The Gram-negative bacterial genus Brucella includes six classic species based on host specificity, pathogenicity and phenotypic differences. Four more Brucella species were identified in 2007. Although many Brucella genomes have been sequenced, genome sequences and analysis of Brucella strains isolated in China are still scarce. An efficient genome-based Brucella typing method is also needed. In this study, we used the minimum core genome (MCG) typing method to identify and type Brucella strains. Twenty Brucella isolates from China were newly sequenced. The genome sequences of 55 representative Brucella strains were downloaded. Among the 75 genomes, 1089 genes and 52,030 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) shared by all isolates were considered as the MCG genes and MCG SNPs. Using these 52,030 MCG SNPs, Brucella was divided into six MCG groups. In addition, average nucleotide identity (ANI) values and the distributions of 184 virulence genes were all computed. The proportions of virulence genes were 90.96%, 93.56%, 95.89%, 86.04%, 85.78% and 91.87% for MCG groups 1 to 6, respectively. The intragroup ANI values were higher than the intergroup values, further confirming the validity of the MCG taxonomy classification. Brucella melitensis and Brucella abortus, the two main Brucella species pathogenic to humans, were well separated from other species. With the development and cost reduction of next-generation sequencing, the MCG typing method can be used for rapid identification of Brucella, which can contribute to the rapid diagnosis of brucellosis and ensure timely and effective treatment.

旨在调查新疆某养殖小区内牛、羊的流产原因.本研究共在该养殖小区采集样本152份,其中牛流产胎儿样本120份、羊流产胎儿样本31份、牛奶样品1份.对胎儿的脾脏、肝脏、胃内容物和牛奶样品中的布氏杆菌进行PCR检测;从PCR阳性样本中进行病原分离,并通过生化鉴定和多重PCR方法对分离的病原进行种型分析.结果显示,共60(39.5％)份样本(34份牛流产胎儿、1份牛奶样本和25份羊流产胎儿)PCR检测为布氏杆菌阳性,其他病原如弓形虫、胎儿弯曲杆菌、瑟氏泰勒虫和胎儿三毛滴虫PCR检测结果均为阴性.从上述60份阳性样本中共分离出55株布氏杆菌,经多重PCR和生化鉴定显示,52株为羊种布氏杆菌生物3型;2只羊流产胎儿脏器分离的3株猪种布氏杆菌生物1型与疫苗株S2相似度非常高.本研究发现导致该养殖小区牛、羊流产的主要病原为羊种布氏杆菌生物3型,同时疑似猪种布氏杆菌疫苗株S2也可造成妊娠母羊的流产.

目的 分析山西省2005-2019年布鲁氏菌病(布病)监测点(包括国家级和省级)监测结果,掌握布病流行现状,为制定布病防治对策和措施提供参考依据.方法 对山西省2005-2019年布病监测数据按常规监测和监测点监测分别进行描述性分析.结果 山西省2005-2019年共报告布病70 736例,2005年报告发病率最低为6.96/10万,2014年最高为23.53/10万,平均发病率为13.28/10万;报告病例主要集中在大同市、朔州市、晋中市和忻州市,共报告布病36 639例,占全省报告病例总数的51.80％.布病发病高峰为3-7月,占全年发病数的60.24％(42 613/70 736),发病主要以男性、青壮年(30～69岁)、农牧民为主;山西省共报告布病暴发疫情83起(其中1起同时上报突发公共卫生事件).16个监测点开展职业人群流行病学调查144 634人,血清学检查33 150人,阳性数2 436例,阳性率为7.35％,对急性期患者血培养,检出布鲁氏菌161株,总出菌率15.57％(161/1 034),其中160株羊3型,1株羊种布鲁氏菌变异株.结论 山西省布病疫情重,流行强度大,发病范围广,防控形势严峻,应继续加强监测和防控.

