Extreme temperature events associated with climate change have led to significant declines in rice production, particularly when they occur during reproductive growth stages. However, existing models lack the ability to capture the distinct effects of sustained versus episodic low-temperature stress. In this study, a two-year temperature-controlled experiment was conducted with two temperature levels to compare the impacts of individual and combined low-temperature stress at booting (BS), flowering (FS), and combined (BS + FS) stages on rice yield and its components. Low-temperature stress occurring at booting and combined stages significantly reduced spikelet fertility in the upper spike and grain number in the lower spike, whereas it showed a stronger effect on the spikelet fertility in the lower spike at flowering stage. Under the same cooling degree-days (CDD), continuous low temperature at 12 degrees C for 8 days at booting caused the largest yield loss (55.3 %), compared with 15.5 % at flowering and 39.3 % under the combined treatment, suggesting that low-temperature stress exerts different cumulative effects across booting and flowering stages. We refined the ORYZA yield formation algorithms using these experimental insights, enabling the model to account for both intermittent low-temperature events and combined stress across booting and flowering stages, thereby better reflecting the conditions observed in rice production. The improved model substantially enhanced simulation accuracy (RMSE reduced from 7.18 to 2.05 g plant-1; D index increased from 0.72 to 0.93), and was further validated against historical low-temperature events at multiple sites in Northeast China. This improvement enhances the reliability of rice yield predictions under field low-temperature scenarios, thereby supporting climate risk assessment and cold-tolerance breeding.

ABSTRACT Under increasing climate variability and the expansion of rice cultivation into marginal cold‐prone environments, low temperature has become a major constraint on yield stability and sustainable rice production. Rice is particularly vulnerable to transient cold stress during reproductive development, and cold injury at the booting stage often causes severe and irreversible yield losses. Improving booting‐stage cold tolerance through genetic approaches is therefore essential for safeguarding food security in high‐latitude rice‐growing regions. In this study, we developed a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population of 144 lines derived from a cross between the highly cold‐tolerant landrace Lijiangxintuanheigu (LTH) and the northern elite japonica cultivar Shennong 265 (SN265) to dissect the genetic basis of booting‐stage cold tolerance. Using spikelet sterility as the primary indicator, we conducted quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping under controlled cold‐stress conditions across two consecutive years. In total, nine QTLs associated with spikelet sterility were identified on chromosomes 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, and 11, each explaining 10.56%–32.49% of the phenotypic variance. Among these loci, a major‐effect QTL on chromosome 2, designated qCTB2, was consistently detected across years and mapping methods and was subsequently validated using near‐isogenic lines derived from a residual heterozygous line. Interaction‐effect analysis revealed strong additive and complementary effects between qCTB2 and other favorable loci, highlighting its central role in pyramiding‐based breeding strategies. Comparative mapping and sequence comparison indicated that qCTB2 is unlikely to be allelic to the known cold‐tolerance‐related gene LGS1, suggesting that qCTB2 likely represents an independent locus contributing to booting‐stage cold tolerance. Overall, this study identifies a robust major‐effect locus, qCTB2, and demonstrates its additive and complementary interactions with other loci, providing a practical genetic framework for pyramiding‐based improvement of booting‐stage cold tolerance and yield stability in high‐latitude rice production systems under increasing climate variability.

