Pollution of soil environments by pesticides is a serious global issue. Char amendments (pyrochar and hydrochar) have been widely used to remediate contaminated soils. However, the rhizosphere soil metabolic mechanisms underlying the hydrochar remediated prothioconazole pollution in the soil-plant ecosystem are poorly understood. Therefore, cattle manure derived hydrochar (CHC) and pyrochar (CPC), and reed straw derived hydrochar (RHC) and pyrochar (RPC) were prepared to investigate their effect on mitigating plant enantioselective bioaccumulation of prothioconazole and metabolites using the 30-day tobacco bioassay, and to clarify the remediation mechanisms underlying hydrochar-remediated prothioconazole-polluted soil-tobacco ecosystem via rhizosphere soil microbiome and metabolite analysis. Char amendments had little effect on prothioconazole bioaccumulation in tobacco tissues, whereas primarily decreased bioaccumulation of prothioconazole-desthio in tobacco roots, following inhibition order of S-enantiomer (63.8-73.4%) > R-enantiomer (67.3-75.6%). Pyrochar efficiently inhibited transfer of prothioconazole-desthio from soils to tobacco roots than hydrochar, with the order of RPC (67.5-71.1%) ≈ CPC (62.7-68.6%) > CHC (48.1-56.4%) ≈ RHC (34.0-47.5%). Hydrochar efficiently weakened the prothioconazole abiotic degradation in the soils could account for decreased bioaccumulation of prothioconazole-desthio in the tobacco roots. The promoted prothioconazole microbially hydroxylated and recruited prothioconazole-degrading bacteria due to enhanced secretion of root exudates (e.g., phenolic acids) were the rhizosphere metabolic mechanisms on prothioconazole enantioselective degradation in the hydrochar-amended soils. These findings provide the basis for developing char-based remediation measures to mitigate prothioconazole pollution.

【Objective】Climatic differences among transplanting dates directly affect tobacco plant growth, yield, and leaf quality. This study aims to determine the optimal transplanting time in potential tobacco-producing areas of Shandong Province, including Qingdao, Zibo, and Laiwu, to optimize climate resource utilization and improve leaf quality.【Method】From 2022 to 2023, transplanting date comparison trials were conducted in Qingdao, Zibo, and Laiwu, with three transplanting dates: Y1 (April 30), Y2 (May 10), and Y3 (May 20). Agronomic traits at the topping stage, chemical composition of C3F-grade cured leaves, sensory quality, and economic traits were comprehensively evaluated under different transplanting treatments. Regression analysis was performed using meteorological data to identify the optimal transplanting period.【Result】The transplanting period significantly affects agronomic traits of tobacco plants, such as plant height, effective leaf number, stem circumference, and leaf morphology, while also influencing the chemical composition of middle tobacco leaves, including reducing sugars, total sugars, nicotine, and the nitrogen-nicotine ratio, as well as sensory quality factors like aftertaste and offflavor. Overall, the Y2 transplanting period performed best in the three tobacco regions, with the healthiest tobacco plants, coordinated chemical composition, and highest economic benefits. Compared to the Y1 transplanting period, the Y2 transplanting period increased the output value per 667 m2 in the Jiaozhou, Yiyuan, and Laiwu tobacco regions by 14.94%, 7.51%, and 23.30%, respectively. Regression analysis results showed that the daily average temperature of the transplanting period corresponding to the highest sensory scores and output value per 667 m2 in the three tobacco regions was between 18 ℃ and 19℃. Specifically, the optimal transplanting temperatures when the output value per 667 m2 peaked in Jiaozhou, Yiyuan, and Laiwu were 18.20℃, 18.85℃, and 19.11℃, respectively, while the temperatures corresponding to the highest sensory scores were 18.34℃, 18.45℃, and 19.01℃, respectively. Further analysis of meteorological data found that although the conventional transplanting time in each production area is from late April to early May, with temperatures typically reaching 15℃, there is still a certain gap compared to the optimal temperature for tobacco plant growth. Therefore, appropriately delaying the transplanting time to better align with the optimal temperature range could improve the growing environment of tobacco plants, enhance leaf yield and quality.【Conclusion】The optimal transplanting periods were identified as May 17-20 for Jiaozhou, May 13-16 for Yiyuan, and May 12-16 for Laiwu.

