This study evaluated the potential health risks associated with plant growth regulators (PGRs) residues in bean sprouts from Shandong province, China. Among 1494 samples collected across 16 cities (2016-2020), 951 (63.65 %) tested positive for at least one PGR residue, with 759 (50.80 %) exceeding the maximum residue limits. Indolylacetic acid (IAA) was the most frequently detected PGR, followed by Chlorophenoxyacetic acid (4-CPA), 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BAP), Gibberellin and Indolebutyric acid (IBA), the latter three of which are banned in China. Additionally, 20.01 % (299 out of 1494) of the samples contained multiple residues, with two to three PGRs present simultaneously. The long-term health risk showed, the highest hazard quotients (HQs) and cumulative risk ranged from 0.00 to 0.05 and from 0.01 to 0.06, respectively, well below the acceptable threshold of 1. Among 5 detected PGRs, 4-CPA posed the highest maximum HQ, with peak values for both HQ and cumulative risk observed in males aged 6-11 years. Probabilistic exposure assessment revealed, the maximum HQs and the cumulative risk for PGRs ranged from 0.00 to 0.30 for the general population. For the consumer population, HQ values with 95 % confidence were 0.00 for all PGRs except for 4-CPA (0.00-0.01), with the cumulative risk of 0.01. Although the maximum HQs and the cumulative risk reached 1.98 and 1.99, respectively, the associated probability was <2.5 %. From a public health perspective, PGRs residues in bean sprouts may not cause serious health risks. However, stricter management and continued health risk assessment are recommended.

IntroductionIn recent years, the relationship between circadian rhythm and overweight and obesity has attracted the attention of many scholars.MethodsTo evaluate association between the duration of sleep and the regularity of breakfast and overweight. A total of 1,178 students from Qingdao University were selected by stratified cluster sampling. There were 601 males (24.69 ± 0.80 years old) and 569 females (24.54 ± 0.70 years old). We used body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) to define overweight levels. Chi-square test, Pearson correlation test, and logistic regression were applied to test association among overweight, sleep duration, sleep onset time, and breakfast regularity. Pittsburgh sleep quality index was used to assess the overall sleep quality of the study subjects. Mediation effect and Sobel test were used to analyze the effect of sleep duration on breakfast regularity and overweight.ResultsOnly 34.1% of the population ate breakfast every day, and eating breakfast 1–3 times per week was associated with a higher risk of overweight (BMI: OR = 2.183, 95%CI: 1.369,3,481; WC: OR = 2.101, 95%CI: 1.232,3,583; WHR: OR = 2.108, 95%CI: 1.331,3,337). The effects of all types of Usual Breakfast Consumption Frequency on overweight were fully mediated by sleep duration (p < 0.05). In particular, the subjects exercised outdoors more than five times per week slept longer (p < 0.05).ConclusionShort sleep duration may be the main reason for irregular breakfast leading to overweight. Adequate outdoor exercise is essential for weight maintenance.

OBJECTIVE:To understand the current status of protein, fat, carbohydrates, energy, vitamins, minerals and other contents in common dishes of large, small, and medium-sized restaurants in Shandong Province. METHODS:From July to October 2021, 90 Shandong cuisine dishes were collected from 9 large, medium, and small restaurants in Shandong Province. One dish was collected from each restaurant, and samples from different types of restaurants were mixed as one sample. The content of nutrients and their carbohydrate and energy levels were detected and calculated. RESULTS:The median fat and protein content detected in the 90 dishes collected were 7.7 and 6.8 g/100 g, respectively. The calculated median values of energy and carbohydrates were 528 kJ/100 g and 5.4 g/100 g, respectively. The energy supply ratio of carbohydrates per 100 g of dishes was 17.2%, fat was 55.3%, and protein was 21.4%. The content of vitamin A, vitamin B_1, vitamin B_2, vitamin C and vitamin E was trace(tr)-26 700 μg/100 g, tr-0.12 mg/100 g, tr-0.40 mg/100 g, tr-56.5 mg/100 g and tr-5.31 mg α-TE/100 g. The medium number of dishes and potassium content was 375 and 219 mg/100 g. The detection rate of trans fat acid was 81.1%, and the median content was 0.06 g/100 g. CONCLUSION:The energy supply ratio of protein and fat in dishes is relatively high, while the energy supply ratio of total carbohydrates is relatively low. The sodium content is high, showing the characteristics of high sodium and low potassium. Vitamin, especially vitamin B_1 and vitamin B_2, has a low content.