Natural antisense transcripts (NATs) correspond to nearly 60% of annotated rice loci, however their functions are largely unknown. In this study, we characterise a rice cis-NAT (NAT1850) that completely overlaps with a rice-specific primary miRNA, pri-miR1850. Pri-miR1850, but not its mature miR1850 products, promotes the accumulation of NAT1850, while NAT1850 overexpression in turn reduces the accumulation of pri-miR1850 transcripts. A 21-nt siRNA (siR1850) derived from the pri-miR1850 transcripts is generated by cleavage of pri-miR1850-NAT1850 dsRNA and overlaps in sequence with miR1850.1 and miR1850.2. Both NAT1850 and siR1850 negatively regulate cold tolerance at both the young-seedling and booting stages. Interestingly, siR1850 targets and represses NPR3, which is also a target of miR1850.1. NPR3 interacts with the WRKY76 transcription factor and acts as a co-transcriptional activator of WRKY76 to trigger DREB1B under cold stress. Genetic evidence shows the NAT1850-siR1850 module functions in cold stress response via an NPR3-dependent manner. Furthermore, NAT1850 and siR1850 control nitrogen assimilation and rice yield in a miR1850.1-NPR3-independent pathway. Our findings reveal a regulatory mode for a pri-miRNA and its cis-NAT, and uncover their roles in balancing the cold-stress response and rice yields.

Crop production is heavily dependent on fertilizers that negatively impact the environment; therefore, research on biochar to improve the soil’s properties and reduce greenhouse gas emissions has intensified over the years. To elucidate rice yield and greenhouse gas emission (GHG) arising from the application of biochar and N fertilizer on paddy soil in Northeast China, a 3-year (2015–2017) field experiment was established. Adopting a split-plot design with three replicates, two nitrogen (N) fertilizer levels in the main plots were designated as follows: 120 kg N ha−1 (N1, 2/3 of N application rate for optimal local rice yield); 180 kg N ha−1 (N2, full N application rate for optimal local rice yield); and four biochar application rates of no biochar (C0, control); 1.0 t ha−1 biochar (C1); 1.5 t ha−1 biochar (C2); and 2.0 t ha−1 biochar (C3) were designated as sub-treatments. The results showed that in 2015, biochar amendment increased GHG emissions while between 2016 and 2017, biochar amendment of 1.5 t ha−1 decreased CH4 emissions, global warming potential (GWP), and greenhouse gasses intensity (GHGI) by 11.3%, 10.9%, and 17.0%, respectively. On average, for the years 2016 and 2017, the N2O fluxes were 17.0% lower in the N2 plots compared to the N1 plots. Biochar amendment of 1.5 t ha−1 recorded an 8.6% increase in rice yield compared to the control. The soil properties of the study site showed that biochar amendment of 1, 1.5, and 2 t ha−1 augmented soil organic matter by 3.3%, 5.3%, and 5.2%, respectively, and soil phosphorus availability by 6.4%, 11.2%, and 22.6%, respectively. The co-application of biochar at 1.5 t ha−1 and 180 kg N ha−1 effectively regulated GHG emissions while maintaining crop yield. Appropriate co-application of biochar with N fertilizer can be adopted for emission reduction and rice yield maintenance while maintaining soil fertility in Northeast China.

Climate change has increased the trend in the intensity of global extreme weather events, including chilling. Nitrogen is one of the most essential nutrients for rice growth and development. Chilling will limit the uptake and translocation of nitrogen and the formation of grain protein in rice plants. The experiment conducted in the climate chamber with chilling stress applied at the grain filling stage revealed different effects on protein concentration in aboveground organs and caused asymmetry in grain protein contents (GPC) and grain protein yield (GPY). Chilling stress applied during the grain filling stage reduced the accumulation rate of rice grain protein by inhibiting the nitrogen uptake and the translocation from vegetative organs to grains, which resulted in a 35 % decrease in grain nitrogen accumulation and a 92 % increase in vegetative organs during grain filling. Consequently, the average nitrogen harvest index is reduced by 12 %. Nitrogen accumulation was severely affected when cooling degree days (CDD) >= 70 degrees C days. As the chilling intensity increased, the decrease of GPY was more significant than that of GPC. Moreover, we improved the grain temperature-nitrogen uptake function under chilling stress based on the relationship between CDD and the reduction in rice grains. By comparing the improved function and the modules in the existing crop model using the datasets from open field and artificial control experiments, we demonstrated that the current research on quantifying rice nitrogen uptake at extreme temperature stress needed further improvement. The effects of environmental stress on grain nitrogen accumulation are complex. Future studies should pay more attention to the ability of extreme temperature stress to affect nitrogen accumulation in various rice organs.

