This research enacted the grades of musk deer by observing the coat colour,mental status,breath,excrement and urine of them.In order to make effective measures,we combined with breeding and muskiness secretion.The results could be used for disease prevention,breeding and muskiness secretion.These measures were helpful for increasing the development and the level of musk deer cultivation.

Catching technology has not solved well in the past fifty years,This article states some flaws and insufficiency by using hand,the net,darkroom or an aesthesia to catch Musk deer,application of these technologies often brought about hurt to musk deer.In recent years,author carried out the repeated experiment to catch Musk deer by a kind of cage and made the good progress.The technology is simple,economical and durable,it is versatile,rapid and no injury method to catch Musk deer.I will be more valuable for raising Musk deer.

In this study,we found that there were close relations between the farm site,the pen structure and the raising effect.The effect of raising the musk deer altitude above 2 600 meters was poor,while among 1 200-1 500 meters is good for raising the musk deer.Adult deer survival rate was over 95%,comparing with the former,it was increased by about 20%,survival rate of young deer was 93%,about 23% more than the former.Altitude,latitude,temperature,and vegetation are important factors for choosing the farm site.

花面狸养殖是一项新兴养殖业,发展很快,现有20多个省、市建有50多个养殖场,养殖规模越来越大,有的场种兽达1000多只.但由于花面狸具有与其他野生动物不同的一些特性,所以,就给养殖带来了一定困难.为了解决养殖中存在的这些问题,作者自1991年以来对一些应用技术进行了研究,试验研制出了造价低、使用方便、安全、省人省力、效果好,便于推广应用的带钩棍及固定笼.在花面狸养殖中取得了良好效果.

花面狸养殖已有20年的历史,现我国有北京、河北、山东、山西、陕西、河南、四川、湖北、上海、湖南、江西、广东、广西等省(区)市进行养殖,养殖规模种兽在50～1000只,多在150～300只.随着养殖业的不断发展,种群越来越大,进行科学养殖显得非常重要.要搞好饲养管理、繁殖、疾病防治,其中重要工作之一就是要做好建档、登记,要做好此项工作就要给花面狸作标记、编号.关于如何给花面狸作标记、编号,国内外未见报道,作者于1984～2001年进行了花面狸标记、编号试验及推广,现将结果成文,供参考.

在自然状态下,花面狸多分布在海拔1000m以下气候温暖的地方.若冬季气温在-15℃以下花面狸就很难成活,3月气温低于15℃的地方很难繁殖.通常越冬时的气温以5～15℃为宜,繁殖时的气温以25～35℃为宜.繁殖季节往往由于气温的变化影响了繁殖,如1996年和1998年陕西省2～4月气温忽高忽低,多在13～25℃,所以这里的花面狸发情配种到4月初才开始,比往年推后了20～30天.而把北方花面狸引到南方沿海一些省养殖时,它们的冬眠期比北方缩短了45～50天,繁殖期提前45天左右,即北方(陕西)一般3月上旬开始发情,而南方1月中旬就开始了.所以引种养殖成功与否,气温、海拔高度起决定因素.

1日粮拟定 1.1根据花面狸食性及消化特点来配备饲料对肉消化吸收能力最强,果类和谷物饲料次之,未粉碎的果类、大粒谷物饲料,即使煮熟也很难消化.对含纤维多的蔬菜、草等消化力很差,常见到吃进纤维多的蔬菜或草仍原样排出.

花面狸是典型的夜行性动物,性机警,具有较强的领域性和集群性,自卫力强,咬入,给饲养管理、繁殖、疾病防治等带来诸多不便.

不同种类的动物,其生物学特性都有较大差异.无论养殖哪一种动物,首先要考虑养殖条件怎样才能适应这种动物的生物学特性,使之很好的成活、繁殖、生长发育,充分发挥其生产性能,相反,就不会取得好的效果.