Bi1.2Ca1.2Y0.6Zr0.4InxV0.4Fe4.2-xO12 (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5) ceramics were prepared using a conventional ceramic process at a reduced sintering temperature. The phase composition, microstructure, and electromagnetic properties of the as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy spectrometer, vibrating sample magnetometry, and precision impedance analyzer.The results indicated that the substitution of Bi3+ ion effectively reduced the sintering temperature of YIG ferrite, the magnetic-dielectric properties of the YIG ferrite could be precisely tuned by adjusting the content of In3+ ions. The highly dense ceramic samples with garnet structure were obtained at a sintering temperature of 1020 degrees C. The sintered sample with x = 0.2 exhibited the optimum comprehensive performance: an average grain size of 3.4 mu m, 4 pi M-s of 1184.81 G; and an initial permeability of 78.6, a magnetic loss of 7.06 & times; 10(-3), and a permittivity of 16.67 at 100 kHz.

The first-principle plane-wave ultrasoft pseudopotential method, utilizing the generalized gradient approximation (GGA + U) within the framework of density functional theory, was employed to investigate the photo-catalytic performance of monolayer (3-(Ga1-xInx)2O3 systems, including those with oxygen vacancies. The results indicated that all alloy systems were stable, with the conduction band minimum of each system exceeding the reduction potential of water, while the valence band maximum fell below the oxidation potential of water. In comparison to monolayer Ga24O36, the absorption spectra of all alloy systems exhibited a red shift in the visible range, and the visible effect was enhanced. The carrier lifetime increased with the rising In concentration in the (3-(Ga1-xInx)2O3 system. Oxygen vacancies significantly enhanced the photogenerated carrier activity of the system. Among all the systems, the Ga20O35In4 system demonstrated the highest photogenerated carrier activity, the most substantial reduction ability, and a relatively long electron lifetime. It presented a hydrogen evolution reaction free energy of-0.473 eV and an energy conversion efficiency to hydrogen of 14.26 %. Therefore, it is a strong candidate for photocatalytic hydrogen production. When a suppliable voltage of 2.503 V was applied, the oxygen evolution reaction in the Ga23O36In1 system could be driven by photogenerated holes; consequently, the Ga23O36In1 system is favorable for photocatalytic oxygen evolution.

This study investigates gap resonance in a floating channel system with emphasis on the role of flow modeling in capturing shear-layer instability and resonance excitation. Resonance frequencies identified by using potential flow theory and subsequently examined through computational fluid dynamics simulations based on both laminar and Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) models. The results reveal a systematic difference between laminar and RANS models to predict Kelvin-Helmholtz-type shear-layer instability induced by flow separation at the sharp edges. Although both models capture the separation-recirculation-reattachment process, the RANS model predicts a stronger and more coherent recirculation zone due to the inclusion of turbulent viscosity, leading to enhanced momentum exchange and resonance intensity. In addition, a resonance-side shift is newly identified, in which the dominant resonance location shifts between the incident and opposite sides as the channel wall draft varies, reflecting changes in energy penetration and diffraction pathways under viscous flow conditions.

Highly active and durable bifunctional catalysts play a crucial role in enabling the efficient water electrolysis. In this study, a three-dimensional hierarchical structure was constructed by epitaxially growing NiFeCoCuMo high-entropy alloys (HEAs) nanowires​ on a spherical Ni3S2‑modified Ni foam substrate (HEAs@Ni3S2@Ni foam). The introduced Ni3S2 interlayer serves as an orientation-regulating template, promoting the epitaxial growth of HEAs and optimizing interfacial charge transfer dynamics. The resulting HEAs-based composite electrode demonstrates ultralow overpotentials of 186 mV for HER and 275 mV for OER at 500 mA·cm-2. As a bifunctional catalyst in an AEM water electrolyzer, it achieves a low cell voltage of 1.80 V at 1.0 A·cm-2, demonstrating excellent stability over 225 hours at 0.6 A·cm-2 and 100 hours at 1.0 A·cm-2. This work establishes a novel design paradigm for high-performance bifunctional catalysts in AEM water electrolysis, offering a promising pathway toward scalable green hydrogen production.

