Microporous organic networks (MONs) are highly porous materials that are particularly useful in analytical chemistry. However, the use of these materials is often limited by the functional groups available on their surface. Here, we described the polymerization of a sea urchin-like structure material at ambient temperature, that was functionalized with hydroxyl, carboxyl, and triazine groups and denoted as OH-COOH-MON-TEPT. A substantial proportion of OH-COOH-MON-TEPT was intricately decorated EDA-Fe3O4, creating a well-designed configuration (EDA-Fe3O4 @OH-COOH-MON-TEPT-EDC) for superior adsorption of the target analytes phenylurea herbicides (PUHs) via magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE). The proposed method showed remarkably low limits of detection ranging from 0.03 to 0.22 ngL-1. Experimental investigations and theoretical analyses unveiled the adsorption mode between EDA-Fe3O4 @OH-COOH-MON-TEPT-EDC and PUHs. These findings establish a robust foundation for potential applications of EDA-Fe3O4 @OH-COOH-MON-TEPT-EDC in the analysis of various polar contaminants.

Liver injury is usually caused by different sources (such as drugs, food, and alcohol), which is regarded as a serious threat to human health. Since the current indicators are not well defined, it is crucial to develop novel probes to characterize the kinetic process of liver injury. In this paper, a novel probe with fluorescence signals, Lyso-ONOO, was synthesized to detect the fluctuating peroxynitrite (ONOO−) level in various acute injury model mice. With the addition of ONOO−, the fluorescence response of Lyso-ONOO exhibited a large Stokes shift of 105 nm under 450 nm excitation. The reaction had the merits of high sensitivity, high selectivity, rapid reaction, and stability under various pH conditions. In addition, Lyso-ONOO had prominent lysosome-targeting ability. It achieved monitoring the exogenous and endogenous ONOO− in human hepatic stellate cells. Further, Lyso-ONOO could display endogenous ONOO− in models of 4T1-xenograft and inflammation in mice. More importantly, Lyso-ONOO could gauge the changing levels of ONOO− in three types (induced by CCl4, APAP, and alcohol) of acute liver injury models and treatments (silybin and bicyclol) of CCl4-induced liver injury mice. Both in vivo imaging and depth-of-penetration fluorescence imaging demonstrated that Lyso-ONOO could characterize the developmental and therapeutic status during the liver injury process by measuring the dynamic change of ONOO−. The monitoring of Lyso-ONOO appeared to be useful in inferring the order of severity in diverse acute liver injury processes and taking into account the efficacy of treatment regimens, which might provide important information for corresponding research.

Fluorescent cuprous iodide (CuI)-based coordination polymers (CuI-CPs) were widely used in the sensor field for high selectivity and sensitivity. Here, a new CuI-CP fluorescent probe was fabricated for the detection of spermine, spermidine and cysteine with dual-mode, which was capable of both convenient colorimetric analysis and ratiometric fluorescent detection. The fluorescence of CuI-CP solution was quenched and the solution changed from white to purple upon addition of spermine or spermidine, while the solution changed from white to yellow for cysteine. This probe exhibited selective, sensitive, rapid and linear response to spermine, spermidine and cysteine with a limit of detection of 0.57, 1.06 and 1.18 & mu;M, respectively. Furthermore, cellulose acetate was used as the matrix to fabricate intelligent fluorescent film for real-time and visual monitoring the freshness of pork samples based on distinct fluorescence changes under UV light. This work realized a rapid, efficient, and profitable method for visually evaluating food quality.