Objective: To explore the relationship between sleep duration and depressive symptoms in middle-aged and elderly people. Methods: A total of 11 931 middle-aged and elderly people aged ≥55 years who participated in the baseline survey of the "Community Cohort Study of Specialized Nervous System Diseases" in China from 2018 to 2019 were selected to obtain basic information about their lifestyle, food intake frequency, disease history, sleep duration. The body height and weight were measured, and body mass index (BMI) were calculated. The subjects with depressive symptoms were screened with the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-30). Restricted cubic spline model and multivariate logistic regression model were used to analyze the relationship between sleep duration and depressive symptoms. Results: Among the middle-aged and elderly people aged ≥55 years, 17.79% reported sleep duration less than 7 hours, 16.84% reported that their sleep duration ≥9 hours, and the detection rate of depression symptoms was 7.95%. After adjusting for factors such as region, age, gender, the restricted cubic spline results showed the U-shaped relationship between sleep duration and the risk for depressive symptoms, the results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk for depressive symptom in middle-aged and elderly people aged ≥55 years with sleep duration ≤5 hours, 6 hours, and ≥9 hours were 1.749(95%CI:1.279-2.392), 1.284(95%CI:1.021-1.615) and 1.260(95%CI:1.033-1.538) times higher compared with the counterparts with sleep duration 7-8 hours, the risk for depressive symptom in women with sleep duration ≤5 hours, 6 hours and ≥9 hours were 2.115 (95%CI:1.473-3.038), 1.605(95%CI:1.213-2.123) and 1.313(95%CI:1.011-1.705) times higher, respectively, compared with counterparts with sleep duration 7-8 hours, the risk for depressive symptoms in 55-64-year-old middle-aged and elderly people with sleep duration ≤5 hours and ≥9 hours were 1.806 (95%CI:1.014-3.217) and 1.478 (95%CI:1.060-2.061) times higher compared with counterparts with sleep duration 7-8 hours, and the risk for depressive symptoms in elderly people aged 65-74 years with sleep duration ≤5 hours was 2.112 (95%CI:1.327-3.361)times higher compared with counterparts with sleep duration 7-8 hours, the differences were all significant (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant association between sleep duration and depressive symptoms in men and in elderly people aged ≥75 years (P>0.05). Conclusion: Insufficient or prolonged sleep was independently associated with depressive symptoms in middle-aged and elderly people, showing a U-shaped relationship, especially in women and in middle-aged and elderly people aged 55-64 years.

Background This case report describes the clinical process of a shepherd who suffered brucellosis-related endocarditis (BE) and spondylitis (BS) and was infected with Brucella melitensis biovar 3 ( B. melitensis biovar 3). Case presentation A 55-year-old male patient was admitted to The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University on October 11, 2018, due to over 3 months of intermittent fever, back pain, and heart trouble. The Rose Bengal Plate test was positive, the standard agglutination test titer for brucellosis was 1/800, and the blood culture was positive for B . melitensis biovar 3. Three instances of transthoracic echocardiography examination at days 1, 25, and 376 after admission to the hospital and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) checks at days 5 and 38 revealed that the size of the vegetation on the posterior leaflet of the mitral valve increased from 0.7 × 1.4 cm to 1.2 × 1.5 cm and that the left atrium and ventricle were enlarged. The MRI and CT results showed hyperplasia of the second and third vertebra, a cold abscess formed on both sides of the psoas major muscles, and the vertebra hyperplasia became aggravated at a later time point. The patient’s situation deteriorated, and heart failure was discovered on October 22, 2019. At the moment of submission of this manuscript, the patient remains in bed at home because of severe debility caused by brucellosis. Conclusions This is the first reported case of endocarditis combined with spondylitis caused by B . melitensis biovar 3 in a shepherd. Brucellosis infection can cause work-power losses because of misdiagnosis or a lack of proper treatment. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential for a successful outcome.

