采用扩增片段长度多态性（AFLP）技术分析了香鱼（Plecoglossus altivelis）养殖群体的遗传多样性,并筛选性别特异性分子标记。结果表明,15对选扩引物组合共扩增到889个位点,其中多态性位点380个,多态率为42.74%;群体Nei氏遗传多样性指数为0.1454,Shannon氏指数I为0.2174。香鱼养殖群体的遗传多样性较丰富,处于中等偏上水平。仅引物组合E-ATG/M-CTG扩增到1条雄性特异性条带,长度为139bp。以该雄性特异性AFLP条带的DNA序列为模板,设计1对特异的PCR引物并在10尾已知性别的香鱼（雌雄各5尾）中扩增检验,结果显示5尾雄鱼均可扩增到目的条带而5尾雌鱼均无扩增。表明该序列是雄性特异性分子标记,可用于鉴别香鱼的遗传性别,并为香鱼的性别决定机制和性别控制研究奠定基础。

为研究不同诱导方法对香鱼(Plecoglossus altivelis)人工雌核发育的影响,本研究采用紫外线灭活同源精子刺激卵子发育、冷刺激法、热刺激法和静水压法抑制受精卵第二极体排出诱导香鱼雌核发育,并采用微卫星(SSR)标记和相关序列扩增多态性(SRAP)标记分析了雌核发育子代样本的遗传特征.结果表明,香鱼雌核发育冷刺激组受精率、发眼率和孵化率分别为(39.6±2.5)％、(25.3±3.5)％和(6.7±1.2)％;热刺激组受精率、发眼率和孵化率分别为(61.0±2.0)％、(34.7±2.1)％和(11.0±2.0)％;静水压组受精卵、发眼率和孵化率分别为(80.3±2.1)％、(66.3±1.5)％和(57.0±2.0)％,诱导方法以静水压法最佳,孵化率显著高于冷刺激组和热刺激组(P＜0.01),15日龄子代存活率为(15.2±8.2)％,而冷刺激组存活率低于1％,热刺激组未发现存活个体.SSR标记分析表明,静水压法可以通过抑制第二极体排出诱导香鱼雌核发育,受检测的16尾子代标本有14尾未出现父本条带,15日龄鱼苗雌核发育比例达87.5％.雌核发育子代在Pag-003位点均为纯合子,但着丝点与Pag-051和Pag-076位点之间的重组率分别为28.6％和93.3％.SRAP标记K-group引物组合在母本中扩增出5条带,其中母本特有条带4条,父本中扩增出4条清晰带,其中父本特有条带3条.母本特有条带a4在14尾雌核发育子代标本中出现的比例(显隐性比)为l∶1(P=l.000),条带al、a3和a5在后代中的显隐性比例基本符合孟德尔定律(1.33∶1)(P=0.705); SRAP标记P-group引物组合在母本中仅能扩增出1条带,无母本特异条带,父本中扩增出8条带,父本特有条带7条.No.7和No.14标本检测到父本特有条带,属于精子灭活不完全鱼苗(12.5％).与微卫星标记相比,SRAP标记可通过一次反应可同时实现对香鱼基因组多个位点检测,获得更多的遗传信息.本研究数据显示静水压技术可用于香鱼人工雌核发育诱导,研究结果对大陆地区香鱼良种培育具有重要的理论指导意义和实际应用价值.

从患病香鱼的体腔液中分离获得嗜水气单胞菌病原,经培养稀释的菌液,腹腔注射人工感染健康香鱼,出现典型的出血症后,进行血液生理生化指标的测定.结果发现,病鱼红细胞数量为(1.21±0.08)×1012个/L,血栓细胞数量(189.00±5.19)×1012个/L,较健康香鱼红细胞[(2.41±0.16)×1012个/L]、血栓细胞[(380.0±20.00)×1012个/L]呈极显著降低(P＜0.01),血红蛋白含量呈显著减少(P＜0.05),而白细胞数量却显著增加(P＜0.05).染病香鱼总蛋白为(47.56±2.63)g/L,健康鱼为(49.23±3.06) g/L,经检验无显著差异；而碱性磷酸酶、Cl-、Ca2+等3项血液生化指标值均呈极显著减少(P＜0.01),乳酸脱氢酶呈极显著增加(P＜0.01).