Salt–alkaline stress is one of the most stressful occurrences, causing negative effects on plant development and agricultural yield. Identifying and utilizing genes that affect alkaline tolerance is an excellent approach to accelerate breeding processes and meet the needs for remediating saline–alkaline soil. Here, we employed a mapping population of 176 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) produced from a cross between alkali-tolerant Longdao5 and alkali-sensitive Zhongyouzao8 to identify the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) determining alkali tolerance at the seedling stage. For the evaluation of alkali tolerance, the recovered seedling’s average alkali tolerance index (ATI), root number (RN), root length (RL), seedling dry weight (SW), root dry weight (RW), and seedling height (SH) were assessed, together with their relative alkaline damage rate. Under alkaline stress, the ATI was substantially negative connected with the root number, seedling height, seedling dry weight, and root dry weight; however, it was considerably positive correlated with the relative alkaline damage rate of the root number and root dry weight. A total of 13 QTLs for the root number, root length, seedling height, seedling dry weight, root dry weight, and alkali tolerance index under alkaline stress were identified, which were distributed across chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, and 8. All of these QTLs formed two QTL clusters for alkali tolerance on chromosome 5 and chromosome 7, designated AT5 and AT7, respectively. Nine QTLs were identified for the relative alkaline damage rate of the root number, root length, seedling height, seedling dry weight, and root dry weight under alkali stress. These QTLs were located on chromosome 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 12. In conclusion, these findings further strengthen our knowledge about rice’s genetic mechanisms for alkaline tolerance. This research offers clues to accelerate breeding programs for new alkaline-tolerance rice varieties.

Tillage practices are of critical importance in maintaining soil quality on cropland and for food production, with rice cultivation representing a significant portion of the world’s food production and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. While numerous studies have examined the effects of reduced and no-tillage on soil GHG emissions and rice yields, the impact of adopting a rotational approach to tillage practices on the rice cultivation cycle remains uncertain. In this study, we conducted a four-year (2017–2020) field experiment in a single rice-growing area in Northeast China with the aim of investigating the effects of different tillage practices on GHG emissions from paddy fields and rice yields under full straw return conditions. We set up three experimental treatments: rotary tillage, plowing, and rotational tillage (i.e., a combination of one year of plowing and one year of rotary tillage). The results showed that averaged across all treatments, average methane (CH4, 302.6 ± 51.1 kg ha−1) and nitrous oxide (N2O, 0.86 ± 0.361 kg ha−1) emissions and rice yield (9.0 ± 0.9 t ha−1) did not exhibit significant inter-annual variability during the entire experimental period and were comparable to the average for the region. The ranking of GHG emissions during the rice-growing season was as follows: rotary tillage > plowing > rotational tillage. Across the experimental period, CH4 and N2O emissions were 9.1% and 8.5% lower in the plowing treatment and 21.2% and 13.1% lower in the rotational tillage treatment compared to the rotary tillage treatment. During the experimental period, there was no significant effect of tillage treatments on rice yield. This reduction in emissions may be attributed to changes in soil penetration resistance. In the rotational and plowing treatments, soil penetration resistance was in a range more adapted to rice growth and GHG emissions reduction compared to the rotary tillage treatment. The yield-scale GHG emission intensity was reduced by 12.7% and 26.1% in the plowing and rotational tillage treatments, respectively, in comparison to the rotary tillage treatment. This suggests that rotational tillage is a management practice that can achieve greenhouse gas emission reductions in paddy fields and stabilize or possibly increase rice yields. Consequently, the results demonstrated that a rotational alternation of multiple tillage practices is a synergistic strategy for achieving low carbon and high yield in rice in the cold rice-growing region of Northeast China.

