目的:探究复合蛋白肽对高脂饮食诱导肥胖大鼠糖脂代谢的改善作用.方法:将雄性SD大鼠随机分为肥胖模型组、空白对照组,肥胖模型组给予高脂饲料持续喂养4w,筛选肥胖敏感大鼠分为低(LPP)、中(MPP)、高(HPP)剂量组,饲料中复合蛋白肽的含量分别为25％、50％、100％,另设与低、中剂量组等热量饲喂的模型对照组1(MC1)和高剂量组等热量的模型对照组2(MC2).给予复合蛋白肽干预4w后,检测各组大鼠体重与脂肪含量、肝脏脂肪蓄积以及棕色脂肪能量代谢相关蛋白情况.结果:复合蛋白肽能够显著降低肥胖大鼠的体重、脂肪含量及血脂水平,同时能够降低肝脏脂滴密度,增加线粒体氧化磷酸化复合物(OXPHOS)、解偶联蛋白1(UCP1)表达水平.结论:复合蛋白肽能降低肥胖大鼠体内脂肪含量和血脂水平,可能与增强棕色脂肪组织中OX-PHOS和UCP1表达相关.

目的 建立新形势下的预防医学实验教学质量评价体系,科学、客观地评价预防医学实验教学质量,保证实验教学效果,提高实验教学水平.方法 从实验室管理及教学设备、课堂教学和实验内容、教学效果等方面出发,创建实验教学质量评价指标体系.运用该体系对预防医学11门实验课进行多层次、多方位评价,并对评价结果进行分析和反馈,有针对性地改进实验教学工作.结果 11门实验课中,9门课为优秀,2门课为良好,其原因可能与课程结构、实验环境等因素有关.结论 实验教学质量评价指标体系的实施,能够针对性地发现问题,对提高实验教学质量起到积极的推动作用.

目的:以预防医学实验室为例,探讨高校医学实验室规章制度的建立.方法:调研预防医学实验室现状,结合实际工作,针对实验室存在安全隐患和事故高发的因素,学习国家对高校实验室的管理要求,制定相应管理制度.结果:实验室规章制度的制定和严格执行,有效避免实验室安全事故的发生,保证实验教学顺利完成.结论:预防医学实验室合理完善的规章制度是教学和科研顺利进行的重要保障,也是实验室安全的重要体现.

卫生理化检验实验是卫生检验与检疫专业的重要组成部分.为适应新形势下的岗位需求,根据用人单位反馈,结合当前实验教学中存在的问题,对卫生理化检验的实验教学进行了改革,以岗位胜任为导向,探索以学生(设计)为中心的理化检验实验教学模式,培养学生自主设计实验以解决实际问题的能力,提高学生毕业后的岗位胜任力,同时有助于提高学生的团队协作能力.

<span id="ChDivSummary" name="ChDivSummary" class="abstract-text">糖尿病是世界上最常见的慢性代谢性疾病之一,它与遗传、饮食及运动等密切相关。近年来,流行病学与实验室研究发现,反式脂肪酸的摄入可以增加糖尿病的发病风险,但是由于研究设计和方法的不一致性,目前还不能得出确切结论。本篇综述着重讨论反式脂肪酸与糖尿病的关系,以便为人们的饮食策略和未来的研究提供参考信息。</span>

目的 研究藜麦对糖尿病模型小鼠降血糖的作用.方法 腹腔注射四氧嘧啶建立糖尿病小鼠模型,分为空白对照(A),模型对照(B),藜麦低(C)、中(D)、高(E)剂量5组.喂养6w后,检测FBG并进行OGTT试验;取肝组织及血清分别测定小鼠HG、果糖胺及Ins含量.结果 藜麦干预后各剂量组FBG均有所下降;E组血糖曲线下面积与B组相比,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);与B组相比,D、E组HG含量较高,各剂量组果糖胺含量较低,E组Ins含量明显增高,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 膳食中给予一定量的藜麦可降低血糖,尤其以藜麦E组降血糖效果较为明显.

核因子-E2相关因子2(Nuclearfactor erythroid-derived 2-like 2,Nrf2)是机体抗氧化防御系统的主要调节因子,能够增强细胞对氧化应激的抵抗.核呼吸因子2(Nuclearrespiratoty factor 2,NRF2)又叫GA结合蛋白转录因子(GA binding protein transcription factor,GABPA),是细胞重要的转录因子,能激活线粒体呼吸、DNA转录及复制所需的调控基因,调节细胞生长.尽管Nrf2与NRF2主要的生物学作用不同,但是大量研究表明二者存在功能上的交互作用及密切联系.本文阐述了Nrf2和NRF2在功能上的异同及联系,重点论述二者在功能和疾病发生过程中的作用机制,为机体的信号调控和新型治疗干预思路提供重要的理论依据.