目的 探讨Nested-PCR在布鲁氏菌病(布病)患者早期快速诊断中的可行性.方法 用Nested-PCR对布鲁氏菌标准菌株的19生物型、4个疫苗株(M5、A19、S2和104M)和有血清交叉反应的菌株(人苍白杆菌、大肠杆菌O∶157、小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌O∶9)进行扩增,评价该方法的特异性;用Nested-PCR对倍比稀释的16M菌株DNA(100～10-7)进行扩增,评价该方法的分析敏感性.用Nested-PCR对临床采集的200份布病样本DNA进行检测,评价该方法在临床样本检测中的可行性.结果 Nested-PCR能特异性的检出所有布鲁氏菌种,而与布鲁氏菌有血清学交叉反应的菌株和阴性对照未见扩增.试验表明该方法的分析敏感性至少为10-6(相当于43 fg/μL羊种布鲁氏菌DNA),明显高于BCSP31-PCR.该方法首轮引物的扩增阳性率为4.5％ (9/200),次轮引物扩增的阳性率为75.5％ (151/200),与血清学检测结果有较高的一致性.结论 Nested-PCR可尝试用于布病患者的早期筛查,但尚需优化改进.

Human brucellosis is caused by Brucella species and remains a major burden in both human and domesticated animal populations, especially in Inner Mongolia, China. The aims of this study were to analyze the spatiotemporal trends in human brucellosis in Inner Mongolia during 2010 to 2015, to explore the factors affecting the incidence of brucellosis. The results showed that the annual incidence was 29.68–77.67 per 100,000, and peaked from March to June. The majority of human brucellosis was male farmers and herdsmen, aged 40–59 years. The high-risk areas were mainly Xilin Gol League and Hulunbeier City. The incidence of human brucellosis in Inner Mongolia decreased during 2010 to 2015, although the middle and eastern regions were still high-risk areas. The regions with larger number of sheep and cattle, lower GDP per capita, less number of hospital beds, higher wind speed, lower mean temperature more likely to become high-risk areas of human brucellosis.

Brucellosis is a highly contagious zoonotic disease, which seriously endangers animal husbandry in China. Bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DCs) are full-time antigen presenting cells (APC) that play an important role in the interaction between pathogens and host immunity. DCs were stimulated with Brucella major outer membrane proteins (OMPs: OMP10, OMP19, OMP25, BP26 and OMP31) and Brucella mutants (Δ omp10 , Δ omp19 , Δ omp25 , Δ bp26 , Δ omp31 ) to examine effects on DC maturity and antigen presentation. Brucella OMP10, OMP19 and BP26; Brucella mutants Δ omp10 , Δ omp19 , Δ omp25 , Δ bp26 , Δ omp31 and Brucella RB51 induced DC maturation and antigen presentation efficiency in mice, activated proliferation of T lymphocytes, and decreased apoptosis, which helped the host recognize antigens and eliminate pathogens. However, B. abortus 2308 evaded the host immune function and established chronic infection by maintaining a balance between intracellular replication and inducing apoptosis, thus reducing DC maturation and antigen presentation to T cells. Toll-like receptor (TLR) -mediated signaling pathways were involved in the DC maturation and antigen presentation induced by Brucella OMPs. These results enhance understanding of Brucella pathogenesis and the host protective immune response mechanism and lay the foundation for the rational design of Brucella vaccines.