Pesticide residues in radishes can induce serious health hazards, especially in children and toddlers. In order to assess potential health risk from pesticide residues in radishes, a total of 26 pesticides were evaluated by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry in 1690 samples, which were collected from the year 2016 to 2019 in Shandong Province of China. All the 26 pesticide residues were detected in 752 radish samples (44.50%), but only 221 samples (13.08%) contained detectable pesticide residues, which are above the maximum residue limits (MRLs). Multiple residues with two to nine pesticides were present in 5.09% (86 out of 1690) of samples. Hazard quotient (HQ) and the cumulative risk index were far below 100, while percentage value of acute reference dose (%ARfD) of triazophos exceeded 100 for adults, children, and toddlers. The %ARfD value for carbofuran, aldicarb, monocrotophos, and parathion was over 100 for toddlers. From the perspective of public health, the occurrence of pesticide residues in radishes could not pose a serious health risk problem, but the acute health risk should be paid more attention, especially to toddlers. It is recommended to make strict regulations on the management of pesticide residues and human health risk assessment about pesticide residues.

Rare earth elements (REEs) can cause neoplasms, reduce bone density, affect children's intelligence, etc., and diet is an important way for the human body to absorb REEs. With the increasing use of REEs, the impact on human health is becoming more and more important. So, we used a probabilistic assessment method with Monte Carlo simulation to evaluate the dietary intake of REEs by residents of a large light rare earth mining area in Shandong Province. 16 REEs in 447 samples (including wheat, maize, dry beans, vegetables, fruits and eggs) were detected. The mean value of total REEs for all samples was 286.96 μg/kg, and of light rare earth elements (LREEs) was 270.18 μg/kg. Among of LREEs, Ce, La, Nd and Pr were dominant. The REEs content of different food categories showed that wheat, leafy vegetables and allium vegetables had higher content of REEs, melons vegetables, root vegetables, fruits and eggs had the lowest content. The mean dietary intake of rare earth oxides for the whole population was 4.20 μg/kg bw/d, wheat and vegetables (leafy vegetables, allium vegetables and root vegetables) were the main sources of REEs. Dietary intake estimates of REEs by age and gender did not exceed the acceptable daily intake which means implying no impact on human health.

目的 了解山东省淡水鱼产品从养殖到餐饮全链条致病性弧菌的污染来源.方法 2018年每季度在养殖环节采集淡水鱼、养殖环境样品,并根据供货信息在流通及餐饮等环节采集淡水鱼样品.致病性弧菌菌株分离、鉴定按相关食品安全国家标准及监测工作手册进行.并完成副溶血性弧菌tlh、tdh、trh基因及霍乱弧菌ctxAB基因检测和血清型鉴定.结果 淡水鱼产品致病性弧菌总阳性率为29.66％,且在不同环节阳性率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).在养殖环节,非O1/O139群霍乱弧菌(33.75％)是优势弧菌,而在流通、餐饮环节,副溶血性弧菌检出率升高明显.养殖环节鱼苗(56.25％)、水体(50.00％)、水藻(50.00％)是主要污染来源.64株副溶血性弧菌有6株检出trh基因.结论 淡水鱼产品在不同环节均受到致病性弧菌的污染.养殖环境是养殖环节淡水鱼中致病性弧菌,尤其是霍乱弧菌的主要污染来源,而在流通或餐饮环节淡水鱼中嗜盐性弧菌的交叉污染更为明显.

