203 bZIP members were identified in each G. barbadence and G. hirsutum and GhbZIP017 from the A subfamily was a novel drought-related member in cotton. The basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors are widely distributed in plants, but the evolutionary history is still unclear in allotetraploid Gossypium barbadense and Gossypium hirsutum. In this study, 203 bZIP members were identified in each G. barbadense and G. hirsutum. The bZIP members could be further divided into 13 subfamilies. A total of 227 gene duplication events were discovered in two allotetraploid cotton species and mainly occurred in the cotton ancestor. Furthermore, the bZIP family had a conserved evolutionary history in two allotetraploid cotton species. Meanwhile, the bZIP members had tissue-specific expression levels. Moreover, through the RNA-seq analysis, GhbZIP017 from the A subfamily played an important role in drought stress response. GhbZIP017 was localized in the nucleus and acted as a transcriptional repressor. The expression levels of GhbZIP017 in leaves and roots could be highly induced by drought stress. GhbZIP017 overexpression in Arabidopsis could enhance drought tolerance with a higher survival rate, lower membrane ion leakage, higher SOD and POD activity, lower MDA content, and higher expression levels of some drought-related genes. Overall, these results could help us uncover the evolutionary history of the bZIP members in cotton and provide a candidate gene GhbZIP017 for drought breeding in G. hirsutum.

[Objective]The aim of this study was to explore the effects of nitrogen fertilizer management on rice yield and quality under rice shrimp rotation mode.[Method]Using Yexiangyou Mingyuesimiao and Nongxiang 42 as experimental materials,different nitrogen application mounts and ratios at different stages were designed.[Result]With a 15%or 30%reduction based on the conventional nitrogen application amount(195 kg/hm2),the yield of Yexiangyou Mingyuesimiao did not significantly decrease,while the yield of Nongxiang 42 significantly increased.When the ratio of basal fertilizer:tillering fertilizer:panicle fertilizer was 4∶4∶2,the number of grains per panicle,seed setting rate and 1 000-grain weight of Yexiangyoumingyuesimiao were the highest,and the yield was the highest.When the ratio of basal fertilizer:tillering fertilizer:panicle fertilizer was 5∶3∶2,the effective panicle number per unit area,grain number per panicle,seed setting rate and 1 000-grain weight of Nongxiang 42 were the largest,and the yield was the highest.With the decrease of nitrogen application rate,the milled rice rate of Yexiangyou Mingyuesimiao and amylose content was significantly increased,while the protein content was significantly reduced.The peak viscosity and breakdown viscosity showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing,reaching their maximums with the nitrogen application amount of 165.8 kg/hm2.When the ratio of basal fertilizer:tillering fertilizer:panicle fertilizer was 4∶4∶2 for Yexiangyou Mingyuesimiao and 5∶3∶2 for Nongxiang 42,the milled rice rate,head milled rice rate,gel consistency,peak viscosity and breakdown viscosity were the highest,while chalky grain rate,chalkiness degree,and amylose content were the lowest.[Conclusion]Under the rice-shrimp rotation system,reducing nitrogen application rate by 15%-30%and applying nitrogen at a ratio of 4∶4∶2 or 5∶3∶2 is beneficial to rice nitrogen efficiency,high quality and high yield.