We studied livestock abortion and various associated risk factors in the Ili region of northwest China. Livestock abortion prevalence was estimated and correlated with infections (Brucellosis, Salmonellosis, Mycoplasma and Chlamydia seropositivity) and management (farming type and contact with other herds/flocks) risk factors. A total of 2996 serum samples (1406 cow, 1590 sheep) were identified by RBPT (Rose Bengal Plate Test) and c-ELISA (competitive-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay), and they showed the overall seroprevalence of brucellosis in the study area was cow 6.76%, sheep 9.50%. The seroprevalence of brucellosis in X county was cow 7.06%, sheep 9.12%; in H county was cow 11.70%, sheep 10.80%; and in Q county was cow 4.22%, sheep 9.11%. The overall seroprevalence of Mycoplasma in the study area was cow 3.20%, sheep 6.42%. The seroprevalence of Mycoplasma in X county was cow 3.39%, sheep 7.98%; in H county was cow 5.26%, sheep 9.97%; and in Q county was cow 2.11%, sheep 4.33%. The Odds ratio of brucellosis for cow and sheep, respectively, were 45.909 [95% CI 26.912-78.317, P<0.001] and 70.507 [95% CI 43.783-113.544, P<0.001] times higher than other abortion-related factors including mixed farming, contact with other flocks and Mycoplasma infection. A total of 54 samples, including aborted cow (22), sheep (30) fetuses and milk samples (2), were identified as Brucella melitensis (B. melitensis) positive. A total of 38 Brucella were isolated from 16 aborted cow, 20 sheep fetuses and 2 milk samples. All of these isolates were identified, and confirmed, as B. melitensis. A phylogenetic tree showed that the Brucella isolates closely matched the B. melitensis biovar 3 isolated in Inner Mongolia, China, and B. melitensis isolated from Norway and India. These results suggest that B. melitensis biovar 3 is the main pathogen responsible for cow and sheep abortion and also pose a human health risk. Additionally, livestock reproduction can also be influenced by Mycoplasma infection and managerial factors (farming type and contact with other herds/flocks), especially in remote areas.

目的 分析宁夏布鲁氏菌多位点串联重复序列分型特征.方法 采用传统细菌学和分子生物学方法鉴定菌株,对16个可变数目串联重复序列位点进行PCR扩增,产物经毛细管电泳测序,生物信息学软件Bio Numerics进行聚类分析.结果 经细菌学和分子生物学方法鉴定近期宁夏人群感染分离44株布鲁氏菌均为羊种布鲁氏菌,对选取的20世纪分离的24株菌重新鉴定结果为羊种12株、牛种3株和猪种9株.多位点串联重复序列分析方法(MLVA)分型结果显示,68株菌被分为8大基因群39个基因型,并将羊种、牛种和猪种布鲁氏菌分成3个基因群,其中56株羊种菌分为33个基因型,基因型存在地域性分布特点,同一基因型的部分菌株具有流行病学关联.结论 MLVA分型方法能将布鲁氏菌在种的水平上区分,宁夏感染人体布鲁氏菌具有丰富的遗传多样性,部分菌株采用MLVA分型方法结合流行病学资料可溯源.

Although the prevalence of brucellosis in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region currently remains high, data available on the epidemiological of circulating Brucella abortus strains were limited. A total of 75 isolates obtained from cattle, sheep, and humans were analysed using both the classical method and multiple locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA). There are at least three B. abortus biovars (1, 3 and 6) in this region, and B. abortus biovar 3 is the predominant one. Ten known MLVA-11 genotypes were identified, of which five genotypes (72, 75, 78, 82 and 210) were shared among strains from this study and others previously collected in two to seven different nations, suggesting that this population has multiple geographic origins. An MLVA-16 assay sorted the 75 B. abortus strains into two groups (I and II), 5 clusters (A-E) and 44 genotypes (GT1-44), with 26 unique genotypes represented by single isolates, indicating that these B. abortus brucellosis cases were not directly epidemiologically related. The remaining 18 shared genotypes (among a total of 47 isolates) were represented by two to eight isolates, suggesting that there were epidemiologically related pathogens from each shared genotype among the cases. Importantly, the cluster B1 branch including 22 cluster isolates with identical or similar genotypes confirmed the occurrence of a concentrated outbreak epidemic in the eastern region during 1988-1995. This work will contribute to better understanding of B. abortus brucellosis epidemiology in Inner Mongolia.

