В работе исследовано взаимодействие и взаимовлияние между матрицей сплава ПК/АБС и комплексным наномодификатором УНТ/УДС, включающим углеродные нанотрубки УНТ типа «сверток» фирмы DIPOLENE UV PE (Франция), и акцептор кислорода – ультрадисперсную металлическую среду УДС (например, смесь Fe/FeO и др.) с целью повышения механических, термических и технологических характеристик. Показано, что при определенных условиях комплексный наномодификатор УНТ/УДС улучшает ряд проблемных, с точки зрения направленного применения, свойств сплава ПК/АБС.

Металлопластиковые трубы, такие как BioPipe®, в настоящее время активно вытесняют традиционные стальные (включая оцинкованные), медные и другие материалы в системах водоснабжения. Это обусловлено рядом существенных недостатков старых технологий. Стальные трубы, например, обладают высокой электропроводностью, что может приводить к электрохимической коррозии и ускоренно разрушаться, влиять на качество воды. Кроме того, они часто не полностью соответствуют современным санитарным нормам, склонны к образованию коррозии, накоплению отложений на внутренних стенках (включая биопленки, состоящие из бактерий, грибов и водорослей) и недостаточно устойчивы к агрессивным средам (например, к хлору в системах водоснабжения). Монтаж стальных труб трудоемок и требует высокой квалификации специалистов, что увеличивает стоимость работ. Низкая бактерицидность стальных труб – еще один минус, способствующий развитию и распространению микроорганизмов в системе водоснабжения.

This study deals with the interaction between iron(III) oxide Fe 2 O 3 and a high-density polyethylene (HDPE) matrix and their mutual influence. The significance of this study is determined by the fact that the potential nanomodifier (iron(III) oxide Fe 2 O 3 as an ultradispersed medium (UDM)) is a product from the total oxidation of the F/FeO mixture that is known as a highly active nanomodifier–stabilizer of polymers. In view of this fact, an attempt at testing Fe 2 O 3 as a potential Fe/FeO source as a result of intramatrix reactions Fe 2 O 3 → Fe/FeO has been made in this study. In turn, iron(III) oxide Fe 2 O 3 was synthesized via the oxidation of a freshly prepared Fe/FeO mixture from iron(II) oxalate. It has been shown that the regenerative scheme Fe 2 O 3 ↔ Fe 3 O 4 ↔ Fe/FeO is implemented in the HDPE matrix with the predominant shift of processes to the right due to its reductive potentiality during the treatment of an HDPE + Fe 2 O 3 composite melt under certain temperature-time regimes ( Т ≥ 250°C and t ≥ 20 min). The nanocomposite polymer material (NCPM) HDPE + Fe/FeO with a set of enhanced physicochemical properties is formed.

The work considers the main elements of the magneto-dimensional transformation properties in the ultradispersed metallic media (UDM) as a nanomodifier in the process of the formation of nanocompositional polymeric materials (NCPM) based on polyolefins () from a melt. It has been shown that UDM nanoparticles in a melt under the influence and interaction with a thermoplastic matrix are capable of transforming their magnetic properties (to the level of superparamagnetic), structural-dimensional parameters, and chemical potential. With this mutual influence, the nanomodifier has an active effect on the thermoplastic melt at all stages of the formation of the structure-property relationship: structureless ensembles of macromolecules → formation of clusters (domains), lamellas, crystallites → formation of a network of intermolecular entanglements → crystallization of the thermoplastic matrix → transition to a condensed state. An important component of the formation of a fine-crystalline anisotropic NCPM structure is the intramatrix orientation of the structural elements of the thermoplastic in the melt under the influence of the magneto-dimensional transformable manifestations of the nanomodifier. A consequence of the formation of a fine-crystalline anisotropic structure of the NCPM is an increased level of a complex of physicochemical properties (such as deformation-strength, rheological, etc.). An assumption is made about the possibility of the formation of coherent wave packets from clusters (domains) and lamellas of crystallites of matrix thermoplastic with a minimum three-dimensional geometry under the action of superparamagnetic forces of nanoparticles of the nanomodifier.

Aliphatic linear oligoesters with terminal hydroxyl groups and given molecular weight characteristics, hydroxyl and acid numbers were synthesized by esterification of adipic acid, ethylene glycol and butanediol-1,4. It was found that the main properties of complex oligoesters largely depend on the ratio of the starting reagents. The kinetic regularities of the process of esterification of adipic acid, ethylene glycol and butanediol-1,4 have been studied and determined. It was found that the duration of the vacuum stage of esterification in the presence of organomodified montmorillonite is noticeably shorter than when using a commercial catalyst.