Rice direct seeding has the significant potential to save labor and water, conserve environmental resources, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions tremendously. Therefore, rice direct seeding is becoming the major cultivation technology applied to rice production in many countries. Identifying and utilizing genes controlling mesocotyl elongation is an effective approach to accelerate breeding procedures and meet the requirements for direct-seeded rice (DSR) production. This study used a permanent mapping population with 144 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) and 2828 bin-markers to detect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with mesocotyl length in 2019 and 2020. The mesocotyl lengths of the rice RILs and their parents, Lijiangxintuanheigu (LTH) and Shennong 265 (SN265), were measured in a growth chamber at 30°C in a dark environment. A total of 16 QTLs for mesocotyl length were identified on chromosomes 1(2), 2(4), 3(2), 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11(2), and 12. Seven of these QTLs, including qML1a, qML1b, qML2d, qML3a, qML3b, qML5, and qML11b, were reproducibly detected in both years via the interval mapping method. The major QTL, qML3a, was reidentified in two years via the composite interval mapping method. A total of 10 to 413 annotated genes for each QTL were identified in their smallest genetic intervals of 37.69 kb to 2.78 Mb, respectively. Thirteen predicted genes within a relatively small genetic interval (88.18 kb) of the major mesocotyl elongation QTL, qML3a, were more thoroughly analyzed. Finally, the coding DNA sequence variations among SN265, LTH, and Nipponbare indicated that the LOC_Os03g50550 gene was the strongest candidate gene for the qML3a QTL controlling the mesocotyl elongation. This LOC_Os03g50550 gene encodes a mitogen-activated protein kinase. Relative gene expression analysis using qRT-RCR further revealed that the expression levels of the LOC_Os03g50550 gene in the mesocotyl of LTH were significantly lower than in the mesocotyl of SN265. In conclusion, these results further strengthen our knowledge about rice's genetic mechanisms of mesocotyl elongation. This investigation's discoveries will help to accelerate breeding programs for new DSR variety development.

Lodging is one of the main limiting factors affecting rice production. It can damage the canopy structure, decrease the leaf photosynthesis rate and increase the population humidity. These undesirable factors could induce fungal diseases, cause spike germination, and then affect the quality and the yield of grain. This paper reviewed the research status of the evaluation methods of rice lodging and inducing causes, the relationship between lodging resistance and the physical and chemical properties of the stem, and the identification and functional study of lodging resistance genes. We compared the characteristics of different rice lodging evaluation methods, analyzed the effects of plant type, field managements including nitrogen fertilizer management, planting density and planting methods, and environmental factors including the gale, rainstorm, and ozone on lodging, summarized the effects of the physical properties and chemical components of stems including cellulose content, lignin content and the number of vascular bundle on lodging, concluded the regulation mechanism of dwarf related genes and cellulose synthesis related genes involved in lodging resistance in rice. In addition, we prospect the future research on lodging resistance and put forward some research suggestions:（1） Innovating and optimizing the evaluation system of rice lodging;（2） Identifying new lodging resistance genes and strengthening the mechanism research of rice lodging resistance;（3） Breeding lodging resistance rice varieties;（4） According to the factors of varieties, cultivation conditions and climate environment, formulating the comprehensive response measures of lodging.

Chloroplasts are essential sites for plant photosynthesis, and the biogenesis of the photosynthetic complexes involves the interaction of nuclear genes and chloroplast genes. In this study, we identified a rice pale green leaf mutant, crs2. The crs2 mutant showed different degrees of low chlorophyll phenotypes at different growth stages, especially at the seedling stage. Fine mapping and DNA sequencing of crs2 revealed a single nucleotide substitution (G4120A) in the eighth exons of CRS2, causing a G-to-R mutation of the 229th amino acid of CRS2 (G229R). The results of complementation experiments confirmed that this single-base mutation in crs2 is responsible for the phenotype of the crs2 mutant. CRS2 encodes a chloroplast RNA splicing 2 protein localized in the chloroplast. Western blot results revealed an abnormality in the abundance of the photosynthesis-related protein in crs2. However, the mutation of CRS2 leads to the enhancement of antioxidant enzyme activity, which could reduce ROS levels. Meanwhile, with the release of Rubisco activity, the photosynthetic performance of crs2 was improved. In summary, the G229R mutation in CRS2 causes chloroplast protein abnormalities and affects photosystem performance in rice; the above findings facilitate the elucidation of the physiological mechanism of chloroplast proteins affecting photosynthesis.