Sulfonic acid-functionalized covalent organic frameworks (COF-SO3) as a coating of stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) for capturing three fluoroquinolones from milk have been developed. The COF-SO3 material was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and infrared spectroscopy. Milk without any typical treatments like protein precipitation and defatting was only diluted five times with water for test. Combined with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), a SBSE-HPLC method was established for detecting fluoroquinolones in milk samples. The corresponding wide linear ranges (4.00–500.0 µg L−1), low detection limits (1.20–2.62 µg L−1), good test repeatability (RSD < 5.2

Pine wilt disease is a devastating forest disaster caused by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, which has brought inestimable economic losses to the world’s forestry due to lack of effective prevention and control measures. In this paper, a porous structure CuBTC was designed to deliver avermectin (AM) and a control vector insect Japanese pine sawyer (JPS) of B. xylophilus, which can improve the biocompatibility, anti-photolysis and delivery efficacy of AM. The results illustrated the cumulative release of pH-dependent AM@CuBTC was up to 12 days (91.9%), and also effectively avoided photodegradation (pH 9.0, 120 h, retention 69.4%). From the traceable monitoring experiment, the AM@CuBTC easily penetrated the body wall of the JPS larvae and was transmitted to tissue cells though contact and diffusion. Furthermore, AM@CuBTC can effectively enhance the cytotoxicity and utilization of AM, which provides valuable research value for the application of typical plant-derived nerve agents in the prevention and control of forestry pests. AM@CuBTC as an environmentally friendly nanopesticide can efficiently deliver AM to the larval intestines where it is absorbed by the larvae. AM@CuBTC can be transmitted to the epidemic wood and dead wood at a low concentration (10 mg/L).

[目的]通过系统解析松褐天牛在黑松和赤松内的蛀道结构,了解其蛀食特征,为完善松褐天牛隐蔽生活过程中的生物生态学习性和科学利用天敌昆虫、病原微生物和注射药物防治松褐天牛提供依据.[方法]于松褐天牛越冬期,人工解剖了松褐天牛危害的黑松和赤松木段,获得其完整蛀道.分别测量了蛀道长度、蛀屑堵塞长度、侵入孔内径、蛹室内径、?蛀屑含水率、侵入孔与羽化孔的相对方位等蛀食特征,并分析了松褐天牛幼虫大小与寄主树种和蛀食特征的关系.[结果]松褐天牛在黑松和赤松中的蛀道均为"U"形,类型单一,蛀道间互不串通,在侵入孔端部存在蛀屑堵塞,多数羽化孔在侵入孔上方;松褐天牛的蛀食特征与个体大小和寄主树种的相关性均较小.[结论]松褐天牛在木质部隐蔽蛀食的特性比较规律,受寄主树种种类影响较小,蛀道结构均呈"U"形,蛀道的部分被蛀屑-粪便混合物堵塞.

Triazine herbicides are a category of key and broad-spectrum herbicides in agricultural crops. However, their unintended and excessive use has caused irreparable damage to environmental and agro-food safety concerns, thus harming human health. Herein, we report on a new hydroxylated microporous organic network (OH−MON) with a permanent micropore of 1.72 nm, high surface area, and high stability, synthesized by simple Sonogashira–Hagihara polymerization. When utilized as an advanced solid-phase extraction adsorbent for efficient adsorption of triazine herbicides, this established analytical approach showed an ultra-low detection limit (0.03−0.15 ng∙L -1 ), and a satisfactory reproducibility attributable to the generated rich selective hydrogen-bonding groups on the highly accessible inner skeleton, as demonstrated by the theoretical calculation and selectivity test. This study suggested the enormous practical application potential of OH−MON for preconcentration and detection of triazine herbicides in a complex matrix.