Based on the methods of direct mapping and co-occurrence mapping,the mapping between DDC and CLC on the chemical industry field is studied.Firstly,the categories are divided into two parts and five types,then the mapping rules are discussed.Secondly,statistical analysis is discussed according to the category type and level,the logical system matching trend between DDC and CLC is showed.Finally,the problems and solutions are discussed.The study could provide references for the staff of the library and information institutions,chemical industry information organizers and researchers.

目的:观察右美托咪啶（Dexmedetomidine,Dex）用于颌面外科清醒纤维支气管镜插管镇静的临床效果。方法:选择40例颌面外科手术患者,采用随机数分组:A组为右美托咪啶组,B组为咪达唑仑+芬太尼组,每组各20例。A组给予右美托咪啶1μg/kg,静脉泵注10 min、速度为6μg/（kg.h）;B组咪达唑仑2 mg+芬太尼0.05 mg静脉推注,当患者警觉/镇静（OAA/S）评分达3分,BIS值小于85时,应用1%利多卡因喷雾实施完善的上呼吸道表面麻醉,随后开始纤维支气管镜插管。观察比较2组给药前（T0）,镇静程度达3分,BIS小于85时（T1）,气管插管成功即刻（T2）和气管插管后5 min（T3）的OAA/S评分、心率（HR）、血压（BP）、脉搏氧饱和度（SPO2）、脑电双频指数（BIS）,T0和T3时血浆中去甲肾上腺素（NE）和肾上腺素（E）浓度,T1时右美托咪啶用药量,以及患者对插管的合作度和遗忘率。结果:A组用药后心率明显减慢且低于B组（P＜0.05）;插管后2组血压与T0比较都升高（P＜0.05）;用药后2组SPO2都下降,但A组明显高于B组（P＜0.05）;2组NE、E水平明显升高,但A组低于B组（P＜0.05）。结论:单独给予右美托咪啶可以产生良好的镇静镇痛效应,能明显抑制插管引起的应激反应,可单独辅助清醒纤维支气管镜插管,但需注意心动过缓的发生。

In order to obtain high quality genome DNA,the DNA of musculature from ayu(Plecoglossus altivelis) was respectively extracted with methods of traditional phenol-chloroform,high salting out,DNA extraction kit and an improved phenol-chloroform.The genome DNA was appraised by agarose gel electrophoresis,and the result showed that the gel bands by improved phenol-chloroform method were neat,bright,and no degradation.Then,the concentration and purity of DNA were detected by spectrophotometer,and the results showed that the concentration of DNA was approximately 300 μg/mL,and the ratio of A260/A280 was between 1.80-1.86.The genome DNA extracted with improved phenol-chloroform method was used for AFLP analysis,and the result was stable and the electrophoresis banding was clear.So high quality genome DNA can be extracted with improved phenol-chloroform method and used in further study of molecular biology.

目的总结9例脑室镜辅助下三脑室底造瘘术治疗儿童梗阻性脑积水围手术期的护理经验。方法重视患儿及家属的心理护理和健康教育,关注症状护理,术后强调并发症的观察和护理,做好出院指导。结果 9例患儿手术均成功,1例出院10 d后出现手术切口裂开脑脊液漏,后再次入院行右侧脑室-腹腔分流术。8例病情稳定,恢复良好,随访效果满意。结论良好的围手术期护理有利于患者的治疗,缩短住院时间,对患儿的康复有重要作用。

上诉权是被害人诉讼权利的核心,保障被害人上诉权是实现刑事诉讼保障人权、惩罚犯罪双重目的的内在要求.我国现行<刑事诉讼法>赋予了公诉案件被害人以诉讼当事人的诉讼主体地位,但并未赋予其独立的上诉权,而代之为请求抗诉权,导致司法实践中出现了很多严重问题.让被害人拥有完整的诉权和充分的救济渠道,不仅有着坚实的理论基础,而且也有着充分的可行性,我国<<刑事诉讼法>>应当赋予被害人独立的上诉权.

Grouping adjudication principle requires cases to be tried in a collective way in terms of trial time,trial subjects and trial parties. This method of trial provides procedural safeguards to ascertain facts and make a fair judgment. Different countries have different legal systems and legal traditions. Anglo-American legal system countries implement grouping adjudication pattern,while the continental legal system countries mostly focus on grouping adjudication in principle. China's legislation does not expressly require grouping adjudication,and therefore,it is necessary to proceed with certain reforms and system establishment.