Background Brucella abortus is a facultative intracellular Gram-negative bacterium that causes chronic persistent infections in humans and livestock. In this study, conventional bio-typing, multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA), and whole-genome sequencing-single-nucleotide polymorphism (WGS-SNP) were used to investigate the molecular epidemiology characteristics of Brucella abortus strains in China and their relationships to world lineages. Results A total of 100 strains were collected from 1953 to 2013, suggesting that B. abortus circulated in China in the past five decades. Moreover, most strains were mainly distributed in the Northwest areas, suggest that provinces in the Northwest were a dominant epidemic area of this disease. During this period, seven biovars were found, indicating that B. abortus had a high diversity of biovars and it is also a potential reason for the disease ongoing spread in the Northern provinces. Strains have high genetic diversity, and bruce07 is the most helpful locus for genotyping of this population. Moreover, 17 MLVA-11 genotypes were found; 13 of them are of known genotypes and four are unassigned genotypes, indicating that B. abortus in this study had several geographic origins. Still, strains from unassigned genotypes may originate from China. Many shared MLVA-16 genotypes were observed in strains from the same provinces in Northern China, which confirmed a B. abortus brucellosis outbreak within Northern regions. WGS-SNP analysis showed that eight Chinese strains formed a ladder-like phylogram (C. Ⅶ) with strains from nine countries, including Uganda, Iraq, Russia, Georgia, Spain, Italy, Egypt, Mongolia, and China; suggest that strains were introduced to these countries from a single source. Conclusions Chinese B. abortus strains had high biovars and genetic diversity as well as represent characteristics of multiple geographic origins, and B. abortus strains from several mainly epidemic areas were closely related to strains from Russia and Mongolia; frequent animal (cattle) trade and exchanges may promote this process. We will provide new and valuable information to strengthening surveillance and control of B. abortus brucellosis in China.

Objective To analyze the epidemiological surveillance results of human brucellosis in Shanxi Province from 2012 to 2017,to know the epidemic status of brucellosis,and to provide evidence for prevention and control of brucellosis.Methods Incidence date and surveillance date of disease outbreaks in Shanxi Province from 2012 to 2017 were collected,the retrospective analysis method was used to analysis the "three distribution" of brucellosis,outbreak situation and the results of serological and pathogenic surveillance in the 4 surveillance stations.Results A total of 36 220 brucellosis cases were reported from 2012 to 2017,the average incidence was 16.62/100 000;8 540 brucellosis cases were reported in 2014,with incidence 23.53/100 000;a total of 23 197 cases of brucellosis were reported mainly in Datong,Shuozhou,Jinzhong and Xinzhou,accounting for 64.04％ of the province total.The onset was seasonal,and the peak of the epidemic was from March to August,accounting for 67.23％ (24 350/36 220).The brucellosis cases were mainly youth (23 084),male (28 317),farmers and herdsman (32 616).In the 4 surveillance stations of the brucellosis,39 140 cases were investigated,of which 10 536 cases did serological test,in which 585 were positive for Brucella (5.55％).The highest positive rate of serological test was 9.50％ (226/2 738) which was found in Tianzhen.A total of 626 samples carried out pathogen culture,in which 107 strains of brucellosis were detected,the detection rate was 17.09％,and 106 strains Brucella were melitensis biovar 3 of the total strains except 1 mutant.Conclusions The reported incidence in Shanxi Province is in a decline tendency,but the situation of brucellosis epidemic is still relatively serious.It is suggested that the surveillance work should be strengthened;the epidemic situation of brucellosis should be mastered in time and effectively controlled.

布鲁氏菌病是由布鲁氏菌感染引起的人兽共患传染病,严重威胁着人类和动物的生命健康,影响人类正常的生产生活.在丝绸之路沿线的意大利、德国、土耳其、伊朗、吉尔吉斯斯坦、哈萨克斯坦等国均有布病的流行.各国针对布病均采取了一些措施,动物感染前的疫苗接种和动物感染后的检疫-屠杀政策对控制布病起到明显的效果.控制患病家畜,做好养殖场卫生工作,加大对牧区居民的布病防治知识宣传,切断动物传染给人的途径,可有效控制人间布病的发生.

