Combined effects of electrolysis and ultrasound on the population of E. coli bacteria in aqueous solution of sodium sulfate were investigated. The kinetics of bacteria inactivation was determined employing these water purification techniques. It has been shown that the combination of ultrasonic and electrochemical treatments of aqueous solution significantly increases the rate of bacterial inactivation. It has been suggested that hydroxyl radicals formed as a result of the reaction occurred after treatment of aqueous solution by employing a combination of electrolysis and ultrasound are responsible for the death of bacteria. A correlation between the rate of hydroxyl radical formation and the inactivation rate of bacteria has been obtained.

The physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of new nonwoven materials based on heat-resistant fibers were studied. An analysis of existing nonwoven materials of various fibrous compositions, as well as effective water-repellent compositions, was carried out. A technique has been developed for the production of hydrophobized nonwoven materials using solutions of fluorine-containing latex. Bulk density values of samples were determined, thermogravimetric analysis was carried out, mechanical properties (values of breaking load and elongation at break), water absorption, and other technical characteristics of the developed material were studied, and an experimental batch was manufactured.

The combined effects of electrolysis and ultrasound on the population of E. coli bacteria in an aqueous solution of sodium sulfate have been studied. The kinetics of bacterial inactivation with this method for water purification have been determined. It has been shown that the combined effect of ultrasonic and electrochemical treatment of an aqueous solution significantly increased the rate of bacterial inactivation. It has been suggested that hydroxyl radicals formed during combined treatment are responsible for the death of bacteria. A correlation has been found between the rate of formation of hydroxyl radicals and the rate of inactivation of bacteria.

A simple and effective technique for express diagnostics of materials, which allows for the most efficient preparation of samples, the actual measurements, and obtaining data on material parameters, in particular, on the dispersion of the permittivity, is proposed. An express method for impedance spectroscopy of small samples at frequencies from 20 kHz to 1 GHz has been developed on the basis of a vector network analyzer using a conical coaxial measuring cell and adapters for connecting two-pole objects to the coaxial input of the device. The measuring cell is designed for disk samples with a diameter of up to 6 mm with a maximum volume of up to 0.1 cm 3 as well as for samples in the form of rectangular plates that can be inscribed in a circle of the same diameter. Adapters also make it possible to connect two-terminal networks in the form of concentrated hinged or surface-mounted elements. In contrast to measurements in a coaxial path, the proposed technique does not require an accurate connecting transverse dimension, which allows for prompt sample preparation. The issues of determining the frequency range in which the measurement error does not exceed the allowable value are considered. A method is proposed for increasing the upper limit of the operating frequency of the measuring cell with the test sample using additional calibration. The developed program for controlling the processes of standard and additional calibration and the process of measurements in a certain frequency range, at which the measurement error does not exceed the permissible value, makes it possible to obtain the values of resistance, capacitance, inductance, and other electrical characteristics of the measuring cell with the sample under study within a few seconds.

A relation has been established between the decrement of the low-field magnetic spin effect (measured by the luminescence of polymer films of composites with rubrene microcrystals), caused by the addition of magnetic Cu–Ni nanoparticles with a low Curie temperature ( T C = 40–60°C), and the photoinduced particle magnetic moment exceeding the dark moment. Based on the study of the temperature dependence of the decrement and its comparison with the thermal demagnetization of the dark magnetic moment, a conclusion was made about a possible mechanism for the photothermal magnetization of nanoparticles.

Considerable enhancement (by 5 to 6 times) is observed in the photoelectric sensitivity (up to 300 m 2 /J) and quantum yield of charge carrier photogeneration in the absorption band of a long-wavelength dye in the range of 600–720 nm upon using a short-wavelength dye absorbing in the 400–600 nm range (a synergistic effect) while sensitizing photoconductive polyimide layers with a mixture of two dyes of the rylene series in order to obtain panchromatic sensitivity. It is established there is also an increase in the length of carrier drift under conditions of the synergistic effect. A photovoltaic effect is detected and investigated in sandwich cells with Al and indium–tin oxide (ITO) electrodes. A possible mechanism of this effect is proposed.