目的 了解2013-2018年山东省食品中镉污染状况.方法 2013-2018年在山东省范围内应用完全随机采样法采集市售18类28 867份食品,按照国家标准操作程序进行实验室检测.结果 镉含量合格率为98.85％(28 535/28867).镉含量较高的食品为藻类、水产品、坚果及籽类和食用菌,均值分别为0.7085 mg/kg、0.2656 mg/kg、0.0633 mg/kg和0.0633 mg/kg;镉含量较低的食品为饮料酒类、乳类和水果类,均值分别为0.0021 mg/kg、0.0027 mg/kg和0.0030mg/kg.408份海蟹的镉检出率为92.89％ (379/408),超标率为42.65％(174/408),蟹膏、蟹黄镉超标率分别为90.24％、82.86％,最高超标38.80倍.结论 山东省市售食品镉超标率较低.水产品特别是海蟹的蟹膏、蟹黄部分超标严重,建议居民谨慎食用海蟹蟹膏、蟹黄.

目的 了解2016～2018年威海市蔬菜中铅、镉污染程度,为采取蔬菜中重金属污染控制措施提供依据.方法 2016～2018年在农贸市场和超市采集400份蔬菜,依据GB 5009.12-2010、GB 5009.12-2017和GB 5009.15-2014检测蔬菜中铅、镉含量,按GB 2762-2012/2017污染物限量标准判定超标情况.采用单项污染指数和综合污染指数评价蔬菜中重金属污染程度.结果 400份蔬菜中铅、镉检出率分别为55.25％和60.25％,不同年份铅检出率差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),镉检出率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).藕、萝卜、胡萝卜和青椒中存在铅超标现象,超标率分别为5.26％、3.39％、3.28％和3.13％.所有种类蔬菜单项污染指数均小于0.7,藕、萝卜、胡萝卜、四季豆及青椒综合污染指数均大于0.7.结论 威海市藕、萝卜、胡萝卜、四季豆及青椒存在一定的铅、镉污染.

目的 了解并分析山东省0～5岁儿童头围发育状况,进而完善目标人群生长发育资料.方法 采用多阶段分层随机抽样,对山东省内0～5岁儿童的头围发育状况进行调查,并用SPSS 18.0软件对头围数据进行统计分析.结果 各年龄组的男童头围均高于女童,差值最大为1.05 cm;儿童头围在正常及以上水平的比例高达98.70％.与2015年中国9市7岁以下儿童体格发育调查结果及WHO标准相比,各年龄组儿童头围均较高,其中12月龄及以下年龄组差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).不同身长/身高状况下的头围分布差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 山东省0～5岁儿童的头围发育水平良好,应继续加强对生长迟缓儿童的发育监测工作.

目的 了解山东省海水鱼和淡水鱼中副溶血性弧菌(VP)的污染分布及其致病性.方法 于2016年,在山东省9个地市的水产店和餐饮店采集海水鱼样品196份、淡水鱼样品224份,同时,采集水产店和餐饮店的淡水存养水体各12份.另外,选择2个有代表性的淡水养殖场,各采集100份淡水鱼样品;同时,采集养殖场的水体和水底沉积物各96份.采用传统的分离培养技术对样品进行副溶血性弧菌检测和生化鉴定,采用多重PCR对阳性分离株检测tlh、tdh和trh毒力基因.结果 水产店、餐饮店和淡水养殖场采集的120份存养水体盐度均在0.1％～0.9％.12份采自餐饮店的水体均未检出VP,存养水体和水底沉积物中VP的总体检出率[分别为5.00％(6/120)和2.08％(2/96)].海水鱼和淡水鱼中VP的检出率分别为26.53％(52/196)和27.47％(89/324),差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).餐饮店和水产店中淡水鱼体内VP的检出率均高于海水鱼,但差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).餐饮店和水产店中海水鱼体内VP检出率间比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);水产店中淡水鱼体内VP的检出率高于餐饮店和养殖场,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).海水鱼中5.77％(3/52)VP分离株检出tdh基因,1.92％(1/52)检出trh基因.淡水鱼中8.99％(8/89) VP分离株检出tdh基因,7.87％(7/89)检出trh基因.海水鱼VP分离株致病性毒力基因tdh和trh携带率为7.69％(4/52),淡水鱼携带率为16.85％(15/89),差异无统计学意义(x2=2.36,P=0.124).结论 本次调查的淡水环境和淡水鱼中存在副溶血性弧菌的污染,部分菌株携带毒力基因,是产生该食源性致病菌食物中毒的安全隐患.