Key messageGenetic editing of grain size genes quickly improves three-line hybrid rice parents to increase the appearance quality and yield of hybrid rice.AbstractGrain size affects rice yield and quality. In this study, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to edit the grain size gene GW8 in the maintainer line WaitaiB (WTB) and restorer line Guanghui998 (GH998). The new slender sterile line WTEA (gw8) was obtained in the BC2F1 generation by transferring the grain mutation of the maintainer plant to the corresponding sterile line WantaiA (WTA, GW8) in the T1 generation. Two slender restorer lines, GH998E1 (gw8(II)) and GH998E2 (gw8(I)), were obtained in T1 generation. In the early stage, new sterile and restorer lines in grain mutations were created by targeted editing of GS3, TGW3, and GW8 genes. These parental lines were mated to detect the impact of grain-type mutations on hybrid rice yield and quality. Mutations in gs3, gw8, and tgw3 had a minimal impact on agronomic traits except the grain size and thousand-grain weight. The decrease in grain width in the combination mainly came from gw8/gw8, gs3/gs3 increased the grain length, gs3/gs3-gw8/gw8 had a more significant effect on the grain length, and gs3/gs3-gw8/gw8(I) contributed more to grain length than gs3/gs3-gw8/gw8(II). The heterozygous TGW3/tgw3 may not significantly increase grain length. Electron microscopy revealed that the low-chalky slender-grain variety had a cylindrical grain shape, a uniform distribution of endosperm cells, and tightly arranged starch grains. Quantitative fluorescence analysis of endospermdevelopment-related genes showed that the combination of slender grain hybrid rice caused by gs3 and gw8 mutations promoted endosperm development and improved appearance quality. An appropriate grain size mutation resulted in hybrid rice varieties with high yield and quality.

Background D-type cyclins (CYCD) regulate the cell cycle G 1 /S transition and are thus closely involved in cell cycle progression. However, little is known about their functions in rice. Results We identified 14 CYCD genes in the rice genome and confirmed the presence of characteristic cyclin domains in each. The expression of the OsCYCD genes in different tissues was investigated. Most OsCYCD genes were expressed at least in one of the analyzed tissues, with varying degrees of expression. Ten OsCYCD proteins could interact with both retinoblastoma-related protein (RBR) and A-type cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKA) forming holistic complexes, while OsCYCD3;1, OsCYCD6;1, and OsCYCD7;1 bound only one component, and OsCYCD4;2 bound to neither protein. Interestingly, all OsCYCD genes except OsCYCD7;1, were able to induce tobacco pavement cells to re-enter mitosis with different efficiencies. Transgenic rice plants overexpressing OsCYCD2;2 , OsCYCD6;1 , and OsCYCD7;1 (which induced cell division in tobacco with high-, low-, and zero-efficiency, respectively) were created. Higher levels of cell division were observed in both the stomatal lineage and epidermal cells of the OsCYCD2;2- and OsCYCD6;1 -overexpressing plants, with lower levels seen in OsCYCD7;1 -overexpressing plants. Conclusions The distinct expression patterns and varying effects on the cell cycle suggest different functions for the various OsCYCD proteins. Our findings will enhance understanding of the CYCD family in rice and provide a preliminary foundation for the future functional verification of these genes.

Background: Oryza longistaminata, despite exhibiting robust rhizomes, elongated stamen and resilience against stresses, is unable to achieve self-pollination due to its inability to produce compatible female and male gametes within the same individual plant. Although the observed sterility may appear daunting, the distinct features of elongated anthers, substantial pollen grains, and a big pollen grain count offer breeders a desirable paternal line for hybridization and the intricate biological processes and profound implications during this pivotal stage of anther development remain enigmatic, piquing the curiosity of researchers. Results: Through a rigorous multi-omics analysis during the anther development from the OlACD to OlAP stage, we discovered intricate correlations between alterations in methylation levels, siRNA variations, and transcriptional regulation within regulatory pathways, and the development of the anther during various fertile stages. This revelation highlights the intricate interplay between epigenetic and siRNA regulation in gene expression modulation. Our analysis pinpointed seven promising candidate genes, with a particular focus on IPA1. Phenotypic alterations in ipa1 mutants and overexpression miR156 revealed contrasting patterns in anther length and abundance and size of pollen grain, while 5’-Azacytidine treatment resulted in the opposite phenotype. Conclusion: In essence, recent advancements in rice anther development are governed by two mechanisms: miR156-mediated IPA1DNA hyper-methylation leading to transcriptional gene silencing (TGS) and miR156silencing IPA1 expression through degradation and inhibition of complementary IPA1 mRNAs, resulting in post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS), both working synergistically to ensure precise regulation of rice anther development.

