Biological and economic efficiency of the tank mixture herbicide Zenkor Techno and wetting agent Silwet Gold in potato cultivation under the Kaluga region was defined. The absence of significant changes in the efficiency by varying herbicide application rates (1.0 or 0.8 kg / ha) and the volume of the working solution (3006200 kg / ha) was noted.

The ways of increasing the yield of potatoes as well as necessity of implementing an integrated system of plant protection in the Kaluga region were substantiated. Were proposed an optimized system for protecting plants from pests, diseases and weeds. Showed the parameters of economic efficiency of protective measures.

Biological and economic  efficiency of the tank mixture herbicide Zenkor Techno and wetting agent Silwet Gold in potato cultivation under the Kaluga region was defined. The absence of significant changes  in the efficiency by varying herbicide application rates (1.0 or 0.8 kg / ha) and the volume of the working solution (3006200 kg / ha) was noted.

Results of using fungicide seed treatment Vitavax 200FF in potato cultivation are presented. Suppression of Rhizoctonia during growing season and the tubers of the yield was found. The yield increase in integrated protect system was about 16,9 %.

Biological and economic efficiency of the herbicide tank mixtures Zenkor Techno and adjuvant Silwet Gold in a potato crop in the Kaluga region was defined. The absence of significant changes in the efficiency by varying herbicide application rates (0,8 or 1 kg/ha) and the volume of the working solution (200-300 kg/ ha) were noted.

Results of impact the different weather conditions and protection system from diseases on yield depending on type of ecological plasticity potato variety are presented. Advantage of scheme on the basis of fungicides with different active substances are showed.

Radiation protection of agrarian ecosystems should be considered as an integral part of a system for radiation protection of environment, with a special concern to agroecosystems' features. A methodology is proposed for an assessment of maximum permissible doses of radiation impact for agrocenoses based on an unified analysis of available data about effects of radiation in cultivated plants. It is considered as a component of radiation protection system for agricultural ecosystems. Critical doses and dose rates are estimated for crops under different exposure situations. It is shown that doses that could result in decreasing indexes of productivity and survival for main crops below 50% are unlikely up to 170-200 Gy and 15-17 Gy at an acute exposure of dormant seeds and vegetative plants, correspondingly. At chronic exposure, above 10% loss of productivity in crops is not expected at dose rates below 3-10 mGy/h.

The radiosensitivity of uredospores of the stem rust pathogen is studied in a wide range of β- and γ-radiations (14–2500 Gy). It is shown that a change in the degree of infection of plants is related not to loss of virulence of the pathogen but to their genetically determined resistance. The biochemical indices of wheat resistance to the pathogen are determined.

The uptake by barley and the distribution between the vegetative and the generative organs of 137Cs, K and Ca was studied when plants were grown on soddy-podzolic soil with the background content of heavy metals and soil polluted with Cd and Co at concentrations significantly above the maximum permissible concentration (50 i 100 mg/kg accordingly). The reduction was found in 137Cs accumulation and removal with barley in ontogenesis under the action of increased contents of heavy metals in the soil, which was caused by their phytotoxic effect.

The changes studied in 137Cs uptake by plants and its distribution between vegetative and generative organs of barley cultivated with the application of potassium humate. A relationship has been found between 137Cs accumulation size in barley at various ontogenesis stages and way of potassium humate application (treatment of seeds or plants), as well as availability of mineral nutrients in the soil. Changes in K+ and NH4+ concentrations in soil solution are shown to be of prevailing importance in regulating 137Cs uptake by plants compared with potassium humate effects.

The effects of acute gamma-irradiation on the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say) and sensitivity of insects, long time exposed on radioactively contaminated territories, to pesticides were studied. LD50 values of insects to ionizing radiation during the ontogenesis process was shown to increase (from 8 to 48 Gy). Differences were noted in the development rates of the natural population of beetles collected on agricultural lands with 137Cs contamination density of 0.05-1.2 MBq/m2, with the sensitivity to various pesticide groups being the same.

The development of stem rust in wheat varieties differing in resistance to infection under conditions of separate and combined irradiation of plants and pathogen in a wide range of doses is studied. The factors determining plant infection—time from inoculating the plants until irradiation, irradiation dose, air temperature, and genetically determined resistance of the plant to phytopathogenic infection—are established.

There is a tendency for a decrease in the yield of cytogenetic disturbances with time elapsed from the Chernobyl accident. But an increased rate of cytogenetical damages significantly dependent on the level of radioactive contamination was observed even in several years after the incident. The rate of decline with time in cytogenetic disturbances induced by chronic exposure considerably lagged behind that of radiation exposure. Analysis of genetic changeability in three sequential generations of winter rye and wheat revealed increased cytogenetic damage in crops grown on contaminated sites during 2 and 3 years.

The effectiveness of both separate and combined application of lime, potassium and organic fertilisers in decreasing 137 Cs accumulation in crop yield after the ChNPP accident has been demonstrated in field experiments on soddy-podzolic sandy contaminated soil as a result of the ChNPP accident. It was revealed that the radiocaesium transfer to crop products can be controlled by selecting crop species with different radionuclide accumulation ability. The technology of tillage was found to reduce radionuclide concentration in the yield up to a factor of 2. The problems of optimization of cereal crop protection on contaminated areas are considered. The advisability of using the method of presowing seeds incrustation by biologically active substances has been shown which makes possible stabilization of the phytosanitary situation and thus reducing pesticide application. In this case the yield gain and minimization of radiocaesium transfer to products is achieved.

In the field experiments on soddy-podzolic sandy soil contaminated as a result of the ChNPP accident the effectiveness of both separate and combined application of lime, potassic and organic fertilizers in decreasing 137Cs accumulation in crop yield has been demonstrated. It was revealed that the radiocaesium transfer to crop products can be controlled by selecting crop species with different radionuclide accumulation ability. The technology of tillage was found to reduce radionuclide concentration in the yield by up to 2 times. The problems of optimization of cereal crop protection on radioactive contaminated areas are considered. The advisability of using the method of presowing seeds incrustation by biologically active substances has been shown which makes possible stabilization of the phytosanitary situation and thus reducing pesticide application. In this case the yield gain and minimization of radiocaesium transfer to products is achieved.

The morphophysiological properties of two generations of seeds from chronically exposed agrocenoses of the Chernobyl NPP accident zone were investigated. The difference in reactions between exposed and control seeds to acute stimulating irradiation and to treatment with biologically active substances was shown. The relationship between the degree of radiation depression of the seed morphological development indexes and biometric characteristics of plants on the plots with different radioactive contamination was revealed.