This study prepared graphene/molybdenum disulphide (RGO/MoS 2 ) composite additives via freeze-drying to enhance their dispersion stability and oxidation resistance. The tribological properties and lubrication mechanisms of these nano-additives in lubricating oils were systematically investigated through experimental characterisation and molecular dynamics simulations. Results demonstrated that MoS 2 's interlayer sliding intensifies with increasing load/speed, though excessive mechanical stress induces structural degradation; graphene provides stable support for MoS 2 , reducing atomic slippage and improving synergistic lubrication. A comparison between the experimental and molecular dynamics simulation results leads to the following conclusions: MoS 2 demonstrates superior friction performance under high-speed and light-load conditions compared to RGO/MoS 2 . Conversely, RGO/MoS 2 exhibits better friction performance under high-load and low-speed conditions than MoS 2 alone. Importantly, across various testing conditions, the trends in the friction coefficient curves obtained from molecular dynamics simulations align well with the experimental data.

The rational design of stable and high-performance adsorbents is crucial for treating complex wastewater. Herein, novel NH2-MXene/MnO2 composites were fabricated via in-situ growth of spherical MnO2 onto amino-functionalized MXene (NH2-MXene). The amino functionalization introduced abundant active groups, while the intercalated MnO2 nanostructure effectively prevented MXene layer restacking, thereby significantly enhancing pollutant adsorption. By optimizing the (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES) dosage, the composite morphology was tuned, with the optimized N8-M/M sample exhibiting a well-defined intercalated architecture. This composite demonstrated excellent adsorption capacities, achieving maximum uptakes of 793.48 mg g(-1) for tetracycline (TC) and 589.89 mg g(-1) for Cr(VI), along with a strong affinity for organic dyes (malachite green and methyl orange). Remarkably, after three months of storage, the composite retained its structural integrity and over 80% of its initial adsorption performance. Beyond conventional kinetic and isotherm analyses, advanced statistical physical modeling (monolayer model with one energy) was employed to quantitatively elucidate the adsorption mechanism. The model revealed that TC molecules (n > 1) were adsorbed in a non-parallel orientation on multiple binding sites per functional group, while Cr(VI) adsorption orientation was temperature-dependent. The calculated adsorption energies (E: 14.9-17.2 kJ mol(-1) for TC; 21.2-24.7 kJ mol(-1) for Cr(VI)) confirmed an endothermic, chemisorption-dominated process, corroborating the pivotal roles of electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding, and pi-pi stacking. This work presents a highly stable MXene-based adsorbent with exceptional removal capabilities for antibiotics, heavy metals, and dyes, offering a promising material for water remediation.

