Brassica has long been of paramount importance to agriculture and human nutrition.Among the Brassica genus,Brassica rapa,the AA diploid,stands out as a prominent representative,valued for its versatility both as a vegetable and oil crop and its genetic proximity to other Brassica species.Economically,B.rapa plays an important role in the food industry,contributing to 12％of the global edible oil supply and 10％of vegetable yield[1].

Clubroot caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae is a devastating disease of Cruciferous crops. Developing cultivars with clubroot resistance (CR) is the most effective control measure. For the two major Brassica vegetable species B. rapa and B. oleracea, several commercial cultivars with unclear CR pedigrees have been intensively used as CR donors in breeding. However, the continuous occurrence of CR-breaking makes the CR pedigree underlying these cultivars one of the breeders' most urgent concerns. The complex intraspecific diversity of these two major Brassica vegetables has also limited the applicability of CR markers in different breeding programs. Here we first traced the pedigree underlying two kinds of CR that have been widely applied in breeding by linkage and introgression analyses based on public resequencing data. In B. rapa, a major locus CRzi8 underlying the CR of the commercial CR donor 'DegaoCR117' was identified. CRzi8 was further shown to have been introgressed from turnip (B. rapa ssp. rapifera) and that it carried a potential functional allele of Crr1a. The turnip introgression carried CRbc, sharing the same coding sequence with the CRb that was also identified from chromosome C07 of B. oleracea CR cultivars with different morphotypes. Within natural populations, variation analysis of linkage intervals of CRzi8, PbBa8.1, CRb, and CRbc yielded easily resolved InDel markers (>20 bp) for these fundamental CR genes. The specificity of these markers was tested in diverse cultivars panels, and each exhibited high reliability in breeding. Our research demonstrates the value of the practice of applying resequencing big data to solve urgent concerns in breeding programs.

Since the commercialization of lithium-ion battery in 1991, it has promoted human society development for nearly three decades. Due to its higher energy density, Ni-rich layered oxides currently stand out as the most promising cathode materials to build power batteries for portable electronic devices and new energy electric vehicles. However, the severe side effects on the electrode/electrolyte interface and the structural instability of the material hinder its development, and a lot of research focus on improving the cycling stability and rate capability of nickel-rich cathode material. Here, a facile treatment with Na2PO3F was carried out to modify the Ni-rich LiNi0.83Co0.11Mn0.06O2 material at surface and bulk regions by using wet methods. By virtue of the fact that Na2PO3F dissolves in water and releases fluorine ions, a F- doped and LiF coated Ni-rich LiNi0.83Co0.11Mn0.06O2 material was obtained. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed that (003) peak shifted to a higher angle due to the replacement of O2- by smaller F-. Besides, the XRD Rietveld refinement and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) sputtering data determined that part of F- ions had been successfully doped into the lattice, and the basic layer structure of the material was still well preserved in the process of modification. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy disperse spectroscopy (EDS), and transmission electron microscope (TEM) combined with XPS proved the existence of surface LiF coating layer. The 2 similar to 10 nm LiF layer was uniformly covered onto the surface of the cathode material, acting as a physical barrier against direct corrosion from the electrolyte, thus enhancing the cycling stability. In addition, the lithium ion diffusion coefficients (D-Li(+)) for bare and modified samples were calculated from cyclic voltammetry test results, which reveals a better rate capability from the synergistic effect of surface LiF coating and lattice F- doping. The electrochemical tests also showed a better cycling stability and enhanced rate capability of the modified samples: within 2.75 similar to 4.3 V, the capacity retention after 200 cycles at 1 C-rate had been elevated from 32.2% to 65.2%; the discharge capacity under 10 C-rate was also improved from 145.7 to 161.5 mAh/g. To elaborate the improved effect, post-cycling characterizations were conducted. The morphology of modified particles after 200 cycles at 1 C still maintained intact grains, in contrast with the bare samples, exhibiting many micro-cracks. XPS spectra on decorated cathodes after cycling showed weaker signals of by-products including LW, LixPOyFz, NiF2 in the CEI layer, indicating side reaction on the interface was effectively suppressed, thus contributing to enhancing the cycling stability. The applicable method herein demonstrates a promising solution for improvement of Ni-rich cathode materials and their coming commercial application.

洪山菜薹是紫菜薹的珍稀品种,稀特的国家级蔬菜珍宝,武汉市传统名菜,历史上被称作"金殿御菜",与武汉另一特产"武昌鱼",被誉为"楚天"两大名菜[1,2].洪山菜薹肥美粗壮,色泽艳丽,质地脆嫩,食味微甜,风味独特,清香可口,俗称"大股子",因原产于武汉市洪山区一带而得名,距今已有1700多年的栽培历史[3].2005年12月31日,原国家质检总局批准对洪山菜薹实施地理标志产品保护,2017年,洪山菜薹正式被确定为农业部地理标志农产品.

