堆外核测量系统源量程测量通道设计使用涂硼正比计数管,研制了一种高灵敏度探测器,设计并搭建出一套源量程探测装置.给出了热中子灵敏度、堆上试验条件及试验方法,对探测装置灵敏度、甄别阈特性、高压坪特性、计数率线性及测量范围等指标进行试验验证.测试结果表明,该探测装置具有优良的辐射性能,热中子灵敏度可达 22 s-1/(cm-2·s-1),高压坪特性坪长为 150 V,坪斜为 28.3％/100 V,探测器输出脉冲计数率与中子注量率有显著的线性符合,中子注量率测量上限可达到 1×105 cm-2·s-1,符合堆外核测量系统源量程通道的使用要求,可广泛应用于核电及船用堆外核测量监测系统.

In order to ensure the effective supervision of safety criticality during the initial loading and refueling of the reactor and prevent critical accidents during the core loading, the primary loading system of the nuclear reactor is developed. The system detector assembly, monitoring cabinet, measuring channel cabinet and lifting scheme are designed in detail, and the system is fully tested and verified. The detector assembly with boron coated proportional counter tube as the core is designed with pressure resistance and sealing structure, and the integrated high shielding anti-interference cable design is adopted to ensure the stability of signal transmission. The signal processing device adopts the form of cabinet and plug-in box to realize the functions of signal conditioning, pulse counting, alarm display, cycle value calculation and historical record. The isolation design of the signal processing and display plug-in of the measurement channel box further ensures the reliability of the system. Through test and verification, the system’s water pressure tightness, radiation characteristics and stability can meet the requirements of neutron flux rate monitoring during the initial loading process. It has been applied to units 3 and 4 of Fangchenggang nuclear power station.

为验证涂硼正比计数管在高中子通量密度下的辐射性能参数,搭建出符合实际工程应用的测量通道.通过提升反应堆不同功率台阶的方法,分别对涂硼正比计数管探测器性能进行堆上试验验证.堆上试验结果表明:自主研制的涂硼正比计数管探测器满足设计要求,可应用于核电厂堆外核测量系统源量程测量通道.

为了能够监测核电站运行、核动力舰船环境、核应急救援等核污染区域的α,β,γ和中子放射性水平,设计一种低功耗便携式多功能核辐射探测系统,该研究主要由低功耗便携式辐射监测仪主机和与主机配套的多功能探测器组成.监测仪主机为内置电池供电,可同时处理3个探测器传来的信号.多功能便携式辐射监测仪探测器包括α/β/γ探测器,β/γ探测器,中子/γ探测器3种小型智能化探测器.实验结果表明:该系统对γ射线的测量相对误差为11.17％,对α粒子和β射线2π平均探测效率约分别为32.15％和31.9％,中子测量的相对误差为19.56％,性指标能满足船舰、军事、核应急等放射性探测应用.

目的:探讨食管鳞癌组织中E-cadherin蛋白表达对术后预后的影响.方法:5 620例1985年至2016年间收集的食管鳞癌患者生物样本及临床病理信息均来自河南省食管癌重点开放实验室建立的50万例食管癌和贲门癌临床信息数据库,利用组织芯片和SP免疫组化法测定患者食管鳞癌组织中E-cadherin的表达.结果:男性患者中,分化程度低、淋巴结转移阳性、病理分期晚的患者E-cadherin表达强于分化程度高、淋巴结转移阴性、病理分期早者(P＜0.05).女性患者中,淋巴结转移阳性、病理分期晚的患者E-cadherin表达强于淋巴结转移阴性、病理分期早者(P＜0.05).Cox回归分析结果显示,E-cadherin阳性表达不是女性患者术后预后的独立影响因素(P=0.089);但是男性患者的术后预后独立危险因素,HR(95％ CI)为1.126(1.066～1.189).结论:癌组织中E-cadherin蛋白阳性表达是食管鳞癌男性患者术后预后的危险因素.

Objective To characterize the prevalence of reflux esophagitis(RE)and esophageal cancer family history on the residents in the Shicun village from Linzhou,Henan the high incidence area for esophageal cancer.To further provide the basic data for the pathogenesis research of EC.Methods The questionnaire was performed on 508subjects from 334households in Shicun village.The survey contents included the general information,upper gastrointestinal disease history and family history of esophageal cancer and so on.Excel and SPSS 18.0software were applied to data analysis.Results There were 28people with a score of RE for more than 12points were 28people,accounting for 5.5% of those surveyed,among them,8(28.6%)people were male,20(71.4%)people were females.The fifty two(15.57%)family had esophageal cancer history in the survey of 334families.Conclusion The reflux esophagitis in Henan high-incidence area for esophageal cancer was significantly lower than in Western countries,and familial aggregation of esophageal cancer is very common,suggesting that the model of esophageal carcinogenesis may be different between China and Western countries.