Rice breeders are now developing new varieties with semi-high or even high plant height to further increase the grain yield, and the problem of lodging has re-appeared. We identified a major quantitative trait locus (QTL), qSCM4, for resistance to lodging by using an F2 segregant population and a recombinant self-incompatible line population from the cross between Shennong265 (SN265) and Lijiangxintuanheigu (LTH) after multiple years and multiple environments. Then, the residual heterozygous derived segregant population which consisted of 1781 individual plants, and the BC3F2 segregant population which consisted of 3216 individual plants, were used to shorten the physical interval of qSCM4 to 58.5 kb including 11 genes. DNA sequencing revealed the most likely candidate gene for qSCM4 was Os04g0615000, which encoded a functional protein with structural domains of serine and cysteine. There were 13 DNA sequence changes in LTH compared to SN265 in this gene, including a fragment deletion, two base changes in the 3′ UTR region, six base changes in the exons, and four base changes in the introns. A near-isogenic line carrying qSCM4 showed that it improved the lodging resistance through increasing stem thickness by 25.3% and increasing stem folding resistance by 20.3%. Furthermore, it was also discovered that qSCM4 enhanced the primary branch per panicle by 16.7%, secondary branch by per panicle 9.9%, and grain number per panicle by 14.7%. All the above results will give us a valuable genetic resource for concurrently boosting culm strength and lodging resistance, and they will also provide a basis for further research on the lodging resistance mechanism of rice.

Early-matured aromatic japonica rice from the Northeast is the most popular rice commodity in the Chinese market. The Qigeng10 (QG10) was one of the varieties with the largest planting area in this region in recent years. It was an early-matured japonica rice variety with a lot of superior traits such as semi-dwarf, lodging resistance, long grain, aromatic and good quality. Therefore, a high-quality assembly of Qigeng10 genome is critical and useful for japonica research and breeding. In this study, we produced a high-precision QG10 chromosome-level genome by using a combination of Nanopore and Hi-C platforms. Finally, we assembled the QG10 genome into 77 contigs with an N50 length of 11.80 Mb in 27 scaffolds with an N50 length of 30.55 Mb. The assembled genome size was 378.31Mb with 65 contigs and constituted approximately 99.59% of the 12 chromosomes. We identified a total of 1,080,819 SNPs and 682,392 InDels between QG10 and Nipponbare. We also annotated 57,599 genes by the Ab initio method, homology-based technique, and RNA-seq. Based on the assembled genome sequence, we detected the sequence variation in a total of 63 cloned genes involved in grain yield, grain size, disease tolerance, lodging resistance, fragrance, and many other important traits. Finally, we identified five elite alleles (qTGW2Nipponbare, qTGW3Nanyangzhan, GW5IR24, GW6Suyunuo, and qGW8Basmati385) controlling long grain size, four elite alleles (COLD1Nipponbare, bZIP73Nipponbare, CTB4aKunmingxiaobaigu, and CTB2Kunmingxiaobaigu) controlling cold tolerance, three non-functional alleles (DTH7Kitaake, Ghd7Hejiang19, and Hd1Longgeng31) for early heading, two resistant alleles (PiaAkihikari and Pid4Digu) for rice blast, a resistant allele STV11Kasalath for rice stripe virus, an NRT1.1BIR24 allele for higher nitrate absorption activity, an elite allele SCM3Chugoku117 for stronger culms, and the typical aromatic gene badh2-E2 for fragrance in QG10. These results not only help us to better elucidate the genetic mechanisms underlying excellent agronomic traits in QG10 but also have wide-ranging implications for genomics-assisted breeding in early-matured fragrant japonica rice.