The ability of various pests and diseases to adapt to a single plant resistance gene over time leads to loss of resistance in transgenic rice. Therefore, introduction of different pest and disease resistance genes is critical for successful cultivation of transgenic rice strains with broad-spectrum resistance to multiple pathogens. Here, we produced resistance rice lines with multiple, stacked resistance genes by stacking breeding and comprehensively evaluated their resistance to Chilo suppressalis (striped rice stemborer), Magnaporthe oryzae (rice blast), and Nilaparvata lugens (brown planthopper) in a pesticide-free environment. CRY1C and CRY2A are exogenous genes from Bacillus thuringiensis. Pib, Pikm, and Bph29 are natural genes in rice. CH121TJH was introduced into CRY 1C, Pib, Pikm, and Bph29. CH891TJH and R205XTJH were introduced into CRY 2A, Pib, Pikm, and Bph29. Compared with those observed in their recurrent parents, CH121TJH significantly increased the mortality of borers. The other two lines CH891TJH and R205XTJH are the same result. Three lines introduction of Pib and Pikm significantly reduced the area of rice blast lesions, and introduction of Bph29 significantly reduced seedling mortality from N. lugens. Introduction of the exogenous genes had relatively few effects on agronomic and yield traits of the original parents. These findings suggest that stacking of rice resistance genes through molecular marker-assisted backcross breeding can confer broad spectrum and multiple resistance in differently genetic backgrounds.

The extent of molecular diversity and differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in transgenic lines provide valuable information to understand the phenotypic performance of transgenic crops compared with their parents. Here, we compared the differences in the phenotypic variation of twelve agronomic and end-use quality traits, the extent of microsatellite diversity, and DEPs of a recurrent parent line with three transgenic rice restorer lines carrying either CRY1C gene on chromosome 11 or CRY2A gene on chromosome 12 or both genes. The three transgenic lines had significantly smaller stem borer infestation than the recurrent parent without showing significant differences among most agronomic traits, yield components, and end-use quality traits. Using 512 microsatellite markers, the three transgenic lines inherited 2.9-4.3% of the Minghui 63 donor genome and 96.3-97.1% of the CH891 recurrent parent genome. As compared with the recurrent parent, the number of upregulated and down-regulated proteins in the three transgenic lines varied from 169 to 239 and from 131 to 199, respectively. Most DEPs were associated with the secondary metabolites biosynthesis transport and catabolism, carbohydrate transport and metabolism, post-translational modification, and signal transduction mechanisms. Although several differentially expressed proteins were observed between transgenic rice and its recurrent parent, the differences may not have been associated with grain yield and most other phenotypic traits in transgenic rice.

Cadmium (Cd) pollution and uptake into the grains of developing rice plants represent a major threat to human health. Studies of specific genes can offer new insights into the functional roles of particular genes, highlighting candidate alleles that can be leveraged as DNA markers. Accordingly, the identification of novel Cd-related traits and sequence variants can provide new molecular markers for Cd resistance in rice. In the present study, a genetic diversity analysis was carried out on 85 rice varieties exhibiting varied Cd accumulation, and 436 single polymorphic sites (SNP) corresponding to 43 haplotypes were detected across 12 Cd-associated genes (CAL1, OsCADT1, Oscd1, OsHMA4, OsHMA9, OsNRAMP1, OsNRAMP2, OsNRAMP5, OsHMA2, OsHSMA3, OsPCR1, and OsABCG43). By utilizing the information of the SNPs, 85 rice varieties was classified the into 2 clusters with different source categories and Cd contents. Among the variants, 45 sites in 5 genes were significantly associated with the Cd content in rice grains, of which 8 alleles in OsPCR1, CAL1, and Oscd1 were negatively correlated with Cd accumulation. The results of haplotype aggregation analysis for OsPCR1, Oscd1, and CAL1 showed that 85 rice varieties were divided into 5 clusters. Interestingly, most of the varieties in Cluster A belonged to tropical type, which contained the aggregation of three favorable alleles, whereas the temperate varieties constituted the majority of Cluster B lacking favorable alleles. This observation suggests that the allelic combination found in tropical rice varieties may hold promise for reducing Cd accumulation levels in rice grains. The Cd-associated alleles identified in the present study can not only be used to check the Cd tolerance of rice varieties, but also serve as functional molecular markers to differentiate the source of the rice varieties, which provides a better understanding of the relationship between the sequence variation in Cd-related genes and Cd accumulation in rice.