Spinel lithium titanate (Li4Ti5O12, LTO) can undergo reversible transformation between Li4Ti5O12 and Li7Ti5O12, and combines the advantages of a near-zero-strain lattice response, a relatively high operating potential, and good structural reversibility; therefore, it has long been regarded as a high-safety anode material for lithium-ion batteries. These features help suppress the occurrence of particle cracking, electrode swelling, unstable solid electrolyte interphase growth, and lithium plating, giving LTO important application value in fast-charging electric vehicles, hybrid power systems, grid-frequency regulation, lithium-ion capacitors, low-temperature operation, and other safety-critical scenarios. Nevertheless, LTO remains constrained by limited theoretical capacity, intrinsically low electronic conductivity, and transport limitations under extreme lithiation states. Therefore, as an anode material, its electrochemical behavior cannot be fully explained by a static spinel–rock-salt two-phase model, and a dynamic, multi-scale cognitive framework centered on structural evolution and Li+ migration needs to be established. This review traces the development of structural understanding in LTO, covering the early spinel–rock-salt two-phase model, intermediate solid-solution domains, local symmetry breaking, asymmetric phase-boundary kinetics, and extreme-state storage mechanisms. By integrating diffraction, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, advanced transmission electron microscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, density functional theory, and molecular dynamics simulations, it systematically summarizes how the Ti–O framework remains stable and supports rapid ion transport during Li+ redistribution between tetrahedral 8a and octahedral 16c environments. Special attention is given to the 8a→32e→16c migration pathway, in which the 32e position corresponds to an oxygen-framework-related migration bottleneck or transition region rather than a thermodynamically stable Li-storage site. Meanwhile, the room-temperature Li4+xTi5O12 intermediate phase is discussed as a quasi-equilibrium solid solution dependent on size and temperature, whose stability mainly arises from the suppression of miscibility gaps within nanosized domains rather than from stability universally present in the bulk phase. Recent evidence shows that distorted face-sharing Li–O polyhedra, interfacial electric fields, vacancy availability, and electronic-conductivity transitions jointly affect microscopic hopping barriers and macroscopic charge/discharge asymmetry. Under deep lithiation, metastable 48f-related environments may provide additional capacity, but this process is usually accompanied by electrolyte reduction, interfacial pseudocapacitive contributions, and potential structural instability; direct evidence for bulk amorphization or Ti–O bond breakage remains limited. Key challenges and design strategies are further summarized, including oriented nanostructures, mesoporous single crystals, conductive carbon/graphene/TiN networks, controlled defect or dopant engineering, interphase optimization, and the avoidance of excessively deep voltage windows. Overall, LTO should not be regarded as a rigid zero-strain host, but rather as a dynamically adaptive framework; future studies need to simultaneously optimize local lattice flexibility and long-range ion–electron transport. These insights help clarify the structural causes of LTO’s high-rate performance and provide transferable principles for designing next-generation safe, durable, and fast-charging anodes.

Photocatalytic water splitting for H2 production is an important approach to addressing energy and environmental issues, with the key being the development of stable photocatalysts. In this study, we investigate the effects of Mo doping and the coexistence of interstitials H with O vacancies on the photocatalytic performance of monolayer (3-Ga2O3 using the first-principles GGA + U approach based on the framework of density functional theory. Additionally, the modulation of photocatalytic performance under an external electric field of 0.5 V/angstrom is explored. Visible-light response, carrier lifetime, band edge positions, work function, and free energy were calculated and analyzed. Results demonstrate that both interstitial H and the applied electric field can significantly prolong carrier lifetimes. Mo doping combined with interstitial H remarkably enhances UV absorption in monolayer (3-Ga2O3, accompanied by a distinct red-shift in the absorption spectrum. This configuration also exhibits extended carrier lifetimes, higher carrier mobility, and superior reducibility, making it a promising candidate for photocatalytic hydrogen production. Meanwhile, systems containing O vacancies show enhanced visible-light absorption with a maximum coefficient of 105 cm-1, indicating efficient visible-light utilization. Among these, the system with simultaneous Mo doping and O vacancies exhibits the strongest oxidizing capability and optimal photocatalytic activity, suggesting its potential as an efficient oxygen evolution photocatalyst.

Antimony trisulfide (Sb_2S_3), as an emerging material for integrated photonic devices, has attracted significant attention due to its high index, low loss, and phase-changing property in the optical regime. However, conventional lithography-based fabrication methods involve complex, time-consuming, multistep processes, rendering the photonic application of Sb_2S_3 challenging. Here, we demonstrate that positive-tone fabrication of Sb_2S_3 nanostructures using wet-etch femtosecond laser processing, a straightforward technique for the engraving of micro- and nanoscale structures, can address major fabrication challenges. The patterning mechanism and factors influencing resolution of Sb_2S_3 thin film structures deposited on quartz (transmissive) and gold (reflective) substrates are experimentally investigated and supported by theoretical modelling. Using this approach, the smallest linewidth fabricated is measured at 178 nm. Consequently, multiple test patterns are demonstrated showing versatile functionalities. Functional Fresnel Zone Plates (FZPs) with varying focal length are fabricated and characterized. This study provides a significantly simplified approach for realizing Sb_2S_3 based integrated photonic devices.

