The unexpected allylation of secondary phosphine sulfides with allyl sulfides has been found. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions (no catalyst and solvent, 80°C) to give allyldiorganylphosphine sulfides (yield up to 79%). The latter, under the reaction conditions, are able to add the initial secondary phosphine sulfides across the allyl group in the anti-Markovnikov mode to deliver propane-1,3-diylbis(diorganylphosphine sulfides), promising extractants of heavy metals and ligands for the synthesis of metal complex catalysts.

Secondary phosphine chalcogenides mildly (no catalysts and solvents, 20-65 degrees C, 0.25-65.5 h) react with aldimines to deliver the hitherto unknown alpha-aminophosphine oxides, sulfides and selenides in good to excellent yields.

Polyfluoroalkyl dichlorophosphites reacted with propargyl alcohol in Et3N/hexane to give di(2-propynyl) polyfluoroalkyl phosphites, which are transformed into polyfluoroalkyl 2-propynyl allenylphosphonates and isomeric (1-propynyl)phosphonates upon storage.

Matveychuk Yury Vasilievich - Cand. Sc. (Chemistry), Ecology and Nature Management Subdepartment, South Ural State University. Матвейчук Юрий Васильевич - кандидат химических наук, кафедра «Экология и природопользование », Южно-Уральский государственный университет. Lymar Andrey Anatolievich - Cand. Sc. (Chemistry), Associate Professor, Ecology and Nature Management Subdepartment, South Ural State University. Лымарь Андрей Анатольевич - кандидат химических наук, доцент, кафедра «Экология и природопользование», Южно-Уральский государственный университет. Avdin Vyacheslav Victorovich - Dr. Sc. (Chemistry), Professor, Ecology and Nature Management Subdepartment, South Ural State University. Авдин Вячеслав Викторович - доктор химических наук, профессор, кафедра «Экология и природопользование», Южно-Уральский государственный университет. e-mail: avdin@susu.ru

Two ways for the synthesis of new representatives of non-symmetric organic phosphites with polyfluoroalkyl substituents were developed based on organic dichlorophosphites. The reaction of polyfluoroalkyl dichlorophosphites with allyl alcohol, proceeding at a temperature of –10–22°C (2 h) in the presence of triethylamine, gave diallyl polyfluoroalkyl phosphites in a yield of 75–77%. Under similar conditions (–30–22°C, 2–4 h, Et 3 N), alkyl (or aryl) dichlorophosphites reacted with polyfluoroalkanols to form alkyl (or aryl) bis(polyfluoroalkyl) phosphites (yield 56–67%). Unlike diallylpolyfluoroalkyl- and alkylbis(polyfluoroalkyl) phosphites, arylbis(polyfluoroalkyl) phosphites are symmetrized under storage conditions (room temperature, inert atmosphere), forming the corresponding triaryl- and tris(polyfluoroalkyl) phosphites.

DFT quantum chemical calculations at the B3PW91/6-31G(d) level of theory have shown that the addition of secondary phosphine sulfides and phosphine selenides with alkyl, phenyl, and phenylalkyl substituents to pentyl vinyl and hexyl vinyl selenides follows a molecular mechanism against the Markovnikov rule through energetically favorable eight-membered transition state, leading to the formation of tertiary phosphine chalcogenides. Secondary phosphine selenides are more reactive than the corresponding phosphine sulfides.

Bis(polyfluoroalkyl) chlorophosphites and polyfluoroalkyl dichlorophosphites react easily with secondary amines (from –40 to –22°C, 1–3 h, CH2Cl2) in the presence or absence of triethylamine to form the corresponding bis(polyfluoroalkyl) diorganylamidophosphites or bis(diorganylamido) polyfluoroalkyl phosphites in the yield of up to 74%. Bis(polyfluoroalkyl) diorganylamidophosphites were also synthesized from diorganylamidodichlorophosphites and polyfluoroalkanols (–25 to –22°C, 2 h, Et3N–CH2Cl2) with a yield of 56–60%.

Полифторалкилдихлорфосфаты легко реагируют с пропаргиловым спиртом в достаточно мягких условиях (22-62°С, 3 ч, пиридин-толуол), образуя неизвестные ранее бис(2-пропинил)полифторалкилфосфаты с выходом 36-41%, тройная связь в которых способна участвовать в реакции азид-алкинового циклоприсоединения.

Polyfluoroalkyl dichlorophosphates react easily with propargyl alcohol under mild conditions (22–62°С, 3 h, pyridine-toluene) to form previously unknown bis(2-propynyl) polyfluoroalkyl phosphates with a yield of 36–41%, a triple bond in which is capable of participating in the azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction.