Background: In order to generate data on the burden of foodborne diseases in Shandong Province, we aimed to use the case monitoring data of foodborne diseases from 2016 to 2017 to estimate. Methods: Data were obtained from the foodborne disease surveillance reporting system with dates of onset from Jan 1, 2016, to Dec 31, 2017, in Shandong, China. Results: The places of food exposure were categorized by settings as follows: private home, catering facility, collective canteens, retail markets, rural banquets and other. Exposed food is divided into 23 categories. Overall incidence rate and proportions by exposure categories, age, and sex-specific incidence rates were calculated and sex proportions compared. Approximately 75.00% of cases who had at least one exposure settings were in private homes. The most frequently reported exposed food was a variety of food (meaning more than two kinds of food). The two-year average incidence rate was 75.78/100,000, sex-specific incidence rate was much higher for females compared to males (78.23 vs. 74.69 cases per 100,000 population). An age-specific trend was observed in the cases reported (Chi-Square for linear trend, χ2=4.39, P=0.036<0.05). Conclusion: A preliminary estimate of 14 million cases of foodborne diseases in Shandong province each year. Future studies should focus on cross-sectional and cohort studies to facilitate the assessment of the distribution and burden of foodborne disease of the population in Shandong. Considering strengthening the burden of foodborne diseases in foodborne disease surveillance is also a feasible way.

Salt and soy sauce are the main ways of sodium intake in Chinese dietary. In this study, we used the data of the China Health and Nutrition Surveys to describe the secular trends of salt and soy sauce intake among Chinese adults from 1997 to 2011. Trends were tested by multiple linear regression models. During the past 14 years, the consumption of sodium, salt and soy sauce intake values decreased significantly across the six study periods (p < .0001) among both men and women. Averaged salt values decreased by 4.9 g/d in men and 4.1 g/d in women. Mean soy sauce intake values decreased by 9.0 g/d among men and 7.3 g/d among women. Similar significant trends were observed in all age groups, activity levels and regions (p < .0001).

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the level of nonylphenol dietary exposure in vegetable oils of 6 cities in Shandong Province and to evaluate the contribution of risk.METHODS:The data of Total Dietary Study and Health Status Survey of Shandong Province and nonylphenol test data were used to evaluate the exposure. A total of 3468 people from6 cities of Shandong province were selected for food survey by stratified multistage cluster random sampling method in 2014-2015. The consumption of vegetable oil was investigated by weighing and accounting method. Nonylphenol content in dietary samples was detected by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry( HPLC-MS).RESULTS:The exposure level of nonylphenol in vegetable oil was 0-0. 44 μg/kg, and the risk index of the highest point of exposure was 0. 088.CONCLUSION:Risk caused by vegetable oil intake of nonylphenol in Shandong Province 6 city residents is extremely low.

Foodborne disease is a major public health concern in both developed and developing countries. China has established a nationwide Foodborne Disease Outbreak Surveillance System (FDOSS) for collection and periodic reporting of data on the occurrence and causes of foodborne disease outbreaks in China. Each provincial Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) conducts the system working. We reviewed foodborne disease outbreaks that occurred during 2011 to 2016 in Shandong Province from the FDOSS. The Wilcoxon test was used to compare the median number of ill persons in outbreaks. All data analysis was performed using Epi Info 7. During 2011 to 2016, Shandong CDC received reports of 1043 foodborne disease outbreaks, resulting in 8078 illnesses, 2442 hospitalizations, and 17 deaths. There were a median of 69 outbreaks annually [interquartile range (IQR) 10-342], resulting in 335 to 3824 illnesses each year. The median outbreak size was 3 persons (IQR 2-7). Hotels (including cruise ships, hotpot restaurants, barbecue shops) were the most common setting. Among the 744 (71.3%) outbreaks with an implicated food or contaminated ingredient reported, 704 (94.6%) could be assigned to one of 17 predefined commodity categories. Of the 280 outbreaks with a known etiology, 117 (41.8%) were caused by poisonous plants and animals and their toxins, 39 (13.9) were caused by nitrite, and 27 (9.6%) were caused by vibrio parahaemolyticus. Of the 491 (47.1%) outbreaks with at least a contributing factor to cause outbreak, 168 (34.2%) were caused by improper processing, and 100 (20.4) were caused by inedible and misuse. Timely investigation, disposal and reporting of foodborne disease outbreaks provides information that might help FDOSS to make full use of efficiency and FDOSS should be continued and strengthened even more in Shandong Province, such as an increase in diagnostic laboratory capacities.

