wellbeing of patients. Despite advancements, there are still limitations associated with autografts transplantation. Consequently, there is an urgent need for effective artificial grafts to address these limitations and repair injuries. Recent years have witnessed the recognition of the beneficial effects of chitosan (CS) and graphene in the realm of nerve repair. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) hold great promise due to their high proliferative and multi-directional differentiation capabilities.Methods: In this study, Graphene/CS (G/CST) composite tubes were synthesized and their physical, chemical and biological properties were evaluated, then DPSCs were employed as seed cells and G/CST as a scaffold to investigate their combined effect on promoting facial nerve injury repair.Results and Disscussion: The experimental results indicate that G/CST possesses favorable physical and chemical properties, along with good cyto-compatibility. making it suitable for repairing facial nerve transection injuries. Furthermore, the synergistic application of G/CST and DPSCs significantly enhanced the repair process for a 10 mm facial nerve defect in rabbits, highlighting the efficacy of graphene as a reinforcement material and DPSCs as a functional material in facial nerve injury repair. This approach offers an effective treatment strategy and introduces a novel concept for clinically managing facial nerve injuries.

Objective To explore the effect of Morinda citrifolia juice(MCJ)combined with ethylene diamine tet-raacetic acid(EDTA)on premolar bonding strength and nanoleakage and compare the results with those of the most commonly used root canal irrigation solution,sodium hypochlorite(NaClO),to provide a reference for clinical applica-tion.Methods This study was approved by the ethics review committee.Sixty-three human premolars extracted for orthodontic treatment were randomly divided into a control group(distilled water group)and 6 experimental groups ac-cording to the different rinsing solutions used after the surface enamel was removed.The experimental groups included Group A(2.5%NaClO),Group B(5.25%NaClO),Group C(6%MCJ),Group D(2.5%NaClO-17%EDTA),Group E(5.25%NaClO-17%EDTA),and Group F(6%MCJ-17%EDTA)(n = 9).After soaking in the corresponding rinsing so-lution for 20 minutes,they were layered and stacked on their surfaces to form 4 mm×4 mm×3 mm Z350 resin blocks.Six samples from each group were cut into 1 mm×1 mm×8 mm specimen strips for microtensile bonding strength test-ing.The fracture type was determined under a stereomicroscope,and the remaining 3 samples from each group were aged and cut into 1 mm thick slices for interface nanoleakage testing and scanning electron microscopy observation of the resin dentin bonding interface.Results There were significant differences in the microtensile bonding strength among the groups(P＜0.05),and the control group had the highest bonding strength.Among experimental groups,Group B had the lowest bonding strength,mainly bonding interface fracture,and Group F had the highest bonding strength,mainly mixed fracture.There were significant differences in nanoleakage among all groups(P＜0.05),and the control group had the lowest nanoleakage value.Among experimental groups,Group B had the highest nanoleakage,with resin protrusions being unaltered,and Group F had the lowest nanoleakage value,with resin protrusions being thick and dense.Conclusion The higher the concentration of NaClO was,the worse the bonding strength and edge sealing of the crown dentin were.The effects of root canal irrigation with MCJ and EDTA on the adhesive strength and edge sealing of crown dentin were less pronounced than those of root canal irrigation with NaClO and EDTA.

周围神经损伤严重影响患者身心健康,尤其是离断性周围神经损伤.自体神经移植作为目前临床治疗常用方法,存在着供体来源有限、供体区失神经障碍等局限性.人工移植材料的开发是解决上述问题的关键,近年来碳基材料在周围神经损伤修复治疗中展现出显著优势.本综述从该角度出发,对碳基材料在周围神经损伤中的研究进展加以总结并对其未来在周围神经损伤尤其是面神经损伤领域的应用加以展望,为临床治疗离断性面神经损伤提供新思路.