Objective To explore the hypoglycemic effects of whole rye flour (WRF) on alloxan-induced diabetic mice.Methods The diabetic mice models were established by intraperitoneal injection with alloxan,and then divided into 8 groups:blank control group,diabetic model group,low dose ordinary whole rye flour (low OWRF group),medium OWRF group,high OWRF group,low dose ultra fine whole rye flour group (low UFWRF group),medium UFWRF group,and high UFWRF group.After 6 weeks of intervention,the fasting blood glucose (FBG),oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT),serum glycogen,fructosamine,insulin and C-peptide were determined.Results After 6 weeks of the intervention,FGB was significantly lower in the medium and high OWRF groups and all three UFWRF groups than before intervention.FBG was significantly lower in high UFWRF group than in the diabetic model group.Compared with the diabetic model group,the other groups had higher serum glycogen;the high OWRF group and the three UFWRF groups had lower fructosamine;the medium and high OWRF and UFWRF groups had higher insulin level;the differences were statistically significant (all P＜ 0.05).Conclusion Certain dose of WRF diet has a positive effect in regulating blood glucose.The high UFWRF group shows the most obvious hypoglycemic effect.

Objective To understand the current status of nutrition label on the 7 major categories of 623 prepackaged foods,and analyze the results. Methods Recorded the information and purchased of prepackaged foods to meet the requirements of the investigation in the supermarkets and retail stores of Jinan to record the information of nutrition label. Filled in the questionnaire on nutrition labels and other related information and analyzed by SPSS 18. 0. Results Among the 7 major categories of 623 prepackaged foods,the labelling rate was 94. 1％,and labelling standard rate was 95. 7％.58 prepackaged foods were labeled with nutrition claims and the rate was 9. 31％,while 71 were labeled with nutrient function claim and the rate was 11. 40％. Nutrition claims and nutrient function claim were focused on calcium. Conclusion The labeling rate and standardization of prepackaged food nutrition in Jinan were high,but there was a certain non-standard label and the optional labeling rate was low. The relevant departments should strengthen the supervision of enterprises to expand the role of nutrition labels in the prevention and treatment of chronic non-communicable diseases.

Objective To study the immune protective effect of Ganoderma lucidum spores oil in aging mice. Methods A total of 192 healthy SPF male Kunming aging mice (12 months) were randomly divided into 4 groups. Each group was randomly and equally divided into 4 subgroups, including control group, low, middle and high dose Ganoderma lucidum spores oil groups, given different doses (0.25,0.50,1.50mg/(kg·bw)) of Ganoderma lucidum spores oil respectively at 0.02 ml/g by gavage once a day. The control group was given corn oil with the same volume. At the 30th day, delayed hypersensitivity test, serum hemolysin. The number of antibody producing cells, carbon clearance test, the phagocytic rate of the peritoneal macrophages to chicken red blood cells, lymphocyte transformation test and NK cell activity assay were carried out. Results After the supplementation of Ganoderma lucidum spores oil, compared with the control group, the feet swollen degree, lymphocyte proliferation ability, antibody producing cell number, antibody titre carbon clearance capacity, phagocytic rate and index of peritoneal macrophages to chicken red blood cell in middle and high dose groups were increased significantly (P<0.05,P<0.01),while NK cell activity was not. With the increase of the dose of Ganoderma lucidum spore oil, the above indexes showed an increasing trend. Conclusion Ganoderma lucidum spores oil can protect immune function in aging mice.

目的 建立玉米中黄曲霉毒素B1、玉米赤霉烯酮和赭曲霉毒素的高效液相色谱测定法.方法 玉米样品经甲醇水溶液(V/V=80∶20)提取后,以提取液为分散剂,三氯甲烷为萃取剂,黄曲霉毒素B1、玉米赤霉烯酮和赭曲霉毒素经液液分散式微萃取富集净化,以C18色谱柱为分离柱,以乙腈和1％乙酸水溶液为流动相梯度洗脱分离后,采用变波长的方法对三种毒素进行检测.结果 黄曲霉毒素B1、玉米赤霉烯酮和赭曲霉毒素的线性范围分别为:1.00～100 ng/ml(r=0.998 5)、5.00～1 000 ng/ml(r=0.999 6)和1.00～100 ng/ml(r=0.999 3),检出限分别为:0.1、1.0和0.3μg/μg,平均加标回收率范围:82.5％～99.3％,RSD＜10％(n=6).结论 该方法快速、灵敏、准确可靠,适用于玉米样品中黄曲霉毒素B1,玉米赤霉烯酮和赭曲霉毒素的同时检测.