Designing magnetic materials with a strong response to external magnetic field is pivotal for enhancing electrocatalytic reactions in energy conversion and storage systems. Although significant progress has been made in spin catalysts for hydrogen and oxygen electrocatalytic reactions, the development of spin catalysts for small organic molecule reactions is still insufficient, which greatly hinders the exploration of the effect of magnetic fields on the electrochemical reaction. Herein, we propose a synergistic strategy combining ternary alloying and phase transition to construct L10-FeCrPt intermetallic nanochains, which exhibit exceptional structural stability and a significantly boosted magnetic field response. After alloying Cr into FePt and transforming from the facecentered cubic (FCC) phase to the L10 phase through coating-assisted annealing, the activity of L10-FeCrPt for the methanol oxidation reaction was enhanced by up to 41 % under a magnetic field of 8000 Oe, surpassing the enhancements of only 13 % and 30 % achieved by FCC FeCrPt and L10-FePt, respectively. Based on the linear relation between the activation energy and the magnetic field, the magnetic moment parameter (M) is proposed to evaluate the magnetic response. The M value of L10-FeCrPt reaches 46839 emu/g, which is 2.7 times that of L10-FePt. DFT calculations indicate that the reaction barrier of L10-FeCrPt is significantly reduced because the external magnetic field can facilitate the adsorption of CO, the breaking of O-H bonds, and the addition of OH* species. This study provides an efficient method for designing spin catalysts with high magnetic field response through ternary alloying and phase engineering.

Currently, the development of artificial intelligence and new-generation high-frequency communication technologies has placed increasingly higher demands on the performance of electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbing materials with multiple functions in complex application scenarios. In this work, using Cu sphere@ZIF-67 composites as the precursor, the Cu sphere@ZIF-derived Co particles/carbon fiber flexible (CCC) composites are designed by electrostatic spinning and high-temperature calcination technique. Herein, a specific cross-linked structure is formed with the inset of ZIF-derived Co particles and Cu spheres into the CNF network, allowing effectively tuning the electromagnetic parameters, optimizing the impedance matching and improving the EMW absorption performance of CCC composites. The as-obtained composites gain a high minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of-78.33 dB and a broad effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 7.60 GHz. Apparently, the three-dimensional interlaced complex network structure endows the composites with enhanced thermal conductivity and superhydrophobic properties, making it conducive to heat transfer and inhibiting the absorption of surface water. Meanwhile, the conductivity of the composites is greatly sensitive to the bending deformation, enabling their applications in flexible sensing. Briefly, this work provides a novel and feasible design thought to fabricate carbon-based composites with multifunctional properties of EMW absorption, heat-conducting, self-cleaning and strain-sensitive conductivity, which opens a route for the potential application of EMW absorbing materials under some extreme conditions.

There are some reports about the research on Mo-doped (3-Ga2O3. However, the effects of resulting from diverse valence states Mo doping and coexistence of O vacancy and interstitial H on the magneto-optical properties of (3-Ga2O3 have been neglected. So, the magneto-optical properties of Mo-doped (3-Ga2O3 with different valence states were studied by using GGA + U approach. The influence of O vacancy and interstitial H in different valence states on the system properties is also considered. The electronic structure, magnetic properties, and optical properties of all the systems are studied and analyzed. The findings indicate that except for O vacancy, the bandgaps of all doping systems become narrower. Among all the doping systems, the Mo5+ doping system exhibits magnetic properties, and the Ga47O72Mo16+H11+ system demonstrates the largest electric dipole moment and the strongest carrier activity. Within the wavelength range of 210-280 nm, Ga47O72Mo15+H10 manifests the highest absorption intensity and the most significant redshift.