水稻直播栽培技术以其轻减、节本和高效的优势近年在寒地稻区发展迅速,然而直播稻的田间杂草危害已经成为影响直播稻稳产和综合效益的主要因素之一,并限制了其进一步推广和发展.本文从寒地水直播稻田中杂草的草相特征、发生规律和防除方法等方面进行了概述,希望能够为直播稻田中杂草的高效综合防控提供借鉴和帮助.

利用盐腺将植株地上部分携带的过量盐分排出体外,是耐盐植物适应土壤盐碱化的重要机制之一.大量的国内外研究表明,耐盐禾本科植物中存在典型的盐腺结构.为探明禾本科作物的耐盐碱机制,从而改良其耐盐碱功能,本文概述了禾本科植物盐腺的形态和结构、禾本科植物典型双细胞型盐腺的排盐机制、双细胞型盐腺向体外排出离子的功能特点,以及影响盐腺排盐能力的因素,并对今后深入开展盐腺的研究进行了展望.盐腺的抗逆功能可以提高禾本科植物的抗盐性和抗重金属性,平衡作物体内的离子和重金属含量,最终能够提高作物的产量和品质.禾本科植株盐腺对光合作用和病虫害抵抗作用的机理将成为未来研究的热点.

Syzygium samarangense (Blume) Merr. et Perry, 1938, commonly known as wax apple, is a Myrtaceae species that is known for its unique fruit shape, flavorful and colorful fruits, medicinal value and increasing economic relevance. In this study, we reported the complete chloroplast genome sequence of S. samarangense. The complete genome is 159,109 bp in length with a quadripartite structure containing two single copy regions, a Large Single Copy region (LSC, 88,155 bp) and a Small Single Copy region (SSC, 18,796 bp) separated by Inverted Repeat regions (IRs, 26,079 bp). The GC content was 37.0%. It encoded 126 genes, including 81 protein-coding genes, 37 transfer RNA genes, and 8 ribosomal RNA genes. The phylogenetic relationships of 20 species inferred that all Syzygium species formed a single cluster belonging to Syzygieae tribe. Our results offer insights into the evolutionary relationship of S. samarangense within Myrtaceae, indicating a closer relationship between S. samarangense and S. forrestii.

研究了播期对寒地稻区优质粳稻产量、生育期及温光资源利用的影响.结果表明,播期推迟,优质粳稻生育进程延迟,生育期缩短,主要与出苗至齐穗期日均温升高、全生育期日均光照时数减少有关;播期推迟,全生育期积温和光照时数利用率呈下降趋势,优质粳稻产量逐渐降低,减产的主要原因是在于有效穗数和穗粒数的减少.产量与气候因子的相关分析表明,出苗至齐穗期的日均温与相对产量呈极显著负相关,这是播期推迟导致产量降低的主要原因之一,而出苗至成熟期的太阳辐射与相对产量呈极显著正相关,说明在寒地稻区太阳辐射对水稻产量形成有正向作用.

大麻是黑龙江省重要的经济作物之一,年播种面积占全国一半左右.探明黑龙江省大麻种植面积、总产及单产变化趋势,解析气象环境因素对大麻产量的影响,对于黑龙江省大麻的科学区划布局和健康发展具有重要意义.本研究分析了黑龙江省2011-2019年大麻的播种面积、总产和单产的时空变化趋势,并探讨了大麻单产与主要气象因子间的关系.结果表明:黑龙江省大麻播种面积年均增长2 096.5 hm2,总产年均增长12 696.6 t,大麻种植区域主要分布在黑河市、绥化市、齐齐哈尔市、大庆市等区域,新增区域主要分布在齐齐哈尔市、哈尔滨市和牡丹江市.各地单产的变化幅度较大,变幅为58.2～10 178.6 kg·hm-2.黑河市、绥化市、大庆市等大麻传统主产区的单产高且稳定,一般为5 000～10 000 kg·hm-2.而新增区域的单产较低,哈尔滨市和齐齐哈尔地区的平均单产低于3 500 kg·hm-2,具有较大的提升空间.大麻单产与5-9月的≥10℃活动积温和5-9月的累计降水量呈正相关,与5-9月的太阳总辐射呈负相关,但未达到显著水平.现阶段不同区域的单位面积产量高低主要取决于栽培技术水平.