Using the example of increasing the fire resistance of high-density polyethylene estimated by the oxygen index, the possibility of directional regulation of physicochemical properties of crystallizing polymer nanocomposites with the combined use of two nanomodifiers with different activities and mechanisms of action is shown.

This paper considers the main elements of the mechanisms of formation of macrodynamic thermal properties of nanocomposite polymer materials (NCPMs) based on polymerization, polycondensation thermoplastics, and ultrafine metallic particles. It is shown that a new, higher level of thermal properties in NCPMs is formed as a result of intramatrix interdependent physicochemical interactions between matrix thermoplastic and nanoparticles of an ultrafine metallic medium (UFM). The implementation of intramatrix physicochemical interactions of the components of the thermoplastic + UFM heterogeneous system in NCPMs as a manifestation of nanotechnology is effective, when the matrix thermoplastic has sufficient morphological potential and the nanomodifier has a spectrum of specific properties.

The physicomechanical properties of polybutylene terephthalate and polycarbonate composites with the unified modifier block copolyphenylene-ether-ketone-sulfone-pyrroloxime were investigated. Addition of up to 1% modifier increased the thermal stability of the composites and changed the melt flow index to values suitable for processing.

Interfacial regions in polypropylene/globular-nanocarbon composites were shown to have a multilayered structure consisting of layers of polymer adsorbed to the surface of nanofiller particles (particle aggregates). Increasing the level of polymer-matrix—nanofiller-surface interfacial adhesion decreased the number of such layers. As expected, the interfacial-region parameters were determined by characteristics of both the nanofiller and polymer matrix.

High-density polyethylene (HDPE) is one of the principal thermoplasts for manufacturing various types of pipes. Existing grades of HDPE pipes have poor physicochemical properties so that new thermoplastic construction materials with multifunctional properties must be used. These problems could be solved effectively by developing composites that allow the use of nanotechnologies to strengthen the polymer matrix and improve the initial property set.

The rheological and physicomechanical properties of homopolymers and block copolymers of propylene and their blends modified with organic peroxide compounds with a structure-forming mode of action were investigated, including at subzero temperatures. A tendency for the strength of the matrices of the initial polypropylenes and their blends to increase as the block copolymer content increased and the temperature decreased was established. This is related to the conformational transformation of macromolecular mobility being retarded by the organic peroxide, which requires additional energy consumption.

Рассмотрены основные закономерности синтеза полибутилентерефталата реакцией равновесной поликонденсации. Приводятся результаты термического анализа промышленного ПБТ и стабилизированных композитов ПБТ + Fe/FeO. Получена высокодисперсная смесь Fe/FeO методом термического разложения дигидрата оксалата железа, которая введена в полибутилентерефталат (ПБТ) для увеличения роста температуры плавления. Рассмотрены термические методы исследования исходного и стабилизированного ПБТ с применением микропроцессорного дериватографа «С» фирмы МОМ (Венгрия). Разработаны полимерные композиционные материалы, позволяющие устранить ряд недостатков полибутилентерефталата такие, как термостабильность и устойчивость расплава модификаций, с последующей стабилизацией механизма действия. Приводятся экспериментальные данные о дефференциально-термическом анализе композиций на основе ПБТ и Fe/FeO в процессе термоокисления. Показано, что с увеличением содержания Fe/FeO наблюдается незначительный рост температуры плавления. При этом с увеличением содержания Fe/FeO происходит уменьшение площади эндотермического пика.

This paper presents a modification of biodegradable polymers with highly-disperse metals, for example Fe/FeO or Fe2O3 (Z), with nano-sized particles. During the course of the work, biodegradable polyethylene composites with the composition PE-276 + Z + starch (Z = 0.1% by wt, starch from 2.5 to 10% by wt) were produced. Studies were made of the rheological and deformation/strength characteristics of the composites produced. A regular relationship was identified between the rate and extent of biodegradation and the percentage starch content in the composites.

The genetic relationship between the polymer structures in solution and the condensed state are discovered within the framework of fractal analysis. It allows us to predict and model the properties of polymers already at the stage of synthesis, using the representation of a cluster model of the amorphous polymer state. (C) 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 1137-1140, 2002.