Objective To understand the current status of nutrition label on the 7 major categories of 623 prepackaged foods,and analyze the results. Methods Recorded the information and purchased of prepackaged foods to meet the requirements of the investigation in the supermarkets and retail stores of Jinan to record the information of nutrition label. Filled in the questionnaire on nutrition labels and other related information and analyzed by SPSS 18. 0. Results Among the 7 major categories of 623 prepackaged foods,the labelling rate was 94. 1％,and labelling standard rate was 95. 7％.58 prepackaged foods were labeled with nutrition claims and the rate was 9. 31％,while 71 were labeled with nutrient function claim and the rate was 11. 40％. Nutrition claims and nutrient function claim were focused on calcium. Conclusion The labeling rate and standardization of prepackaged food nutrition in Jinan were high,but there was a certain non-standard label and the optional labeling rate was low. The relevant departments should strengthen the supervision of enterprises to expand the role of nutrition labels in the prevention and treatment of chronic non-communicable diseases.

AbstractThe relationship between serum Mg and blood cell counts in Chinese adult diabetes or central obesity was assessed by investigating 8163 subjects with China Health and Nutrition Survey (mean age 59⋅6 years, 54⋅9 % men). Participants were classified according to blood Mg (below 0⋅65 mmol/l, or 0⋅66–0⋅94 mmol/l or above 0⋅95 mmol/l), type 2 diabetes (yes/no) and central obesity (yes/no). Leucocytes, erythrocytes, platelets (PLT), Hb and glycated Hb (HbA1c) were determined using standardised methods and conditions. HbAc1, leucocytes and PLT were significantly higher among subjects with central obesity than without central obesity (P < 0⋅05). A significant increase for Hb, erythrocytes, PLT, but not leucocytes, across progressive Mg groups was observed in subjects without diabetes (P < 0⋅05). Hb, erythrocytes and HbAc1 were significantly higher among subjects with higher Mg than in subjects with lower Mg with diabetes (P < 0⋅05). Central obesity disturbed the positive association between PLT count and serum Mg. Type 2 diabetes caused metabolism disorder in serum Mg, blood sugar and blood cell count. Hb, erythrocytes and PLT, but not leucocytes, are positively correlated with serum Mg, but this association is somehow disturbed by type 2 diabetes or central obesity.

objective The aim of this study was to understand the contamination status of the foodborne pathogenic bacteria in retail aquatic products in Shandong province,in order to provide a scientific basis for the regulatory authorities to carry out targeted prevention and standardized setting.Methods 1090 samples of retail aquatic products were collected from Shandong province from 2015 to 2016.Contamination status of foodbome pathogens,such as Vibrio parahaemolyticus,Vibrio cholerae,Salmonella,and Listeria monocytogenes were analyzed.Results In 1090 aquatic products,the detection rate of the abovementioned four foodborne pathogens were 32.29％ (352/1090).Among them,the detection rate in freshwater products was higher than that in seawater products (35.95％ and 28.60％).The detection rate of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in aquatic products was the highest,which was 27.06％ (295/1090),followed by 5.24％ (30/572) of Vibrio cholerae and 3.49％ (38/1090) of Salmonella,while Listeria showed lowest detection rate of 1.74％ (19/1090).Freshwater crustaceans and freshwater snails were the samples with high detection rate of foodborne pathogens,and the detection rates were 44.72％ (55/123) and 37.74％ (20/53),respectively.Conclusion The main type of food borne pathogen was Vibrio parahaemolyticus in retail aquatic products in Shandong province.This study suggested that it should further strengthen the monitoring of food-borne pathogenic bacteria contamination in retail aquatic products and improve health supervision.