Abstract Background Pine wilt disease as a devastating forest disaster result from Bursaphelenchus xylophilus that spread by stem-borers Monochamus alternatus feeding on pine leaves, which has brought inestimable economic losses to the world's forestry due to lack of effective prevention and control measures. In this paper, we put forward a proposal for utilizing nanoHKUST-1 to encapusulate the Pyrethrins II that a nerve agent extracted from plant to control M. alternatus, including toxicity mechanism research, traceable biopesticide monitoring, and environment assessment for the first time. The highly biocompatible nanoHKUST-1 can solve the problems of poor water solubility, easy degradation and low control efficiency of Pyrethrins II. Results The results illustrated the biopesticide loading efficiency of PthII@HKUST-1 reached 85% and the cumulative release of pH-dependent PthII@HKUST-1 was up to 15 days (90%), and also effectively avoid photodegradation (pH 7.0, retention 60.9%). 50 nm PthII@HKUST-1 made it easily penetrate the body wall of MA larvae and transmit to tissue cells through contact and diffusion. Moreover, PthII@HKUST-1 can effectively enhance the cytotoxicity and utilization of Pyrethrins II, which will provide valuable research value for the application of typical plant-derived nerve agents in the prevention and control of forestry pests. PthII@HKUST-1 as an environmentally friendly nano-pesticide can efficiently deliver Pyrethrins II to the larval intestines and absorbed by the larvae. PthII@HKUST-1 could also be transmitted to the epidemic wood and dead wood at a low concentration (10 mg/L). Conclusion Here we speculate that nanoHKUST-1 will bring new opportunity to research biopesticide inhibition mechanism of different agricultural and forestry pests, which will break through the existing research limitations on development, utilization and traceable monitoring of biopesticide, especially for the study of targeting specific proteins. Graphical Abstract

Most plant viruses require insect vectors for transmission. One of the key steps for the transmission of persistent-circulative plant viruses is overcoming the gut barrier to enter epithelial cells. To date, little has been known about viral cofactors in gut epithelial cells of insect vectors. Here, we identified flotillin 2 as a plasma membrane protein that facilitates the infection of rice stripe virus (RSV) in its vector, the small brown planthopper. Flotillin 2 displayed a prominent plasma membrane location in midgut epithelial cells. The nucleocapsid protein of RSV and flotillin 2 colocalized on gut microvilli, and a nanomolar affinity existed between the two proteins. Knockout of flotillin 2 impeded the entry of virions into epithelial cells, resulting in a 57% reduction of RSV levels in planthoppers. The knockout of flotillin 2 decreased disease incidence in rice plants fed by viruliferous planthoppers from 40% to 11.7%. Furthermore, flotillin 2 mediated the infection of southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus in its vector, the white-backed planthopper. This work implies the potential of flotillin 2 as a target for controlling the transmission of rice stripe disease. IMPORTANCE Plant viral diseases are a major threat to world agriculture. The transmission of 80% of plant viruses requires vector insects, and 54% of vector-borne plant viruses are persistent-circulative viruses, which must overcome the barriers of gut cells with the help of proteins on the cell surface. Here, we identified flotillin 2 as a membrane protein that mediates the cell entry of rice stripe virus in its vector insect, small brown planthopper. Flotillin 2 displays a prominent cellular membrane location in midgut cells and can specifically bind to virions. The loss of flotillin 2 impedes the entry of virions into the midgut cells of vector insects and substantially suppresses viral transmission to rice. Therefore, flotillin 2 may be a promising target gene for manipulation in vector insects to control the transmission of rice stripe disease and perhaps that of other rice virus diseases in the future.

[目的]明确花绒寄甲1龄幼虫触角及口器上的感器类型、分布与数量.[方法]挑选孵化12h以内的花绒寄甲1龄幼虫,经前处理,利用场发射扫描电子显微镜观察.[结果]花绒寄甲1龄幼虫头部着生触角、上颚、下颚、下唇各1对.触角为丝状,由柄节、梗节、鞭节组成,柄节上分布着Bohm's鬃毛1个、梗节上有凹窝感器1个,锥形感器Ⅰ 1个,锥形感器Ⅱ3个,鞭节上无感器分布;口器为前口式,嚼吸式,上颚具毛形感器1个、Bohm's鬃毛1个,下唇具指形感器9个,下颚具指形感器6个.[结论]花绒寄甲1龄幼虫触角及口器上既有物理感器,又有化学感器,共计5种感器23个,其中指形感器成簇分布,其他感器皆零散分布.