目的 探讨番茄红素对持续酒精摄入所致的酒精性肝病的保护作用.方法 100只健康成年SPF级昆明雄性小鼠随机分为对照组、模型组和低、中、高剂量番茄红素5组,每组20只.低、中、高剂量番茄红素组小鼠经口灌胃浓度分别为0.33g/L、0.67g/L和2.00g/L的番茄红素玉米油混悬液,对照组与模型组灌胃等体积的玉米油,灌胃容量为0.2mL/10g;3h后,对照组予等容生理盐水灌胃,其余4组予56度白酒0.12mL/10g灌胃,连续8d.末次灌胃后,禁食16h,测血清中甘油三酯(TG)、蛋白质羰基,肝匀浆中丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)含量,同时计算死亡率、累积存活时间.结果 与对照组相比,模型组血清TG含量、蛋白质羰基含量、肝匀浆MDA明显增加(P＜0.01);与模型组相比,中、高剂量番茄红素组小鼠死亡率降低(x2=4.800,P=-0.028),存活时间延长.同时,肝匀浆SOD、GSH-Px含量均显著性高于模型组(P＜0.01),而血清TG、蛋白质羰基含量,肝匀浆MDA却明显降低(P＜0.05,P＜ 0.01).随着番茄红素灌胃剂量升高,小鼠血清TG、蛋白质羧基含量,肝匀浆MDA呈下降趋势,而SOD、GSH-Px含量呈上升趋势.结论 番茄红素对小鼠酒精性肝病具有一定的拮抗作用.

BACKGROUND Mycotoxins, which may contaminate peanut and peanut products, are responsible for many diseases to humans. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), aflatoxin G1 (AFG1), aflatoxin B2 (AFB2), aflatoxin G2 (AFG2), ochratoxin A (OTA) and zearalenone (ZEN) are considered the most relevant groups of mycotoxins found in food. This work aimed to develop a high-performance liquid chromatography method with a fluorescence detector (HPLC-FLD) combined with dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) method for the simultaneous determination of the six mycotoxins in peanuts. The six mycotoxins were simultaneously determined under their best wavelength by means of changing wavelength. RESULTS Under the optimum conditions, the linear ranges were 1-100 ng mL-1 for AFB1, AFG1 and OTA, 0.3-30 ng mL-1 for AFB2 and AFG2, 5-1000 ng mL-1 for ZEN, with the correlation coefficient (R2 ) of 0.9969-0.9997. Limits of detection (LODs) were 0.10, 0.10, 0.30, 0.03, 0.03 and 1.0 µg kg-1 , respectively, and the mean recoveries were in the range of 83.1% to 99.3% with RSD < 10% (n = 6, independent analysis). Thirteen (46%) of these tested samples were contaminated with at least one mycotoxin. CONCLUSION The proposed method was demonstrated to be simple, highly selective, accurate, reliable, and was successfully applied to simultaneously analyse the six mycotoxins in real peanut samples from China. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.

目的 观察辣椒素对便秘模型小鼠肠道传输功能的影响.方法 采用复方地芬诺酯(10 mg/kg)制备小鼠便秘模型,经灌胃给予不同浓度的辣椒素,观察辣椒素对各组小鼠首次排黑便时间、5h粪便粒数、小肠推进率的影响.结果 辣椒素能明显缩短便秘小鼠的首便时间,并增加其所排粪便的粒数和重量,提高便秘小鼠的墨汁推进率,具有剂量依赖性.结论 辣椒素能够促进便秘小鼠的肠道传输功能和排便.

A new method was developed for the rapid analysis of ochratoxin A (OTA) in pig muscle using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) combined with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). OTA was extracted with methanol and then cleaned up with DLLME procedure. After being blown dry and redissolved, the sample was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detector (HPLC-FLD). Under the experimental conditions, the LOD was 0.21 μg kg−1, LOQ was 0.70 μg kg−1, and the recovery was higher than 80 %. Intra- and inter-day repeatability expressed as RSD were less than 5 %. The established method is more efficient, easier, and cheaper than conventional cleaning up procedure.

目的 探讨番茄红素对乙醇诱导小鼠脂质过氧化损伤的保护作用.方法 48只健康成年SPF级昆明雄性小鼠随机分为对照和低、中、高剂量番茄红素4组,每组12只.低、中、高剂量番茄红素组小鼠经口灌胃浓度分别为12.5、25和75g/L的番茄红素玉米油混悬液,对照组灌胃等体积的玉米油.灌胃容量为0.02 ml/g,1/d,连续30 d;末次灌胃后,对照组和3个剂量组禁食16h,然后按12ml/kg·bw一次性灌胃给予50％乙醇;6h后,眼眶采血,测丙二醛(MDA)、蛋白质羰基和还原型谷胱甘肽含量,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力.结果 番茄红素组与对照组比,中、高剂量番茄红素组小鼠红细胞SOD活力、全血GSH-Px活力均显著性高于模型对照组(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);MDA和蛋白质羰基含量均显著性低于模型对照组(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).随着番茄红素灌胃剂量升高,小鼠血液中MDA及蛋白质羧基含量呈下降趋势,而SOD、GSH-Px活力呈上升趋势.结论 番茄红素对乙醇引起的小鼠脂质过氧化损伤具有一定的拮抗作用.