为促进黑龙江省农业科学院水稻相关知识产权成果的持续转化,以黑龙江省农业科学院为例,对其水稻相关知识产权保护的现状及存在的问题进行了剖析.黑龙江省农业科学院的水稻品种权主要来自于水稻研究所、耕作栽培研究所、绥化分院和生物技术研究所;发明专利主要来自耕作栽培研究所;实用新型专利主要来自水稻研究所和耕作栽培研究所.这些专利主要集中在耕作栽培相关技术和育种相关技术领域.进一步分析发现黑龙江省农业科学院知识产权工作存在品种保护意识不足和专利质量良莠不齐,缺乏有效转化的问题.同时针对上述问题提出了进一步加强知识产权工作的建议和对策.

盐碱地水稻种植是松嫩平原苏打盐碱土利用的一种主要方式.为明确克盐碱水溶肥缓解水稻盐碱危害的效果,在秸秆还田下,分别于水稻移栽前和分蘖期施用克盐碱水溶肥,调查其对东北松嫩平原苏打盐碱地水稻产量和品质的影响.结果表明,与常规对照相比,在分蘖期施用克盐碱水溶肥的水体p H和EC分别显著降低3.80％ 和4.93％,土壤EC显著降低11.65％,在灌浆期施用克盐碱水溶肥的水体p H、EC和土壤p H、EC变化不大;施用克盐碱水溶肥的水稻籽粒产量较常规对照显著增加21.94％,有效穗数显著增加26.51％,结实率增加2.51％,每穗粒数降低8.18％,千粒重显著降低3.68％;施用克盐碱水溶肥的水稻糙米率、精米率和整精米率较常规对照均呈下降趋势,垩白粒率和垩白度分别显著降低33.49％ 和54.95％,食味值略有增加,直链淀粉含量和蛋白质含量均有所降低;施用克盐碱水溶肥的纯收益为813.86元·hm-2.综上所述,施用克盐碱水溶肥可以显著降低生育前期水体的p H和EC以及土壤EC,显著提高水稻产量,获得较好的经济效益,有利于提高稻米的外观品质和蒸煮食味品质.

基于1961-2019年松嫩平原盐碱地区域的13个气象站的逐日气象资料,分析了松嫩平原全年及水稻生长季内的平均气温、活动积温、昼夜温差、降水量和日照时数等农业气候资源的时空变化特征.结果表明,与第Ⅰ阶段(1961-1990年)相比,第Ⅱ阶段(1991-2019年)松嫩平原盐碱地区域的热量资源明显增加,年均气温升高了 1.1℃,年均气温的气候倾向率分布在0.23℃/10a～0.41℃/10a,5℃等值线向北推移了约2.2°.最冷月和最热月的平均气温分别增加了 1.4℃和0.7℃.水稻生长季内≥10℃的活动积温增加了 248.7℃·d,活动积温3000℃·d1等值线北移了约2.6°,昼夜温差降低了 0.6℃.年日照时数和生长季内日照时数均呈降低趋势,分别降低了 184.0和17.4h.以松花江为界,吉林省部分地区的降水量减少,黑龙江省部分地区的降水量略增加.该区域农业气候资源的整体变化特征表现为暖湿趋势,这必然会对该区域的盐碱地水稻生产产生一定的影响.