Contamination of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in agricultural products have attracted more and more attentions recently. In this review, relationship between PFASs and vegetables is summarized comprehensively. PFASs could transfer to cultivation soils by irrigation water, bio-amended soil, and atmospheric deposition mainly from industrial emissions. Carbon chain length of PFASs, species of vegetables and so on are key factors for PFASs migration and bioaccumulation in soils, plants and vegetables. Studies on food risk assessment of PFOA and PFOS show low consumption risk for most vegetables, however researches on other substances are lacking. In the future, we need to pay more attention on novel pollution pathway in cultivation, traceability research for considerable contamination, dietary exposure levels for different vegetables and more substances, as well as more exact and scientific food risk assessments. Additionally, effective means for PFASs adsorption in soil and removal from soil are also expected.

Abstract Background: Pests affect the sustainable development of agriculture and forestry, and seriously threaten food safety and ecological health, the research for efficient and green control measures never stop. Pesticides are currently the most effective means to control pests and ensure food supplies. However, the various drawbacks of traditional pesticide formulations make the utilization low, and most of active ingredients flow into the air, groundwater and soil, destroying the environment. In this research, a novel nano pesticide formulation was synthesized to improve the utilization, with control release performance and anti-photolysis especially. CuBTC, a metal organic framework (MOF) material, was designed as carrier to absorb avermectin (AVM), a commonly used pesticide in agriculture and forestry, to prepare nano pesticide. Results: The prepared AVM@CuBTC had slow release properties, could be released continuously for about 120 h, and the cumulative release exceed 91.5%, and had a more stable release process under different acid-base conditions. The particle size of AVM@CuBTC was about 450 nm, and the loading efficiency reached 38%. The AVM@CuBTC nano pesticide could protect AVM from photolysis, and the amount of degradation was reduced by 50.7% after 5 d treatment. In addition, the particles AVM@FITC@CuBTC were prepared by labeling with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) to research the distribution on larval epidermis, to clarify the coverage, adhesion and permeability of AVM@CuBTC. Finally, the cytotoxicity and contact toxicity of AVM@CuBTC was compared with free AVM, the cytotoxicity and contact toxicity increased by 42.4% and 39.6%, respectively. Conclusion: The cytotoxicity and contact toxicity of AVM are the key factors for the control of pests. Applying AVM@CuBTC to the prevention and control of agricultural and forestry pests is of great significance to the reduction of pesticides and environmental friendliness.

Novel core shell structured magnetic covalent organic frameworks were synthesized at room temperature and first applied in water samples for the enrichment of trace polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) through magnetic solid-phase extraction. The prepared materials were characterized through transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, vibrating sample magnetometer and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. During adsorption, the parameters affecting extraction and desorption efficiency were further optimized. Combined gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/MS) revealed that high enrichment factors (275-292), low limits of detection (0.12-0.38 ng L-1), wide linear ranges (0.5-1000 ng L-1), and good reproducibility (intra-day 1.40%-4.31% and inter-day 5.14%-9.12%) were obtained under optimal conditions. The method successfully detected PBDEs in different water samples. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) plays diverse roles in the animal kingdom. However, whether ACE plays an immune function against viral infection in vector insects is unclear. In this study, an ACE gene (LsACE) from the small brown planthopper was found to respond to Rice stripe virus (RSV) infection. The enzymatic activities of LsACE were characterized at different pH and temperature. Twenty planthopper proteins were found to interact with LsACE. RSV infection significantly upregulated LsACE expression in the testicle and fat body. When the expression of LsACE in viruliferous planthoppers was inhibited, the RNA level of the RSV SP gene was upregulated 2-fold in planthoppers, and all RSV genes showed higher RNA levels in the rice plants consumed by these planthoppers, leading to a higher viral infection rate and disease rating index. These results indicate that LsACE plays a role in the immune response against RSV transmission by planthoppers.