目的：研究大豆肽对实验性高脂血症模型大鼠血脂代谢的影响并探讨其降脂机制。方法建立高脂血症大鼠模型，将45只 Wistar大鼠随机分为5组，即正常组＋正常饲料、高脂模型组＋高脂饲料、大豆肽低、中、高剂量组＋添加相应剂量大豆肽的高脂饲料，喂饲40 d后检测相关指标。结果与高脂模型组相比，大豆肽中、高剂量组的血清总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）含量显著降低（P＜0.05），高密度脂蛋白（HDL-C）含量升高但无显著性差异（P＞0.05），大鼠总脂酶（PHTA）、肝脂酶（HL）和脂蛋白脂酶（LPL）活性明显增强（P＜0.05）。结论大豆肽能有效降低实验性高脂血症大鼠血脂水平，其降脂作用可能与提高血清中PHTA、HL和LPL活性有关。

目的：探讨灵芝孢子油对辐射损伤老龄小鼠的保护作用。方法将144只健康老龄（12月龄） SPF级昆明雄性小鼠随机分为 A、B、 C三组，各组随机分为辐射模型组、低、中、高剂量灵芝孢子油组，每组12只。低、中、高剂量灵芝孢子油组小鼠经口灌胃浓度分别为12.5、25.0和75.0 g/L的灵芝孢子油，辐射模型组灌胃等体积的玉米油，灌胃容量为0.02 ml/g，1次/d。灌胃第30天， A组小鼠检测外周血白细胞计数后，各组小鼠给予60 Coγ射线全身一次性照射，照射后继续给予受试物。 A组小鼠分别在照射后第3、14天检测外周血白细胞计数； B组照射后第4天检测股骨及胸骨骨髓细胞DNA含量及骨髓细胞微核率； C组小鼠照射后第7天测定红细胞及肝脏超氧化物歧化酶（ SOD）活力。结果灵芝孢子油暴露后，与辐射模型组相比，中、高剂量灵芝孢子油组小鼠外周血白细胞计数、红细胞及肝脏 SOD活力显著升高（ P＜0.01），高剂量组骨髓细胞微核率显著降低（P＜0.05）；低、中、高剂量组小鼠骨髓细胞DNA含量均明显增多（P＜0.05）。随着灵芝孢子油灌胃剂量的升高，小鼠骨髓细胞微核率呈下降趋势，而外周血白细胞计数、骨髓细胞DNA含量、红细胞及肝脏 SOD活力呈上升趋势。结论灵芝孢子油对辐射引起的老龄小鼠损伤具有拮抗作用。

目的 探索早餐干预模式对2型糖尿病患者控制效果及其对糖尿病人体内糖脂代谢的影响.方法 采用早餐干预模式和自身对照流行病学研究方法,对2型糖尿病患者实施90天饮食干预.结果 与干预前比较,干预后患者空腹血糖(FBG)和餐后2小时血糖水平、HbA1c、TG、体重、BMI、腰围、臀围和上臂围值均有显著性下降(P＜0.05);血清TC、HDL-C水平均有显著性升高(P＜0.05);血清LDL-C变化不明显.结论 对2型糖尿病患者进行早餐模式干预时,其血脂代谢具有特殊性,需要密切监测与观察.

目的 了解社区营养工作室模式在中老年人慢性病防控工作中的促进作用.方法 2012年10月至2013年7月采用分层随机抽样法,通过面对面访淡形式调查济南市社区中老年人在社区营养工作窒服务模式下健康知识与行为的改变情况.结果 本次研究共调查济南市年龄在50～70岁社区居民420人,其中营养工作室会员与普通社区居民各210人,共收回有效问卷404份,有效率为96.20％.营养工作室会员与社区普通中老年居民相比,慢性病预防知识有明显提高(P＜0.05),且无论从文化程度、收入水平还是原职业来分析,工作室会员的慢性病预防知识均明显高于普通社区居民(P＜0.05);工作室会员的健康行为也有明显改善(P＜0.01),且无论从文化程度、收入水平还是原职业来分析,社区营养工作室会员的健康行为平均分均明显高于普通社区居民(P＜0.05).结论 社区营养工作室的建立对于中老年人慢性病防控工作起到了良好的促进作用.