The scale engineering aims to integrate spatial layout and arrangement patterns at different scale levels, including microscopic atomic arrangement, mesoscopic morphology and macroscopic structures. This will trigger powerful physical effects and demonstrate great potential in enhancing the electromagnetic properties of materials. Herein, Ag nanowires and N-doped reduced graphene oxide are combined to prepare a composite aerogel with directional pore structure through targeted freeze-drying technique. The enhanced microwave absorption properties are obtained through micro- and macro-scale engineering by atomic doping and periodic structure design. After optimizing the N-doping amount, the composite aerogel exhibits superior microwave absorption performance at a filling ratio of only 4 wt.%, where a minimum reflection loss (RLmin) achieves at -56.32 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) reaches 7.04 GHz, covering the entire Ku-band. Moreover, the periodic structure can excite resonance within different frequency ranges, thereby expanding the EAB of the aerogel to 14.64 GHz with an increase of up to 207.9%. Impressively, the obtained aerogel exhibits excellent electromagnetic interference shielding efficiency (-35.55 dB) as well as outstanding active-passive infrared stealth capabilities. Therefore, this multi-scale collaborative design strategy effectively improves the electromagnetic properties of the composites, providing a guidance for addressing electromagnetic pollution and multi-spectral stealth issues.

Multi-layer hollow Cu/Ni@NC@Cu2-xS (CNS) nano-boxes were designed using an in situ layered assembly technology, where the surface sulfidation and selective etching of Cu2O play a key role in the design of hollow structures. Then, adjusting the calcination temperatures can effectively change the degree of the graphitization and form diverse electromagnetic properties. Typically, at 600 degrees C, CNS nano-boxes exhibit a minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of -50.03 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 5.68 GHz at 2.81 mm, essentially covering the X-band. Further, a superior low-frequency microwave absorption was gained at 700 degrees C, where RLmin of -65.78 dB@7.92 GHz and EAB of 3.84 GHz@1.63 mm are obtained. Impressively, changing the proportion of dopamine (DA) in the raw materials at the calcination temperature of 700 degrees C, the as-synthesized samples CNS700-1 and CNS-700-3 also exhibit low RLmin values of -63.37 dB@7.12 GHz and -44.85 dB@7.44 GHz, respectively. The in-situ self-polymerization of DA on the surface of Cu2-xS successfully constructed a multi-layer interface and provided adsorption sites for Ni2+ ions. Finally, through pyrolysis, Ni2+ ions were reduced to magnetic Ni nanoparticles, achieving the integration of magnetic and electrical components in the material. The CNS nano-boxes possess a unique multi-layer hollow structure and magnetoelectric coupling properties, which effectively regulate the impedance matching, induce the generation of multiple polarizations, and provide excellent low-frequency response characteristics. CST simulation verifies the actual application potential of the composites in specific absorption bands. This work offers a new perspective for the development of lowfrequency microwave absorbing materials.

The increasing prevalence of electromagnetic pollution has necessitated the development of efficient electromagnetic wave-absorbing materials. This study focuses on the synthesis and characterization of magnetic bamboo-based composites (MBCs) derived from natural moso bamboo, aiming to enhance electromagnetic wave absorption performance through structural modulation and the introduction of magnetic components. Bamboo blocks were subjected to lignin removal and impregnated with iron acetylacetonate (Fe(acac)3) precursor solutions, followed by in-situ pyrolysis to form Fe3O4-embedded carbon composites. The resulting materials were characterized using XRD, Raman spectroscopy, SEM, TEM, VSM, and XPS, revealing the successful integration of magnetic nanoparticles within the bamboo-derived carbon matrix. Electromagnetic wave absorption properties were evaluated in the 2-18 GHz frequency range, demonstrating that MBC-2, with an optimal Fe3O4 content, achieved a minimum reflection loss (RL) of - 58.4 dB at 1.5 mm thickness and an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 6.13 GHz at 1.7 mm. The superior performance of MBC-2 is attributed to its balanced dielectric and magnetic losses, enhanced interfacial polarization, and optimized impedance matching. Additionally, MBC-2 exhibited excellent Joule heating performance, flame retardancy, and hydrophobic properties, highlighting its multifunctionality. This study provides a novel approach for designing high-performance biomass-based electromagnetic wave-absorbing materials, offering potential applications in military and civilian sectors for electromagnetic pollution mitigation.