Resource utilization of tail vegetables has raised increasing concerns in the modern agriculture. However, the effect and related mechanisms of flue-cured tobacco leaves on the product quality, phytotoxicity and bacterially-mediated nitrogen (N) transformation process of tail vegetable composting were poorly understood. Amendments of high-dosed (5% and 10% w/w) tobacco leaves into the compost accelerated the heating process, prolonged the time of thermophilic stage, increased the peak temperature, thereby improving maturity and shortening composting duration. The tobacco leaf amendments at the 10% (w/w) increased the N conservation (TN and NH4-N content) of compost, due to the supply of N-containing nutrient and promotion of organic matter degradation by tobacco leaves. Besides, tobacco leaf amendments promoted the seed germination and root development of wild soybean, exhibiting the feasibility of composting product for promoting the growth of salt-tolerant plants, but no dose-dependent effect was found for tobacco leaf amendments. Addition of high dosed (5% and 10% w/w) tobacco leaves shifted the bacterial community towards lignocellulosic and N-fixing bacteria, contributing to increasing the compost maturity and N retention. PICRUSt 2 functional prediction revealed that N-related bacterial metabolism (i.e., hydroxylamine oxidation and denitrifying process) was enhanced in the tobacco leaf treatments, which contributed to N retention and elevated nutrient quality of composting. To the best knowledge, this was the first study to explore the effect of tobacco waste additives on the nutrient transformation and halophyte growth promotion of organic waste composting. These findings will deepen the understanding of microbially-mediated N transformation and composting processes involving flue-cured tobacco leaves.

烟叶颜色在烤烟生产和烤后烟叶分级及品质评价方面具有重要作用.针对色差计越来越多地被应用在烟叶生产研究中,本文介绍了色差计的使用原理以及在其他作物生产研究上的应用,综述了色差计在烤烟的采收、烘烤和分级等方面的研究应用进展,并对色差计进一步应用于烟叶生产进行了展望.

In order to optimize the nonlinear and hysteresis control issues in the SCR denitration system, ensure a stable nitrogen oxide concentration at the system outlet, and reduce ammonia injection operating costs effectively, this study investigates the development of an optimized prediction model using a data-driven approach. Regression prediction tests are conducted on four data-driven machine learning models: random forest, SVR, BP-NN, and LSTM-NN. After identifying the optimal model parameters, time series prediction tests for nitrogen oxide concentration at the system inlet are implemented in industrial application scenarios. Ultimately, SVR and LSTM-NN models are selected as the primary predictive control models. The anticipated future optimization and improvement aim for accurate prediction of inlet nitrogen oxide concentration, precise control of ammonia injection denitration, and consistent achievement of outlet concentration standards.

名木古树是城市的名片,更是一种文化(积淀)的象征,故应引起足够重视.鉴于目前我国城市名木古树接连出现的衰弱现象,在分析其原因的基础上,给出了具体复壮对策,包括改善名木古树的生长环境、搭建必要的支撑、防治危害主干的病虫害、根部复壮处理措施等.

Based on historical time series data of a 300MW coal-fired thermal unit in Qingdao, China, this paper proposes a GCTCN prediction model to address the problems of non-linearity, multi-factor and non-stationary state exhibited by unit load prediction. The model combines gray correlation model and temporal convolution model to predict the load for a future period, enabling the thermal unit to respond more quickly to load commands from dispatch.

文章通过对我国杜仲产业化发展前景及现状进行阐述,分析了高密市杜仲产业发展现状,指出了高密市杜仲产业发展存在的不足和发展瓶颈.提出了加大杜仲产业政策扶持力度、坚持走良种化、专业化之路.深化杜仲产业关键技术研究、组建杜仲产业联盟、注重培育品牌,做大做强杜仲产业的建议.

社会经济发展带动了林业产业的进步,传统林业产业管理模式的滞后性和不适用性等特点越发突出,尤其是在林业勘察设计领域,需立足领域发展现状,本着具体问题具体分析的原则,采取有效的措施,不断优化推进在林业勘察设计的发展.本文主要对生态经济背景下的林业勘察设计的定位及发展进行阐述,希望对林业勘察设计的现代化建设起到积极参照作用.

为明确烘烤工艺对加热卷烟烤烟原料香气成分和感官质量的影响,对不同烘烤工艺调制的初烤中部烟叶按照加热卷烟感官评价方法进行感官质量评价,检测热裂解烟气中的香气物质含量,并对烟气中香气物质含量与感官质量的关系进行了分析.结果表明,不同烘烤工艺处理样品热裂解烟气中的香气成分含量有一定差异.与H1处理相比,H2处理呋喃类、有机酸类、烯类、酯类等物质含量分别降低了3.63、0.43、0.30和0.87百分点;而生物碱类、醛酮类、酚类、醇类等物质含量分别提高了3.40、1.45、0.16和0.23百分点.H3处理呋喃类、生物碱类、酚类、烯类、酯类等物质含量分别降低了4.91、1.22、1.17、0.50和1.04百分点;醛酮类、有机酸类、醇类等物质含量分别提高了5.63、2.05和1.15百分点.在感官质量方面,H1、H2和H3处理烤后烟叶加热卷烟感官质量得分分别为76.9、79.6和89.2,H3处理显著高于其余两个处理.冗余分析和相关分析表明,H2处理有利于烟碱的积累,影响加热卷烟的劲头.H3处理巨豆三烯酮3、DDMP、棕榈酸含量显著提高,且巨豆三烯酮3是H3处理热裂解释放成分中的典型香气成分,与口感、丰满度和香气的分布方向一致.在8点式精准烘烤工艺基础上适当提高变黄温度,降低干筋期温度,有利于加热卷烟烤烟原料感官品质的提升.