介绍了洪山菜薹(Brassica rapa ssp.Chinensis var.purpurea)的栽培历史、生长环境、特征特性、开发利用和栽培技术.洪山菜薹主栽品种大股子品质优良,从播种到采收主薹90～120 d,株高70～80 cm,开展度80～90 cm,菜薹表皮紫红色,有蜡粉,薹基部粗壮,横径平均2.5 cm,最大横径可达5 cm以上,薹长35～50 cm,单薹重可达100 g,平均60～80 g.

薄皮甜瓜又叫香瓜、梨瓜、东方甜瓜,原产于中国、日本、朝鲜等地,是甜瓜的一种重要生态类型,具有耐热、耐湿、耐雨水的优良特性,非常适合露地栽培,而且因品质优良,深受消费者欢迎,因此在大多数年份种植收益都较高.湖北省是我国长江流域夏季甜瓜优势生产区和主产区之一[1],生产面积常年稳定在20 010 hm2左右,其中,薄皮甜瓜常年种植面积11 357.4 hm2,占总生产面积的56.76％[2].以春季小拱棚双膜覆盖早熟栽培及春季露地地膜覆盖栽培为主,秋季栽培面积和大棚早熟栽培面积很小,约占总面积的6.4％.

Bolting time is a crucial agronomic trait for yield and quality in purple cai-tai (Brassica. rapa L. var. purpurea), but the genetic mechanism controlling the procedure remains unknown. In the present study, a double haploid (DH) population derived from two inbred lines of purple cai-tai 4-1 and 040-3 was constructed to identify the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) of bolting time. Genetic linkage map was performed by JoinMap version 3.0 using SSR, SRAP and ESTP molecular markers. A total of one hundred and thirty-eight molecular markers were integrated into ten linkage groups (LGs), which were anchored to the corresponding chromosome of the B. rapa reference genome. The genetic linkage map covers 1253.1 cM, with an average distance of 9.08 cM between two adjacent markers. Five quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified to control bolting time and explaining variations from 17.7 to 44.2%. The genetic results of bolting time will be useful for future breeding of late bolting in purple cai-tai. Key words: Purple cai-tai (Brassica rapa L. var. purpurea), bolting time, quantitative trait loci (QTL).

红菜薹主要分布在长江中下游地区,种植面积占秋冬露地蔬菜的10％左右[1]. 受土壤酸化和连作的影响, 近年来红菜薹根肿病的为害面积逐渐扩大,严重的地块已不能种植红菜薹,影响了红菜薹的可持续健康生产,抗病品种的选育能有效解决红菜薹根肿病为害问题[2～4]. 为此,2008-2014年,湖北省农业科学院经济作物研所利用抗根肿病大白菜资源,通过多年回交转育,选育出抗根肿病自交系,再经过杂交配组选育出2个抗根肿病的红菜薹杂交组合HCR1和HCR2;2015-2016年在长阳火烧坪、江夏、鄂州等红菜薹种植基地根肿病发生严重的地块进行生产试种,表现为高抗根肿病[4]. 其中,杂交组合HCR1为无蜡粉类型, 中熟,2017-2018年以商品名紫御70在江夏、 鄂州等地进行了推广种植,反映良好. 2018年11月30日湖北省园艺学会蔬菜专业委员会在武汉组织有关专家,对湖北省农业科学院经济作物研究所选育的红菜薹新品种紫御70进行了现场考察和鉴评,田间表现抗根肿病.

苦瓜(Momordica charantia)属于葫芦科苦瓜属一年生攀缘性草本植物,喜温、喜湿,但不耐渍,广泛分布于亚热带、热带及温带地区,果实具有增进食欲,提高免疫力等作用[1].苦瓜在中国栽培历史悠久(公元1406年),现在全国各地基本都有种植,特别是在南方普遍栽培,尤以广东、广西、福建、湖南、四川等地栽培面积较大, 一般主要有春小拱棚、春露地地膜覆盖、夏秋茬、秋大棚等多种栽培茬口.科学种植苦瓜,选择适宜的播种期和栽培方式,可以大幅度提高种植户的经济效益 [2].

The characteristics and cultivation points of cabbage Ziyu60 with purple flowering stalk were introduced. Ziyu 60 is a hybrid prepared by using Ogura cytoplasmic male sterile line ZY1422 as the female parent and anti-root disease inbred line GJ3 as the male parent. It is precocious and cultivated in autumn and winter in Wuhan for about 60-65 days, with high resistance to clubroot disease, vegetable meal has a small amount of wax powder, ochre purple, fleshy light green, good quality.

从2008年开始,以选育抗根肿病红菜薹品种为目的,利用抗根肿病大白菜品种德高,通过多代回交和自交获得13份抗根肿病的自交系,从中筛选出2个抗根肿病的红菜薹组合HCR1和HCR2.2015-2016年在长阳火烧坪、江夏、鄂州根肿病为害严重的地区进行生产试种,结果表明,选育出的红菜薹新组合HCR1和HCR2对当地根肿病具有良好的抗性.