A lack of stability in the expression of Bacillus thuringiensis genes (CRY) and the dialaninophosphate resistance gene (BAR) in transgenic rice plants can lead to the loss of important characters. The genetic stability of transgenic expression in high-generation lines is thus critically important for ensuring the success of molecular breeding efforts. Here, we studied the genetic stability of resistance to insect pests and herbicides in transgenic rice lines at the molecular and phenotypic levels in a pesticide-free environment. Southern blot analysis, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays revealed high stability in the copy numbers and expression levels of CRY1C, CRY2A, and BAR in transgenic lines across different generations, and gene expression levels were highly correlated with protein expression levels. The insecticide resistance of the transgenic rice lines was high. The larval mortality of Chilo suppressalis was 50.25% to 68.36% higher in transgenic lines than in non-transgenic control lines. Percent dead hearts and percent white spikelets were 16.66% to 22.15% and 27.07% to 33.47% lower in transgenic lines than in non-transgenic control lines, respectively. The herbicide resistance of the transgenic rice lines was also high. The bud length and root length ranged were 2.53 cm to 4.20 cm and 0.28 cm to 0.73 cm higher in transgenic lines than in non-transgenic control lines in the budding stage, respectively. Following application of the herbicide Basta, the chlorophyll content of the transgenic lines began to recover 2 d later in the seedling and tillering stages and 3 d later in the booting and heading stages, by contrast, the chlorophyll content of the non-transgenic lines did not recover and continued to decrease. These findings revealed high genetic stability of the resistance to insect pests and herbicides across several generations of transgenic rice regardless of the genetic background.

MAP65-3是植物胞质分裂的重要调节因子.为探究水稻OsMAP65-3基因的功能,本研究采用CRISPR/Cas9技术对水稻中OsMAP65-3基因(OsMAP65-3.1和OsMAP65-3.2)进行编辑.针对每个基因各设计了2个不同的靶位点,并将OsMAP65-3.1与OsMAP65-3.2的靶位点放在同一个载体上,构建了CSMAP65-3A和CSMAP65-3B 2个双基因编辑载体.通过农杆菌介导的遗传转化分别获得17和21个植株,PCR鉴定阳性植株分别为16和20株.对T0代植株靶位点附近序列进行测序分析,结果表明OsMAP65-3s基因均被成功编辑,OsMAP65-3.12个位点编辑效率为17.50％和9.38％,OsMAP65-3.2编辑效率为15.62％和45.00％;T0代已获得osmap65-3.2、osmap65-3.2/OsMAP65-3.1(+/-)和OsMAP65-3.2(+/-)/OsMAP65-3.1(+/-)材料.本研究为进一步创制OsMAP65-3s突变体,开展基因功能研究和水稻胞质分裂分子机制解析奠定了理论基础.

Abstract Omics techniques provide effective detection tools for assessing the potential impact of plant composition at the DNA, RNA, and protein levels. Among these, protein is the executor of gene function and the embodiment of biological traits, so that organisms show various genetic characteristics. Proteomics can be used to assess whether genetic engineering will lead to changes in plant traits beyond those introduced by conventional plant breeding. Here, we compare the extent of the proteome occurring in the leaves of three transgenic rice restore lines expressing CRY1C and CRY2A genes developed by genetic engineering and their corresponding recurrent parents developed by conventional breeding. CRY1C and CRY2A genes were inserted into chromosomes 11 and 12, respectively, which significantly improved the resistance of restore lines to Chilo suppressalis. Although differentially expressed proteins could be distinguished between transgenic rice and its recurrent parents, these differences were not sufficient to cause unintended effects on grain yield and quality traits of transgenic rice. In contrast, differences in phenotypic traits are more because of differences in genetic background. Functional cluster analysis showed that the differentially expressed proteins caused by the insertion of exogenous genes did not involve harmful metabolic pathways. The study successfully used 4D label-free quantitative proteomics technology to assess the unexpected changes in new rice varieties, and the results showed that transgenic rice did not cause unintended effects.