目的 系统分析1950-2018年山西省布鲁氏菌病病原学特征,为深入分析布鲁氏菌病的流行病学特征提供参考信息.方法 对全省69年间检出布鲁氏菌资料按照1950-1981、1982-1991和1992-2018年3个阶段特别对分离到布鲁氏菌按照时间、地区、宿主材料分离情况及优势菌株进行统计分析.结果 1950-2018年山西省从5种宿主的不同材料中分离到牛、羊、猪种3种共417株布鲁氏菌,其中羊种布鲁氏菌331株、牛种1株、猪种1株、布鲁氏菌非典型菌株1株、未定种83株.结论 山西省是羊种为主的羊、牛、猪种布鲁氏菌混合疫区,1950-1981、1982-1991年以羊1型、羊2型为优势菌种演变为当前以羊种3型为优势菌种,羊种布鲁氏菌可能有宿主转移现象.

目的 探讨多位点序列分型(MLST)技术在新疆人间布鲁氏菌病分离株遗传进化研究中的应用价值,了解分离株的种群结构和遗传进化关系.方法 采用MLST对2015、2016年分离自新疆7个地州的24株人间布鲁氏菌病分离株和3株布鲁氏菌标准参考菌株进行分析,统计各菌株序列型(STs),运用BioNumerics软件构建菌株最小进化树,分析菌株间遗传关系;收集过往研究的186株全国不同地区布鲁氏菌分离株MLST结果,分析各ST型分布特点.结果 24株人间布鲁氏菌分离株全部为ST8型,3株标准参考菌株(羊种16M、牛种544A、猪种1330S)分别为ST7型、ST1型、ST14型;24株人间布鲁氏菌分离株的9个MLST位点变异完全相同,分离株种群结构单一.ST8型菌是我国主要流行的布鲁氏菌,且以北方流行为主;MLST能较好的区分布鲁氏菌种别,但不能有效区分生物型别.结论 ST8型菌(羊种3型)是新疆人间布鲁氏菌病的主要流行菌株,MLST技术可作为人间布鲁氏菌种群结构和遗传进化关系研究的补充手段.

目的 了解新疆塔城和喀什地区团场职业人群布鲁菌病(简称布病)感染菌种与流行情况.方法 2015年9月,采取虎红平板凝集、试管凝集试验和PCR核酸检测技术对新疆塔城地区和喀什地区团场职业人群(其中包括牧民、半农半牧、兽医)和非职业人群(包括学生和干部)进行血清学和布鲁菌分子生物学检测.PCR阳性产物送往上海生工生物工程股份有限公司进行测序,序列结果用GenBank网页中基本定位比对搜索工具(BLAST)进行在线检索比对,将序列上传至美国国立生物技术信息中心(NCBI).结果 共检测546份血样,其中男性300人,年龄(55±15)岁;女性246人,年龄(54±12)岁.布病血清学检测阳性率为17.58％(96/546),PCR检测阳性率为6.78％(37/546),PCR阳性率低于血清学的阳性率,二者比较差异有统计学意义(x2=29.8,P＜ 0.05).测序结果比对分析显示,外膜蛋白omp22和omp2两对基因与美国威斯康星州流产种布鲁菌(LT651712)相似性均为100.00％(253/253、863/863 bp),阳性核酸确定为流产种布鲁菌.结论 布病在新疆部分畜牧业为主的团场职业人群中存在高感染率,感染菌种为流产种布鲁菌,应加强对职业人群的健康教育和对布病的预防宣传,降低感染率.