[目的]明确山东烤烟外观质量特征及其用途.[方法]选取2020年山东临沂、日照、潍坊3个地级市15个主烟区的155份烤烟作为典型代表性样品,其中包含C2F、C3F、B2F、X2L、X3L、X2F、X3F、C2L、C3L、B3F、B2L、B3L,分别统计分析外观质量特征、常规化学成分和感官质量指标.[结果]下部烟叶外观质量特征:颜色在柠檬黄至桔黄区间,烟叶成熟,叶片结构总体表现为疏松,油分稍有,身份稍薄,色度中;中部烟叶外观质量特征:颜色在柠檬黄至桔黄区间,烟叶成熟,结构疏松,油分有,身份中等,色度总体表现为"强";上部烟叶外观质量特征:颜色在柠檬黄至桔黄区间,烟叶成熟,结构尚疏松至稍密,油分有,身份稍厚,色度总体表现为"强".叶片结构越紧密,还原糖含量、钾氯比、糖碱比、氮碱比、总糖、钾、施木克值相对越低,总植物碱、总氮、氯、蛋白质、两糖差相对越高.烟叶油分越多,总植物碱、总氮含量相对越高,钾氯比、钾含量、糖碱比、氮碱比相对越低.叶片结构越疏松,感官质量中评吸总分越高,香气质、燃烧性越好,蜜甜香、甜度越明显,杂气、刺激性越少,余味越舒适,木香、焦香、浓度、劲头变化越明显.烤烟颜色越接近桔黄、柠檬黄色,成熟度越好,身份越中等,油分越多,色度越浓,则感官质量中评吸总分越高,典型度、蜜甜香、焦香、甜度越明显,浓度、劲头越中等,香气质、透发性越好,香气量越多,杂气、刺激性越少,余味越舒适.[结论]烟叶的外观质量特征可反向判断烟叶产地;叶片结构、油分可作为影响或反映蜜甜焦香型主产区烤烟独特风格及质量的关键外观质量的特征指标.

为明确沂蒙丘陵生态区蜜甜焦香型烤烟化学成分对感官质量的影响,选取2020年山东潍坊、临沂、日照产烟区176份典型代表性烤烟样品(包括下部烟X2L、X3L、X2F、X3F,中部烟C2F、C3F、C2L、C3L,上部烟B2F、B3F、B2L、B3L),进行常规化学成分及感官质量指标的统计分析及相关性分析.简单相关分析显示,燃烧性与总烟碱和两糖差分别呈显著和极显著负相关关系,与淀粉、还原糖和钾含量分别呈显著和极显著正相关关系;灰分与还原糖和氯、两糖差均表现为极显著负相关关系,与淀粉呈极显著正相关关系;刺激性与氯呈显著负相关关系.典型相关分析显示,总烟碱与浓度、劲头呈正相关,氮碱比与浓度、劲头呈负相关,氯与刺激性、余味呈负相关.综上,总烟碱、氮含量、氯含量是影响沂蒙丘陵生态区烤烟感官质量的关键因素.

为明确不同雪茄品种生长发育对光强的响应差异,在室内模拟条件下,以雪茄品种BES NO H382(简称H382)和古引4号为材料,设置高光强[T200,光照强度为200±12μmol/(m2·s)]和低光强[T100,光照强度为100±12μmol/(m2·s)]两个光强处理,分析了H382和古引4号在叶片形态、生物量、光合特性等方面对光强的响应差异.结果表明,与高光强处理相比,低光强处理下,H382和古引4号叶长分别增加19.8％、8.6％,叶宽分别增加18.1％、9.3％,叶面积分别增加42.1％、15.6％,H382叶片大小对光强变化的响应更敏感.同时,低光强处理下,H382和古引4号的生物量分别降低20.8％、41.8％,叶脉密度分别降低12.4％、9.4％,叶片厚度分别降低15.7％、19.7％,古引4号的生物量和叶片厚度对光强变化的响应更敏感.低光强处理下H382的表观量子效率升高34.4％,最大净光合速率和光补偿点分别降低21.9％、38.0％,而古引4号无显著变化.综上,H382和古引4号均对光强变化有一定的响应,可望通过遮荫等栽培措施调控烟叶生长.