The spectral luminescent and electrophysical properties of polymer films based on poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone with the stabilized derivatives of tetraphenylporphyrin in various aggregation states (monomers, J- and H-aggregates) were investigated. Films containing a monomolecular form of porphyrins are characterized by intensive fluorescence. For films with J-aggregates an electric response that was not practically observed in the case of H-aggregates was detected. The films obtained are also characterized by optical and electric response to pH change, particularly in the presence of ammonia and hydrogen chloride vapors. The obtained data allow polymeric films with immobilized porphyrins to be considered as potential material for the creation of film systems for sensor applications, photovoltaics, molecular electronics, and photocatalysis. The variability of the film synthesis methodology allows the aggregation state of the immobilized porphyrins to be changed directionally, which provides the possibility of obtaining films of hybrid organic materials with the desired photophysical properties.

Abstract Using a mixture of two rylene dyes (D1 (400-620 nm and D2 (620-720 nm)) for obtaining polyimide composites with panchromatic photoelectrical sensitivity (PES) (400-720 nm) the considerable increase of both PES value and photogeneration charge carrier quantum yield in D2 absorption band is revealed caused by the presence of D1 dye (Synergetic Effect (SE)). The conditions of SE appearance and its mechanism are investigated.

The effect a weak magnetic field in the hyperfine (HFI) range (Н < 1 kG) has on the yield of luminescence, excitonic photoconductivity (EPC) (spin magnetic effects, or SMEs), and the drop in SMEs upon adding magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) with lowered Curie points (40–60°C) (the SME decrement) is determined for composite polymeric films containing rubrene microcrystals at room temperature. Investigation of the photocurrent kinetics in real time scales shows that in addition to the non-inertial EPC (with times shorter than 1 s), there is a weaker inertial (time, 23.5 min) secondary thermostimulated current (TSC) caused by the capture of photo-generated current carriers by deep centers with subsequent thermal release, and lacking sensitivity to the magnetic field. It is determined that the centers of capture are MNPs with considerable affinity toward electrons. The formation of a supply of long-lived MNP−s (captured carriers) results in a marked decrement of SMEs on the EPC. A peak of MNP–s (nanoparticles with captured electrons), formed upon both the dark electron transition and the capture of photoelectrons, is observed at Н = 2830–2900 G in the spectra of the ferromagnetic resonance for the composite films. It is concluded that such a notable decrement of SMEs on the EPC is associated with the substantial change in MNP magnetic characteristics upon the capture of electrons, as was observed earlier for interaction with excitons (an indirect mechanism of interaction).

An improved way of measuring the specific surface area of carbon materials that is based on the adsorption of methylene blue is proposed. It is found that the proposed method is more accurate for microand mesoporous carbon materials than the one described in GOST (State Standard) 13144-79. It is shown that the method ensures good correlation with the measured specific electric capacitances of the materials and allows us to assess the geometric shape and average size of mesopores in an investigated carbon material.

A carbon material capable of reversible electrochemical oxidation and reduction with relatively high electrical conductivity was prepared by ozonation of thermally reduced graphene oxide. The specific discharge energy for such materials used in lithium ion electrochemical cell cathodes with non-aqueous electrolytes (LP-71) can reach 540 W h/kg at 40 mA/g current, while the average specific discharge power is 11.5 kW/kg at 5 A/g current. The specific charge after 2500 charge/discharge cycles at 5 A/g current was at a level of 93% of the initial value. The obtained materials appear promising for the design of new electricity storage systems.

Показана возможность расширения электрохимического окна и значительного увеличения запасаемой электрической энергии устройствами типа ионисторов (суперконденсаторов) при использовании в их составе полимерных электролитов на примере полиаспартата лития.