采用不同吸附方式(活性炭吸附法、Tenax吸附法、固相微萃取法和顶空进样法),结合气相色谱串联质谱,对二白杨受害树皮中的挥发性物质进行分析,比较不同吸附方式的吸附效果,结果表明:二白杨受害树皮的挥发物主要有烷烃类、醇类、酯类、酚类、醛类、芳香烃类、酮类、烯类、酸类、胺类等物质;不同吸附方法测定的物质种类差异性明显,通过对挥发物的数量和响应面积的综合比较,Tenax吸附法和顶空进样法两种吸附方法吸附二白杨受害树皮挥发性物质较好.

Objective:To identify the damage character,population dynamics and formulate critical control points of the key pests of wolfberry,Lycium barbarum for achieving green prevention and control.Methods:The wolfberry production status of the main producing areas was investigated in July to September of 2009,2013,2015.And the major pest population dynamics with different control measures were recorded in Zhongning county,Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,China in April to October of 2012 to 2015.Combing with these two surveys,the occurrence regularity and the control tactics of the main pests of wolfberry were analyzed and discussed.Results and Conclusion:The damage character and population dynamics of the main pests of wolfberry in different producing areas had different characteristics.It was significant to control the overwinter pests in autumn or early spring.As different pests occupied different ecological niches,the competition between each other were reduced in time and space.During the growing season,the implementation of the corresponding prevention measures can effectively improve the control effect and reduce pesticide consumption according to the critical control points.As there were always many similar characteristics between the same species pests,this research provided theoretical basis to the production of wolfberry in different region.

本文研究了不同温度、不同处理时间对美国白蛾核型多角体病毒(Hyphantria cunea nuclear polyhedrosis virus,HcNPV)水剂和干粉活性的影响,研究结果表明:随着温度升高和持续时间增长,HcNPV活性降低,LT50变长;病毒干粉比病毒水剂对温度的耐受性强,但其LT50会显著延长.55℃水浴处理HcNPV水剂60 min,其活性仍有67％.在水浴100℃条件下处理15 min,其致病率仅有17.41％,病毒干粉在烘箱120℃条件下处理15 min,致病率为47.91％.

为评估在桑蚕区使用美国白蛾核型多角体病毒对家蚕的安全性,选择2～4龄家蚕幼虫,在起蚕后添食浓度为1.06×107～1.06×108 PIBs/mL美国白蛾核型多角体病毒,观察其生长发育及蚕茧品质指标.结果表明,取食了病毒的家蚕幼虫在眠蚕体重、上茧率、全茧量、茧层量、蛹羽化率和受精雌成虫单雌产卵量等指标上,与对照组没有显著差异.表明美国白蛾核型多角体病毒对家蚕是安全的.

目的:研究枸杞红瘿蚊Jaapiella sp.的发生规律,为田间适时防治提供科学依据.方法:结合田间调查数据和相关研究,对枸杞红瘿蚊的危害特点、发生规律以及防治策略等进行了分析探讨.结果与结论:在宁夏中宁地区,枸杞红瘿蚊一年可发生6代,其中以第1代、第2代、第3代和第6代危害最为严重.田间防治建议以秋季入蛰前和春季出蛰后防治越冬代为主,结合多种防治措施实现综合防治.

The vertical and horizontal distributions of Pseudorobitis gibbus adults on Lagerstroemia indica were analyzed by using the aggregation indices and geostatistics. The results from aggregation index methods indicated that its vertical distribution was an aggregated distribution, and the aggregation average (lambda) was above two, showing that the aggregation resulted from its bionomics and behaviors, not from the environmental factors. The results of geostatistic analysis showed that the best fitting models for the five different sampling data in June 4, June 16, June 29, July 25 and August 22 were Gaussian, Gaussian, Linear, Gaussian and Linear models, respectively, but random models in July 12 and August 7. It was concluded that the horizontal distribution of the pest was aggregated on the whole, and there existed a spatial correlation ranging from 1.68 to 9.79 m on the different dates.