目的 调查内蒙古羊种布鲁氏菌的传播模式和流行规律.方法 采用AMOS-PCR对60株布鲁氏菌的种型进行鉴定,用Hunter-Gaston Diversity Index(HGDI)评价菌株的遗传多态性特征,采用MLVA-16分型方法对菌株进行基因分型,确定菌株的亲缘关系.结果 60株试验菌全部为羊种布鲁氏菌.MLVA-16对菌株具有极高的分辨力,多态性指数为0.981;Panel1,Panel 2A和Panel 2B的多态性指数分别为0.264,0.345和0.980;Panel 2B中Bru16位点的多态性指数最高,多态性指数为0.835.60株羊种布鲁氏菌聚为5大类37个基因型,其中15个共享基因型包括38株羊种布鲁氏菌,聚类率为63.3％(38/60),提示病例多为有流行病学关联的暴发流行;另外22株菌表现为独特基因型表明菌株无明显的流行病学相关性.共享基因型GT5包括2株分别分离自羊和骆驼的菌株且有相同的MLVA-16基因型,提示布鲁氏菌在羊和骆驼中循环传播;3个共享基因型(GT11、GT17和GT23)分别包含来自人和羊的菌株并呈现完全相同的MLVA-16基因型,表明羊是人间布病的传染源.GT35由3株分离自羊脾的菌株构成且共享相同的基因型,提示布病在羊中呈暴发流行.类群E由12个来自不同宿主(羊,牛,野生骆驼和人)的菌株构成,共享相同或相似的MLVA-16基因型,揭示了内蒙古羊种布鲁氏菌潜在的传播模式.结论 疫羊是主要传染源,野生动物(骆驼)是贮藏宿主.羊种布鲁氏菌在羊牛(骆驼)和骆驼(羊牛)中相互循环传播,最后传染给人是内蒙古羊种布鲁氏菌的潜在传播模式.

Objective To screen the most suitable medium for Brucella drug susceptibility test, and observe the resistance of human derived Brucella to different antibiotics. Methods Totally 180 strains of Brucella isolated from 25 provinces (municipalities, autonomous regions) in recent years were taken as observation objects. Mueller-Hinton ( MH ) agar , MH blood agar and Brinell agar were used to carried out the drug susceptibility test in vitro, and to compare the results of drug susceptibility test of different medium; the most suitable Brucella drug susceptibility test medium was used to detect the resistance of human derived Brucella to Doxycycline, Rifampicin, Streptomycin, Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin, Ceftriaxone sodium, Co-trimoxazole and Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid by K-B drug sensitive paper, and to observe the formation of antibacterial ring around the drug sensitive paper. Results The growth of Brucella on the MH agar and MH blood agar were slower than that on the Brinell agar, and the antibacterial rings were not obvious. All the 180 strains of Brucella were sensitive to seven antibiotics such as Doxycycline, Rifampicin, Streptomycin, Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin, Ceftriaxone sodium, and Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid; and 70 strains of Brucella were resistant to Co-trimoxazole, accounting for 39％ (70/180); Brucella strains resistant to Co-trimoxazole were found in 21 provinces. Conclusions Brinell agar is the most suitable medium for Brucella susceptibility test. The human derived Brucella is resistant to Co-trimoxazole; the resistant strains are distributed in 21 provinces ( municipalities , autonomous regions ) . It is recommended that relevant departm ents of the province ( municipalities , autonomous regions ) carry out epidemiological investigations on the resistance of Brucella, and strengthen the monitoring of drug resistance in clinical drugs of brucellosis patients.

布病是由布鲁氏菌属细菌引起的一种重要的人兽共患病,在世界范围内广泛分布.布病不仅可导致巨大的经济损失,也是威胁人群健康的主要风险因素.布鲁氏菌外膜蛋白是主要的免疫和保护性抗原,不仅与布鲁氏菌的毒力和细胞内生存有密切的关联,而且对开发和建立新型的特异性血清学诊断方法具有重要的意义.本文对布鲁氏菌的重要外膜蛋白的研究进展予以综述,从而更好的理解布鲁氏菌表面蛋白的抗原特性,为建立布病实验室诊断方法和新型疫苗研发提供参考.