Objective The objective of the study was to assess the pollution of main pathogenic vibrio in fresh water products in Shandong Province,and thus to provide a scientific reference for supervision department to carry out targeted prevention and control.Methods Tests were conducted according to the vibrio parahemolyticus test in the GB 4789.7-2013 National Standard Food Microorganism Tests for Food Safety,and the vibrio test methods provided in the Cholera Prevention and Treatment Manual and the National Food-borne Pathogenic Bacteria Monitor Manual.Results A total of 1054 samples were tested between 2014 and 2016,the detection rates of vibrio cholera (20.08％,157/782) and vibrio parahemolyticus (19.35％,204/1054) were relatively high,and followed by vibrio alginolyticus (6.64％,32/482),while the detection rate of vibrio vulnificus was the lowest 1.39％ (7/504).The detection rates of vibrio parahemolyticus,vibrio alginolyticus,and vibrio vulnificus were relatively low during the cultivation process,but rose significantly during circulation and catering processes.The detection rates during circulation process were 26.52％ (170/641),15.63％ (15/96),and 4.55％ (5/110),respectively.The detection rates during catering process were 18.80％ (22/117),14.44％ (13/90),1.02％ (1/98),respectively.The detection rates of vibrio cholerae were relatively high during cultivation,circulation,and catering processes,accounting for 22.64％ (67/296),17.01％ (66/388),and 24.49％ (24/98),respectively.Conclusion Fresh water products in Shandong Province are polluted by pathogenic vibrio to different extents.Pollution of vibrio cholera during cultivation process and cross contamination of haliphagia vibrio during circuIation and catering processes should be especially concerned.

Objective To investigate the contents of rare earth elements (REE) in the cereals from a light rare earth mine,and to assess their health risk in Shandong.Methods A total of 339 samples,locally grown cereals,were collected from mining and non-mining areas from July to October 2014.The contents of 15 REEs were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).Results The REEs levels of cereals in mining area ranged from 9.85 μg/kg to 4 268.39 μg/kg with a median of 82.47 μg/kg.The REE levels of cereals in non-mining area ranged from 1.55 μg/kg to 2 662.31 μg/kg with a median of 54.75 μg/kg.The difference of REE between mining and non-mining areas was not statistically significant (P＞0.05).For both areas,the highest REE levels were found in wheat (128.79 μg/kg and 85.14 μg/kg) and the lowest in corn (44.89 μg/kg and 37.95 μg/kg).Light rare earth elements (LREE) were dominantly enriched in cereals.The REE intake is lower than the acceptable daily intake (ADI) value and will not endanger human health.Conclusion There is no significant difference in REE in cereals between mining and non-mining areas,which are dominantly LREE.The REE intake through wheat,corn,and soybean consumption will not damage human health.

Objective To describe the consumption status of soft drinks and the intake of free sugars in children aged 6～14 years in Shandong province,and to provide a scientific reference for guiding children's soft drinks intake and controlling obesity.Methods In this paper,11 regions including Dongying,Jinan,Jining,Laiwu,Liaocheng,Linyi,Qingdao,Tai'an,Weihai,Weifang and Yantai were selected as the survey points using the multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method.The investigated survey points were divided into cities and rural population.Results A total of 2 044 children aged 6～14 years in Shandong were surveyed,including 1 039 males and 1 005 females,556 from cities and 1 488 from rural areas.The drinking rates and consumption of carbonated drink of male were higher than those of female (x2 =5.582,t =2.625,all P＜0.05).The drinking rates of fruit juice and vegetable juice,coffee or coffee drink and milk drink in female were higher than those in male (x2 =7.588,7.386,8.252,all P＜0.05).The drinking rate of urban children was higher than that of children from rural areas (x2 =4.983,P＜0.05).The consumption of yogurt and coffee or coffee in female were significantly higher than those in male (t=-t.980,-2.555,all P＜0.05).The consumption of carbonated drink in male was significantly higher than that in female (P＜0.05).The consumption of certain types of beverages was higher in urban and rural areas than that in the others (P＜0.05).The monosaccharide and free sugar intake of urban children (26.0 g/d,17.1 g/d)were significantly higher than those of rural children (16.9 g/d,11.8 g/d)(t=8.14,5.30,P＜0.05).Conclusion The energy consumption of free sugars in children aged 6～14 years in Shandong is not higher than recommended value of World Health Organization,Chinese Diet Guidelines and American Heart Association,but the relative proportion is higher.