: Plant architecture is a compound trait integrated with multiple morphological and physiological traits, and it is closely related to rice yield. Deciphering excellent plant architecture alleles or QTLs is of great significance for high-yield rice breeding. In this study, we constructed a set of Changhui 121/Koshihikari chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) with the size of 208 in our laboratory. QTLs controlling plant height, flag leaf morphology, and tiller numbers were detected under three environments. A total of 35 QTLs for rice architecture were identified on 11 chromosomes except chromosome 9, and the range of the phenotypic variation explaining was 2.00%–22.86%. It was worth noting that qPH-1-1 , qFLW-6 , and qFLA-3 could be detected in three environments, among which qFLW-6 was a newly identified QTL of the flag leaf width. Phenotypic identification verified that the additive effects and environmental stability of the two locus alleles by the replacement lines carrying qPH-1-1 and sites. The results of this study laid the foundation for further fine mapping and cloning of QTLs for rice plant architecture and the molecular marker-assisted selection (MAS) in rice breeding.

In plants, MAP65 preferentially cross-links the anti-parallel microtubules (MTs) and plays an important role for cytokinesis. However, the functions of MAP65 isoforms in rice (Oryza sativa. L) are largely unknown. Here, we identified two MAP65-3 homologs in rice, OsMAP65-3.1 and OsMAP65-3.2. We found that both OsMAP65-3.1 and OsMAP65-3.2 were similar in dimerization and location to AtMAP65-3, and the expression of either rice genes driven by the AtMAP65-3 promoter suppressed the cytokinesis failure and growth defect of atmap65-3. However, OsMAP65-3.1 with native promoter also recovered the atmap65-3, but OsMAP65-3.2 with its own promoter had no effects. OsMAP65-3.1 but not OsMAP65-3.2 was actively expressed in tissues enriched with dividing cells. R1R2R3-Myb (MYB3R) transcription factors directly bound to the OsMAP65-3.1 promoter but not that of OsMAP65-3.2. Furthermore, osmap65-3.2 had no obvious phenotype, while either osmap65-3.1 or osmap65-3.1(+/-) was lethal. The eminent MTs around the daughter nuclei and cytokinesis defects were frequently observed in OsMAP65-3.1-defective plants. Taken together, our findings suggest that OsMAP65-3.1, rather than OsMAP65-3.2, plays essential roles in rice cytokinesis resulting from their differential expression which were passably directly regulated by OsMYB3Rs.

稻米蒸煮特性和感官食味品质是稻米品质的重要评价指标,其遗传复杂.为挖掘与利用优异的稻米品质基因,本研究利用籼稻昌恢121为受体亲本和优质粳稻越光为供体亲本构建的一套染色体片段置换系(CSSL),对稻米的吸水率(WA)、延伸率(CRE)和膨胀率(VE)3个蒸煮特性进行QTL定位.共检测到4个QTL,分布于第8和第11号染色体上.qWA-8、qCRE-8、qCRE-11和qVE-11的表型贡献率和加性效应值分别为25.05％、25.94％、27.95％、41.16％和-25.68、-8.00、8.30、30.31,其中位于第11号染色体上分子标记RM287附近的qCRE-11和qVE-11为新鉴定的QTL.对稻米蒸煮特性与感官食味品质性状进行相关性分析,发现两者之间无相关性,稻米蒸煮特性WA、CRE与VE之间两两呈极显著正相关,米饭外观(AP)、香味(ARM)、味道(TA)、口感(TE)和感官评分(SS)之间两两呈极显著正相关.本研究结果为了解稻米蒸煮特性与感官食味品质性状间的相互关系,挖掘优异等位基因以及稻米品质的遗传改良提供了一定的理论依据.