The persistent contamination of water resources by antibiotics, resistant to conventional treatment methods, necessitates innovative and effective solutions. Herein, a donor-acceptor (D-A) heptazine-based covalent organic framework (COF) was strategically synthesized via thermal polymerization of biphenyl-linked triazine monomers, followed by hydrothermal integration with CdS to construct an S-scheme heterojunction (CSF2). The D-A structure promoted intramolecular charge delocalization and enhanced interfacial charge transport. The optimized CSF2 demonstrated exceptional photocatalytic activity, yielding H2O2 at 765.6 mu mol.g(-1).h(-1) (5-fold that of pristine COF) and degrading 92.1 % of ofloxacin (k = 0.01891 min(-1)) via a self-Fenton process. Mechanistic studies combining DFT calculations and LC-MS analysis revealed multi-pathway degradation dominated by center dot OH and center dot O-2(-) targeting electrophilic/nucleophilic sites. This work provides a scalable strategy for synergizing organic D-A architectures with inorganic semiconductors, offering a sustainable paradigm for advanced oxidation technologies in environmental remediation.

As to most traditional microwave-absorbing materials, weak thermal conductivity and narrow absorption bandwidth have greatly limited their practical applications. In this work, a novel synthesis strategy was put forward to construct the porous one-dimensional (1D) ZnO/C fibers anchored by zero-dimensional (0D) cobalt nanoparticles (Co-ZnO/C) via a synergistic approach combining electrospinning, seed-assisted growth of ZnCo bimetal-organic frameworks (MOFs), and carbonization processes. Changing metal cobalt ion ratios in the fibers can effectively adjust the graphitization degree and electromagnetic parameters, and then correspondingly enhance the microwave absorption performance. Further, reduced cobalt nanoparticles significantly amplify interfacial polarization and magnetic loss, while the hierarchical porous structure optimizes impedance matching. Consequently, increasing the cobalt contents leads to an improvement in RLmin from -50.83 dB to -63.42 dB, albeit with a slight decrease in the EABmax from 7.28 GHz (10.72-18.00 GHz) at 2.50 mm to 7.04 GHz (9.12-16.16 GHz) at 2.90 mm. Excessive addition of cobalt ion can also result in a decrease in microwave absorption performance. Specific porous 1D structure extends the electron transport path and enhances thermal conductivity of the Co-ZnO/C composites. The corresponding thermal conductivity reaches 0.318 W m- 1 K-1, which is 40 % higher than that of pure epoxy resin. The superior electromagnetic wave absorption performance, coupled with the elevated thermal conductivity, renders the as-synthesized Co-ZnO/C composites highly promising for application in the design and manufacture of next-generation wireless communication equipment and high power devices.

The relationship between the composition, structure and property is critical in selecting high entropy rare earth zirconates for thermal barrier coating applications, which has been systematically investigated in the present work. Key findings reveal that the size (radius) disorder delta R overriding mass disorder delta M and average mass M A , predominantly determine the phonon scattering coefficient and the phonon thermal conductivity. Moreover, an increase in the lattice disorder degree (xO48 f ) and the bond length of Zr-O48 f contributes to a reduction in the lattice energy, facilitating a decrease in the elastic modulus and an increase in the thermal expansion coefficient. Additionally, increasing the size disorder delta R and average mass M A at the A site leads to a smaller grain size, enhancing fracture toughness. These insights guide the design of high-entropy rare earth zirconates for next- generation thermal barrier coating materials.

The Monte Carlo simulation is employed to study the dynamic magnetic properties of Ising core-shell nanoparticles in an oscillating magnetic field. The effects of time-dependent magnetic field, exchange coupling, crystal field, concentration, and temperature on the instantaneous magnetization of the system are presented. In addition, the dynamic hysteresis behaviors are investigated. According to the results, the system displays relaxation behavior at low temperatures, which is affected by various parameters, and reduced significantly with temperature increasing.