Nat. Genet. 42, 759–763 (2010); published online 22 August 2010; corrected after print 27 August 2014 In contrast to the version of this article initially published, the authors now find no evidence to support association with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma susceptibility for rs13042395[T] at 20p13 in their original data, in two independent sets of cases and controls collected in other Chinese populations or in the joint analysis of these three studies.

目的 加深对食管癌关键预后影响因素的了解.方法 通过入户或电话问卷调查及生存随访,采用卡方检验、Kaplan-Meier生存曲线和Log rank检验及Cox生存分析模型,分析1973-2011年间5 999例女性和9 918例男性食管癌患者的生存差异及主要影响因素.结果 女性患者生存期显著高于男性(P=5.8E-25).男性患者淋巴结转移率高于女性患者(P=2.7E-12),且T3、T4检出率明显高于女性患者,但是女性患者Tis、T1和T2检出率高于男性(P=1.2E-14);男、女性患者肿瘤分化程度相似(P=0.66).根据TNM分期进行早、中、晚期分类,女性早期癌患者比例高于男性(13.9％ vs.10.8％,P=3.8E-9),而中晚期患者的比例低于男性(86.1％ vs.89.2％,P=3.8E-9).多因素Cox回归分析提示,女性为食管癌预后生存期长的保护因素,而淋巴结转移阳性和浸润程度(T)加深为危险因素.结论 女性患者生存期明显长于男性患者且为食管癌预后独立影响因素(保护因素);女性患者淋巴结转移和浸润程度(T3、T4)均低于男性检出率,是影响食管癌预后的独立危险因素.

目的 探讨肿瘤体积对食管癌患者生存期的影响,加深对食管癌关键预后影响因素的了解.方法 通过入户或电话问卷调查及生存随访,采用卡方检验、Kaplan Meier生存曲线和Log Rank检验及COX生存分析模型,分析肿瘤体积≤6 cm3,6～18 cm3和≥18 cm3时对食管癌患者的生存期的影响.结果 成功随访5 723例(95.8％),其中男性3 666例,女性2 057例.随着肿瘤体积的增大患者生存期渐差(P=1.53E-13).女性体积≤6cm3患者明显多于男性,而体积≥18 cm3的患者明显少于男性(P＜0.05),女性患者生存期显著优于男性患者(P=4.24E-8).值得指出的是,青年组(≤50)体积≤6 cm3的患者少于中老年组,而体积≥18 cm3的患者明显多于中老年组(P ＜0.05),但青年患者生存期优于中老年患者(P=1.74E-9).淋巴结转移阳性组肿瘤体积≤6 cm3患者少于淋巴结转移阴性组(P＜0.05),生存期明显差于淋巴结转移阴性组(P=1.42E-59).随着浸润程度的加深,肿瘤体积增大(P =4.58E-23),患者生存期渐差(P=6.92E-16).COX多因素生存分析模型提示,肿瘤体积是影响食管癌患者生存期的独立因素(P =0.005).结论 随着肿瘤体积的增大患者生存期渐差,肿瘤体积是影响食管癌患者生存期的独立因素.

In this paper we reported a rare case for the old age of patient with esophageal cancer.104years old male patient was initially admitted to hospital because of swallow difficulty.Endoscopy showed that at 35cm from the incisors,the mucosa was stiff with one irregular new lumps which is crisp,bleeding on touch,and resisted the gastroscopy to go through.Pathological diagnosis was esophageal small cell carcinoma.Then,he was sent to Linzhou for esophageal lumen catheter.About a month later he died of esophageal block by overeating.

Aim:To study the influence of AHDC1 genetic variation and changes in clinicopathology on survival of esophageal cancer(EC)patients from the high- and low-incidence areas,and to highlight the molecular mechanism of EC prognosis.Methods:Home interview,questionnaire,telephone follow-up and hospital pathology verification were applied to get the clinical pathology and survival data of 3 478 cases of EC.Fasting peripheral blood samples were collected for each patient.The Taqman method was used to detect the variation of rs4908343 locus on AHDC1 gene.Results:Five-year survival rate of the patients with AA/AG genotypes of AHDC1 was higher than those with GG genotype(χ2=6.650,P=0.010).The patients with superficial infiltration,without lymph node metastasis,at early stage,accepted surgery,or living in high-incidence area of EC had higher 5-year survival rate(χ2=52.756,39.087,61.314,75.635,175.205,P0.05).Cox multivariable analysis showed that GG genotype of AHDC1,advanced stage,and low-incidence area were the independent prognostic factors for EC patients(P0.05).Conclusion:Cenotype of AHDC1 gene,clinical stage and high- and low-incidence area are important factors affecting the prognosis of EC patients.