为明确烤烟生长后期"以碳控氮"提高烟叶质量的可行性,在大田条件下,以葡萄糖作为碳源,设置不添加葡萄糖(CK)、添加葡萄糖11.25 t/hm2(T1)、添加葡萄糖22.5 t/hm2(T2)3个处理,于烟苗移栽后90 d添加,探究烤烟生长后期添加外源碳对土壤供氮能力,烤后中部烟叶和上部烟叶外观质量、经济性状、主要化学成分含量及化学成分可用性指数的影响.结果表明,烤烟生长后期添加外源碳显著降低了植烟土壤的矿质氮水平,添加碳源后3～40 d,T1、T2处理和CK 土壤矿质氮含量分别为13.03～61.25、15.93～23.42 mg/kg和52.64～92.36 mg/kg.另外,与CK相比,烤烟生长后期施加外源碳(T1、T2)处理中部叶和上部叶外观质量得分分别增加20.9％～22.5％和21.4％,烟碱含量分别降低了 17.1％～19.5％和21.6％～25.4％,化学成分可用性指数分别提高4.7％～6.5％和28.1％～29.0％,上部叶上等烟比例提高35.8％～37.0％,中部叶和上部叶均价分别增加1.8～2.8元/kg和1.2～1.4元/kg.可见,在烤烟生长后期可通过向植烟土壤施加外源碳调控植烟土壤氮素水平,进而提高烤烟烟叶质量.

[目的]为了研究山东烟区烟叶化学成分、外观鉴定和质量风格感官评吸评分三者间的相关性.[方法]取山东烟区2019年度71份烟叶样本,分别鉴定39个定量指标,并对741个指标进行相关性检验.[结果]55％的指标对间存在显著相关性,主要烟叶质量风格感官评吸指标均存在与之显著相关的烟叶化学成分指标或外观鉴定指标.[意义]研究为烟叶外观特征和主要化学成分含量指标应用于山东烟区烟叶品质预测及烟叶智能分级提供了理论依据.

为了提高大扁杏新园的营建质量和经济效益,总结并论述了7个方面关键技术,内容包括:园址选择与合理规划 、品种选配与密度设计 、定植时间与开挖坑穴 、苗木选择与栽植技法 、埋土防寒与撤防寒土 、苗木定干与苗干套袋 、及时补植与砧木改接.期望这些先进实用技术能对大扁杏的大发展快发展和可持续发展有所裨益.

本文系统总结了水曲柳播种育苗实用技术,包括圃地选择、整地与做床、种子处理与催芽、播种、苗期管理、出圃和建档等方面内容,以期为良种水曲柳的大面积推广奠定技术基础.

本文介绍了辽西半干旱地区大枣嫩枝扦插育苗技术,不同大枣品种嫩枝扦插育苗试验表明,在全光喷雾设施支持下,大枣扦插成活率皆在90％以上,该技术简单实用、先进可行,实为大枣育种领域的一大突破.与传统的嫁接育苗相比,成本降低约50％,经济效益显著,解决了嫁接口处易遭受冻害的难题,且园地里尚可采挖根蘖苗.除辽西地区外,该项技术还可在其他枣适生区推广应用,前景广阔.

To explore suitable wheat straw application measure, a field experiment was carried out to determine contrasting effects of wheat straw incorporation and wheat straw-derived biochar on leaf development, yield and quality of tobacco leaves. The results showed that tobacco leaf development was firstly restrained, then promoted when using wheat straw incorporation, which showed little impact on tobacco yield, output as well as visual appearance of middle tobacco leaves. And contents of potassium and nicotine in both middle and upper leaves were significantly increased in this treatment. Tobacco leaf development was generally promoted with application of wheat straw-derived biochar, and yield and output of tobacco were significantly increased by 21.83%, 54.23% respectively. Scores of body, oil and total scores of visual appearance in middle tobacco leaves were significantly increased in this treatment. Contents of potassium in middle and upper leaves were also significantly increased by 8.39%, 22.63%, respectively, while no significant increase of nicotine content was observed with biochar addition. Therefore, biochar addition is a suitable strategy to improve leaf development, as well as yield and quality of tobacco.

介绍了近年来选育出的几个枸杞新品种,分别为宁夏枸杞的2个新优系(0901和0909)、新疆精河枸杞(精杞1号、精杞2号和黑枸杞)以及超大果枸杞(蒙杞1号),以期为广大林农发展枸杞经济并实现精准脱贫提供种质资源支持.