Ehong No.5 Purple-caitai is a hybrid developed by crossbreeding with the male sterile line ZY1012 as female par-ent and the inbred line HCT1067 as male parent, it is a middle-late mature variety, from sowing to harvesting 81 to 85 d. The Purple-caitai is less wax powder, red color, tender stalk diameter, single stalk weight 30～50 g,the stalk long 25～40 cm. The leaf of stalk is lanceolate, with excellent flavor quality, good appearance, and good comprehensive characters. Generally the production of every 667 square meters in autumn planting is about 2000 kg.

During 2010 to 2011 year,a new margina1 scorch was detected in Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis L.var. utilis Tsen et Lee on the high mountain in Hubei. The pathogens hctyk1 were iso1ated from the disease 1eaves of B.campestris ssp. chinensis var. utilis. The spore morpho1ogy was observed,the ITS sequence were ana1ysed,the bio1ogica1 characteristics were studied. The resu1ts showed that the pathogen was A lternaria alternate (Fr.:Fr.) Keiss1er, the rDNA-ITS sequence data of the pathogenic fungus has been submitted to GenBank (accession number:JQ885954). The letha1 temperature of myce1ium growth was 50℃,the optima1 pH was around 8,the optima1 C-source was g1ucose and the optima1 N-source was yeast extract.

为避免因抽薹而降低萝卜的食用性与商品性,有必要做好抽薹期预测.根据萝卜发育对低温春化的反应特点,2009-2013年在鄂西南高山地区海拔400、800、1200、1600、1800m高度对‘短叶13’、‘雪单一号’2个萝卜品种进行了不同海拔、播期的田间试验及小气候对比观测;引入温度热效应、低温春化效应、光周期敏感性的作物发育速率影响函数,建立了萝卜抽薹生育期的数学模拟模型,并对所建模型进行了校正和检验.结果表明:播种至抽薹生育期所需天数的模拟值与实测值之间平均绝对误差(mean absolute error,MAE)‘短叶13’与‘雪单一号’分别为2.4、2.7天,平均相对误差(mean absolutepercentage error,MAPE)分别为6.87％、3.26％;与有效积温法(MAE分别16.9、16.0天)和PAR日积分法(MAE分别14.7、13.4天)发育期模型相比,2个品种的精度分别提高28％、14.6％以上;模型可以用于高山萝卜错季抽薹期实际预测.

Genetic diversities of 25 cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.var.capitata L) germplasm were analyzed by 16 SSR primers.10 SSR primers performed polymorphism with a total of 32 allelic loci were detected.The average number of allele loci per SSR marker was 3.2 with a range from 1 to 4.The effective alleles were 25 with an average of 2.5.UPGMA clus-tering analysis showed that the 25 cabbage germplasm could be classified into four groups at the similarity coefficient of 0.534, assigning cabbage to their geographical origins and revealing its maturity relationship to a certain extent.This result showed the genetic diversity of the cabbage germplasm from Africa.

为了更合理有效利用山区特有气候资源,提高高山地区辣椒产量及菜农收入,利用2009-2013年在鄂西南山区不同高度不同时间栽培试验及同步气象观测资料,建立了基于光温效应的高山辣椒生育期模型,分析了开花结果期累计光温效应APTE与单株坐果数、辣椒单产相关性,以及鄂西南山区相关气候特征.结果表明,生育期模型对生育期推算明显高于有效积温的推算;单株坐果数、辣椒单产与开花结果期≥16℃持续时间、APTE有显著的正相关;鄂西南海拔800m高度≥16℃持续天数最长,且无高温天气过程出现,1200m以上高海拔地区辣椒适宜开花结果期短,800～1200m是鄂西南山区反季节辣椒生产的最佳高度带.800m以上的中高山地区可以通过保护措施提早辣椒开花结果,从而延长开花结果期,增加辣椒产量.

湖北长阳地区海拔800~1200 m，其利用当地二高山地区昼夜温差大的气候特点，成功示范推广了春大菜-夏西瓜-秋红萝卜三茬三熟模式，其中夏西瓜可在8~9月的平原地区春茬西瓜采收完毕，于秋西瓜尚未上市的空档期进入市场，可卖上好价钱，取得较高的经济效益。全年三茬合计667 m2产量可达9900 kg，收入9900元。

导读：鄂西高山地区栽培夏秋反季节香菜，宜选用耐热、耐抽薹、抗病、抗逆性强的品种；选择海拔1000~1800 m的中性壤土地块种植；5月上旬至7月上旬错开播种，一年多茬种植，足墒时撒播或条播；及时间苗除草，保持园土湿润，加强中后期肥水管理，重点防治猝倒病和叶斑病，及时采收，远距离销售的要做好采后贮运工作，经济效益非常可观，1茬667 m2产值在7500元以上。