Semi-dwarfing improves the lodging resistance and yield of rice, and the vast majority of modern rice varieties harbor the sd1 allele to decrease plant height, resulting in reduced genetic diversity and negative agronomic traits. Thus, exploring alternative sources of dwarfism is imperative for rice breeding. Here, we identified a novel RGA1 allele, d1-w, from a local indica variety Xiaolixiang (XLX) using a map-based cloning approach. Compared with other rice varieties, RGA1 in XLX contained a unique single nucleotide polymorphism that resulted in an additional transcript and reduced functional RGA1 transcript level. The RGA1 from Nipponbare was introduced into XLX to estimate the value of d1-w in rice breeding. Compared with transgenic XLX plants (XLXD1), XLX exhibited reduced plant height, increased stem strength, lower reactive oxygen species accumulation, delayed senescence, stronger photosynthesis, higher grain yield and quality (including external, milling and nutritional qualities), and enhanced resistance to drought and Rhizoctonia solani. Therefore, we proposed that the d1-w allele has potential as an excellent dwarfism resource for rice breeding.

The insect resistance of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) transgenic rice (Oryza sativa L.) is mainly determined by the transcription of the CRY1C gene and the translation process of the Cry1C protein. With this in mind, we analyzed CRY1C expression and Cry1C protein content in a transgenic Bt insect-resistant restorer line and its F1 hybrids, evaluated the resistance to Chilo suppressalis of various lines of rice, and determined the 50% lethal concentration (LC50) of Cry1C for C. suppressalis. In four transgenic rice lines, the relative expression of CRY1C was highest at the heading stage in most tissues. Among different tissues from the same developmental stage, CRY1C expression was highest in leaves, followed by stems and panicles. The relative expression of CRY1C was higher in the parent restorer line than in the F1 hybrids. The LC50 of the Cry1C protein for C. suppressalis was 4.016 mu g g(-1), and the Cry1C protein expression level of transgenic insect-resistant rice exceeded this threshold at the heading stages and in stems. We next analyzed the lethality of each strain toward C. suppressalis. After 48 h, the mortality rate of second-instar C. suppressalis larvae feeding on transgenic stem tissue was higher at the heading stage than at the tiller stage and varied from 66.7 to 91.7%. By documenting the temporal and spatial expression of CRY1C and evaluating C. suppressalis resistance to Bt transgenic rice, the risk of pests and diseases during the rice production process can be greatly reduced.

BACKGROUND:Phytochromes are important photoreceptors in plants, and play essential roles in photomorphogenesis. The functions of PhyA and PhyB in plants have been fully analyzed, while those of PhyC in plant are not well understood.RESULTS:A rice mutant, late heading date 3 (lhd3), was characterized, and the gene LHD3 was identified with a map-based cloning strategy. LHD3 encodes phytochrome C in rice. Animo acid substitution in OsphyC disrupted its interaction with OsphyB or itself, restraining functional forms of homodimer or heterodimer formation. Compared with wild-type plants, the lhd3 mutant exhibited delayed flowering under both LD (long-day) and SD (short-day) conditions, and delayed flowering time was positively associated with the day length via the Ehd1 pathway. In addition, lhd3 showed a pale-green-leaf phenotype and a slower chlorophyll synthesis rate during the greening process. The transcription patterns of many key genes involved in photoperiod-mediated flowering and chlorophyll synthesis were altered in lhd3.CONCLUSION:The dimerization of OsPhyC is important for its functions in the regulation of chlorophyll synthesis and heading. Our findings will facilitate efforts to further elucidate the function and mechanism of OsphyC and during light signal transduction in rice.