Traditional methods for C–P bond formation via direct addition of P–H species to unsaturated compounds are usually implemented in the presence of base and metal catalysts or radical initiators in various organic solvents. During the last five years, a novel efficient and general catalyst/initiator- and solvent-free version of the hydrophosphination and hydrophosphinylation of multiple C–C bonds with H-phosphines and their chalcogenides has begun to develop and it is attracting growing attention. This approach corresponds to the recently emerged pot-, atom-, and step-economy (PASE) green paradigm. This review covers the literature on the synthesis of useful and in-demand organophosphorus compounds via catalyst- and solvent-free addition of P–H species to alkenes and alkynes.1 Introduction2 Addition of Secondary Phosphines to Alkenes3 Hydrophosphinylation of Alkenes with Secondary Phosphine Chalcogenides3.1 Oxidative Addition of Phosphine Oxides to Vinyl Sulfides3.2 Addition of Secondary Phosphine Sulfides and Phosphine Selenides to Alkenes3.3 Addition of Secondary Phosphine Sulfides and Phosphine Selenides to Divinyl Chalcogenides3.4 Hydrophosphinylation of Alkenes with Secondary Phosphine/Chalcogen Pair (Three-Component Reactions)4 Addition of Secondary Phosphines to Alkynes5 Addition of Secondary Phosphine Chalcogenides to Alkynes6 Conclusion

ABSTRACTA series of tertiary phosphine sulfides and selenides have been synthesized in excellent yields (88‐99%) via a three‐component reaction between secondary phosphines, electron‐rich alkenes (styrene, vinyl chalcogenides), and elemental sulfur or selenium, proceeding under solvent‐free conditions (80‐82°C, 4–44 h). The interaction occurs via initial oxidation of secondary phosphines with elemental sulfur or selenium followed by noncatalyzed anti‐Markovnikov addition of the generated R2P(E)H (E = S, Se) species to alkenes to afford the corresponding adducts with high chemo‐ and regioselectivity.

Secondary phosphine chalcogenides, R2PX (R(CH2)(2)Ph, Ph; X=S, Se), react with divinyl chalcogenides, (CH2CH)(2)Y (Y=S, Se, Te), at the 2:1 molar ratio (80-82 degrees C, 56-80h) in the absence of both catalysts (initiators) and solvents to quantitatively afford the corresponding anti-Markovnikov diadducts. Even at the equimolar reactant ratio, the diadducts are the major products, though monoadducts are also formed. When Y=Te, vinylphosphine chalcogenides and metal Te are obtained, thus showing that divinyl telluride behaves as the vinylating agent.

Secondary phosphine sulfides and phosphine selenides react with vinyl selenides under mild conditions (80–82°C, without catalyst and solvent) to form regioselectively functionalized anti-Markovnikov adducts in high yield.

ABSTRACTEarlier unknown S‐[1‐(organosulfanyl)ethyl]‐ and S‐[1‐(organoselenyl)ethyl] dithiophosphinates were synthesized in 85–97% yields by regioselective addition of dithiophosphinic acids to diverse vinyl sulfides and selenides under mild conditions (ambient temperature, Et2O, 3 h).

ABSTRACTAlkyl vinyl selenides react with diverse secondary phosphines and elemental selenium in a 1.1:1:2 molar ratio (120–124°C, 20–40 min, 1,4‐dioxane) to afford selectively earlier unknown diselenophosphinic Se‐esters, R2P(Se)SeCH(Me)SeR´, in 82–99% yield. This three‐component atom‐economic reaction proceeds via intermediate formation of diselenophosphinic acid R2P(Se)SeH (generated from secondary phosphine and selenium), which adds to the double bond of vinyl selenide in a Markovnikov manner to give the target products.

Potassium thiolates generated by treatment of thiols with aqueous KOH react with acetylene to give the corresponding vinyl sulfides in 90–95% yields.

Alkyl(or aryl)vinyl sulfides react chemo- and regioselectively with secondary phosphines and elemental selenium (1.1:1:2 molar ratio) at 100°C (1,4-dioxane, 1.5 h) to form functionalized Se-[1-(organosulfanyl)ethyl]diselenophosphinates in 83–94% yields.

Mass spectrometry and quantum chemical studies of the reaction of divinyl telluride with diphenylphosphine sulfide have been carried out. Reaction proceeds under radical initiation (AIBN, 63-68 degrees C, 2.5 h, THF, reactants molar ratio = 1:1) to afford the anti-Markovnikov monoadduct 1 and diadduct 2 in 67 and 23% yield, respectively. The former easily decomposes to give vinyldiphenylphosphine sulfide 3 (in 63% yield), ethylene and elemental tellurium, the structure of which represents mainly nano-sized powder consisting of agglomerates with average size of 350-450 nm. The comparative analysis of electron ionization mass spectra of compounds 1, 2 and 3 indicates that the presence of tellurium atom in adducts 1 and 2 reduces stability of their molecular ions and hinders the elimination of sulfur atom. Under conditions of chemical ionization of phosphine sulfides 1 and 3, the process of their protonation with CH5+ followed by the elimination of sulfur atom from [HM](+) ion is dominant. These data are also confirmed by the results of quantum chemical calculations of the most stable protonated structures of phosphine sulfides 1 and 3. (C) 2013 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.

A number of β-phenyl(or benzyl)selanyl- and β-phenylsulfanyl-substituted imines possessing an additional donor nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur atom were synthesized by reaction of 2-phenylsulfanylethanamine, 2-phenylsulfanylcyclohexanamine, 2-phenylselanylcyclohexanamine, and 2-benzylselanylaniline with salicylaldehyde, 2-pyridinecarbaldehyde, or 2-tert-butylsulfanylbenzaldehyde. The resulting Schiff bases were tested as ligands in the complex formation with nickel(II) and copper(II), and mononuclear (L-H)MCl or LMCl2 coordination compounds were isolated (L = sulfur- or selenium-containing imine). The redox properties of the selenium-containing ligands and complexes were studied by cyclic voltammetry. The complexes were found to undergo reduction of the metal ion in two one-electron steps. The reduction is reversible for copper complexes and irreversible for nickel complexes.