Aim: To investigate the influences of the number of surgically resected lymph nodes ( LNs-r) and the num-ber of metastatic lymph nodes( LNs-m) on survival of the postoperative patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma ( ESCC) . Methods: The questionnaire,home interview and/or telephone follow-up and hospital pathology verification were performed on 1 573 ESCC patients from ESCC high-incidence area and treated with surgery alone during 1976 ～ 2002. All the patients were followed up for more than 10 years. Results: Significant differences in the survival curve based on Ka-plan-Meier method were found among the patients with 1 ～ 6,7 ～ 12,and ≥13 LNs-r( χ 2 = 15. 379,P 0. 001) and among the patients with 0,1 ～ 2,3 ～ 6,and ≥7 LNs-m( χ 2 = 180. 182,P 0. 001) . The results of Cox regression analysis modelshowed that the patients with more LNs-r number or less LNs-m number would get longer survival time( P 0. 001) . Con-clusion: Increase in LNs-r number was benefit,while increase in LNs-m number was risk for the prognosis of ESCC.

Abstract Lymph node (LN) metastasis has been recognized as one of the most important factors for poor prognosis of esophageal cancer (EC). However, the influence of dissected LN number on metastatic detection rate and survival in EC has not been well documented. The present study was undertaken to correlate the total number of dissected LN, metastatic detection rate and survival on 10,382 EC patients. All the patients had been performed surgical treatment and confirmed as esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) by histopathological examination. The patients were from Henan, Hebei and Shanxi provinces, the high incidence areas for EC in northern China, including 6,375 males with a mean age of 58±9 and 4,007 females with a mean age of 59±9. Of the patients, 2,714 cases have been followed up by interview at home until July, 2010. Eight EC groups had been classified based on the total number of dissected LN (1-3, 4-5, 6-7, 8-9, 10-11, 12-13, 14-16 and ≥17). The results showed that the positive metastatic detection rate apparently increased with the total extended dissected LN number (P< 0.05) until reaching the level with a total of 17 or more dissected LN. 5-year survival analysis showed that the patients without LN metastasis had a higher survival rate than those with LN metastasis in all seven groups (P<0.05) except the group with ≥17. Interestingly, the survival rate was similar in the group of ≥17 between the patients with positive or negative LN (P>0.05). We concluded that the total dissected LN number could affect the survival rate for EC and that a total of 10 to 16 dissected LN should be recommended for EC surgical treatment. (supported by Innovation Scientists and Technicians Troop Construction Projects of Henan Province). Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5525. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5525

Genome-wide association studies have identified susceptibility loci for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). We conducted a meta-analysis of all single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that showed nominally significant P-values in two previously published genome-wide scans that included a total of 2961 ESCC cases and 3400 controls. The meta-analysis revealed five SNPs at 2q33 with P< 5 × 10(-8), and the strongest signal was rs13016963, with a combined odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of 1.29 (1.19-1.40) and P= 7.63 × 10(-10). An imputation analysis of 4304 SNPs at 2q33 suggested a single association signal, and the strongest imputed SNP associations were similar to those from the genotyped SNPs. We conducted an ancestral recombination graph analysis with 53 SNPs to identify one or more haplotypes that harbor the variants directly responsible for the detected association signal. This showed that the five SNPs exist in a single haplotype along with 45 imputed SNPs in strong linkage disequilibrium, and the strongest candidate was rs10201587, one of the genotyped SNPs. Our meta-analysis found genome-wide significant SNPs at 2q33 that map to the CASP8/ALS2CR12/TRAK2 gene region. Variants in CASP8 have been extensively studied across a spectrum of cancers with mixed results. The locus we identified appears to be distinct from the widely studied rs3834129 and rs1045485 SNPs in CASP8. Future studies of esophageal and other cancers should focus on comprehensive sequencing of this 2q33 locus and functional analysis of rs13016963 and rs10201587 and other strongly correlated variants.

We performed a genome-wide association study of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) by genotyping 1,077 individuals with ESCC and 1,733 control subjects of Chinese Han descent. We selected 18 promising SNPs for replication in an additional 7,673 cases of ESCC and 11,013 control subjects of Chinese Han descent and 303 cases of ESCC and 537 control subjects of Chinese Uygur-Kazakh descent. We identified two previously unknown susceptibility loci for ESCC: PLCE1 at 10q23 (P(Han combined for ESCC) = 7.46 x 10(-56), odds ratio (OR) = 1.43; P(Uygur-Kazakh for ESCC) = 5.70 x 10(-4), OR = 1.53) and C20orf54 at 20p13 (P(Han combined for ESCC) = 1.21 x 10(-11), OR = 0.86; P(Uygur-Kazakh for ESCC) = 7.88 x 10(-3), OR = 0.66). We also confirmed association in 2,766 cases of gastric cardia adenocarcinoma cases and the same 11,013 control subjects (PLCE1, P(Han for GCA) = 1.74 x 10(-39), OR = 1.55 and C20orf54, P(Han for GCA) = 3.02 x 10(-3), OR = 0.91). PLCE1 and C20orf54 have important biological implications for both ESCC and GCA. PLCE1 might regulate cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis and angiogenesis. C20orf54 is responsible for transporting riboflavin, and deficiency of riboflavin has been documented as a risk factor for ESCC and GCA.

Li Dong Wang and colleagues report a genome wide association study for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in the Chinese population. They identify two risk loci at PLCE1 and C20orf54 .