Grain size is one of the major traits that determine rice grain yield and quality. The GS3 gene is the first major quantitative trait locus (QTL) that was identified in regulating rice grain length and weight. It was reported that the gs3 allele with a mutation in the organ size regulation (OSR) domain of the GS3 protein produced longer grains. In this study, we used the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology to introduce an edited gs3 allele into our indica maintainer line, Mei1B, to enhance its grain yield and quality. Through molecular analysis and sequencing, a homologous edited- gs3 mutant line without any transgene was obtained in the T 1 generation and was named Mei2B. A superior male sterile line Mei2A was generated by backcrossing the cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) line Mei1A with Mei2B. Mei2B had a higher grain quality and yield compared to its wild-type Mei1B. Its grain length increased by 7.9%, its length/width ratio increased from 3.89 to 4.19, TGW increased by 6.7%, and grain yield per plant increased by 14.9%. In addition, genetic improvement of other quality traits including brown rice length (6.83 mm), brown rice grain length/width ratio (3.61), matched the appearance standards set for traditional Simiao (silk seedling) type cultivars. Two restorer lines were outcrossed to both Mei1A and Mei2A to produce hybrid rice. Compared to two hybrids of Mei1A, the hybrids of Mei2A had longer grains, higher length/width ratio, TGW, and yield per plant. In addition, the hybrids of Mei2A showed a better grain appearance including better translucency, a lower chalky rice rate, and degree of chalkiness than the hybrids of Mei1A. These results demonstrated that the introduction of an elite gs3 allele into Mei1A via CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology led to significant genetic improvement of the rice grain. The resultant CMS line Mei2A( gs3 ) displayed much higher grain quality and yield than the original Mei1A. Therefore, our study demonstrated that the targeted genetic improvement via gene editing technology can enhance rice breeding, especially the breeding of three-line hybrid rice.

使用5个转Bt基因水稻恢复系作为父本,以12个不育系作为母本,根据5×12(NCII)不完全双列杂交设计配制60个组合,分析了这些组合的9个稻米品质性状的配合力及遗传参数.结果表明:精米率主要受基因加性效应的影响,整精米率、垩白粒率、碱消值、胶稠度主要受基因非加性效应互作的影响;除精米率主要受母本影响外,其余8个性状均受双亲交互作用的影响;垩白粒率和垩白度在后代遗传中主要受基因遗传作用的影响,可以在早代直接选择.配合力方差分析结果表明:精米率、垩白度及碱消值受环境因素的影响较大;昌恢891T为一般配合力较好的父本,华1165S为一般配合力较好的母本;原香39A/昌恢891T、泰乡1209A/昌恢T025T、昌盛843A/昌恢T025T为较优的组合,其中原香39A/昌恢891T的特殊配合力的综合评价最好.

[目的]水稻纹枯病的抗性鉴定易受环境中温度、湿度及水稻株高和生育期等的影响,不同学者在水稻抗纹枯病遗传研究中采用的接种鉴定方法不同,寻找一种科学的水稻抗纹枯病接种鉴定方法至关重要.[方法]以已知抗、感纹枯病差异明显的8个水稻品种为试验材料,比较评价了前人研发的8种水稻抗纹枯病接种鉴定方法:离体叶片法、苗期微室法、苗期雾室法、苗期Parafilm小袋法、成株期谷壳散布法、成株期田间嵌入法、成株期雾室法、成株期铝箔包裹法.[结果]水稻纹枯病主要是叶鞘病害,离体叶片法虽操作简单,但基于叶片部位接种的离体叶片法和Parafilm小袋法的鉴定结果与其它6种方法的结果不具有显著相关性,这2种方法不能真正反应水稻品种对纹枯病的抗性,不适用于水稻纹枯病的抗性鉴定.成株期谷壳散布法操作粗放,发病不一致,重复性较差,可作为前期大规模品种抗病的初步筛选,但不适合表型鉴定等要求准确量化的抗病QTL定位研究.成株期雾室法和铝箔包裹法虽然纹枯病抗性鉴定结果较准确,但操作繁琐,需要精确的控温、控湿和光照设备,同样不适合大规模的表型抗性鉴定.苗期微室法、苗期雾室法和成株期田间嵌入法操作相对简单,接种后抗性鉴定结果差异显著,与品种的实际抗性水平吻合,结果重复性好,3种方法之间的相关性均达极显著水平.[结论]苗期微室法、苗期雾室法和成株期田间嵌入法3种水稻纹枯病接种鉴定方法适合大规模水稻抗性鉴定和遗传分析,研究结果明确了简便、准确、客观、适用的水稻抗纹枯病鉴定方法,为水稻抗纹枯病鉴定和抗性遗传育种育种提供便利.