In order to study the power generation characteristics of a self-biased dielectric elastomer generator (DEG), a charge pump circuit applied to a DEG was designed based on the charge pump principle after analyzing the structure and power generation mechanism of DEG. A self-biased DEG model was established in MATLAB/Simulink software. The model was simulated and the factors on the output voltage of DEG, such as the series and capacitance of the charge pump circuit, were studied. Furthermore, the corresponding test platform was built. Then, the comparative analysis between the test results and simulation results was studied. The test and simulation results show that the combination of the charge pump circuit and DEG could realize the function of self-biased power generation. The larger the charge pump series, the higher the output voltage of DEG. The test study found that the output voltage of DEG was higher when the charge pump series was 3. The larger the capacitance of the charge pump, the lower the output voltage of DEG. When the capacitance of the charge pump was too large, the boosted voltage of DEG was not obvious. However, if the input voltage was low, the output voltage of DEG was high when the charge pump capacitance value was large. The above results provide the basis for further study of the self-biased DEG.

When dielectric elastomer materials are used for power generation, bias voltage is applied at both ends of dielectric elastomer film, and there are equal amounts of heterogeneous charges on both sides of the film, so Maxwell electrostatic force is always coupled in the process of power generation. In order to investigate the distribution of Maxwell stress in dielectric elastomer material under electric field, the electrostatic model of dielectric elastomer generator is established in COMSOL finite element simulation software environment in this paper. The distribution of electrostatic force is studied from two aspects of theoretical derivation and simulation, and the magnitude and direction of electrostatic force are determined. The simulation results show that the Maxwell electrostatic force can be equivalent to the tensile force along the film plane and the extrusion force perpendicular to the plane, and they are the same.

In the past studies, dielectric elastomer generators (DEGs) need a high voltage DC power supply to provide an offset voltage, which restricts the application of DEG technology in practical projects. To solve this problem, this study adopts piezoelectric materials to provide an offset voltage for DEGs and a self-priming circuit to recycle the energy generated by DEGs. A new DEG with piezoelectric offset is designed to solve the problem of self-supply in the DEG power generation process. Before the experiment, the mathematical model is established by analyzing the dielectric elastomer generator and piezoelectric offset circuit and self-priming circuit, and the above models are simulated through the MATLAB/Simulink software. The simulation results demonstrate that the elastic restoring force of dielectric elastomers overcomes the electric field force and converts mechanical energy into electrical energy, and piezoelectric materials can provide an offset voltage for DEGs. The experimental results are in good agreement with the simulation analysis, and the calculated power of DEG-SPC is 673 mW, which lay a foundation for further research on dielectric elastomer power generation technology.

The energy conversion process of dielectric elastomers is an electromechanical coupling behavior, and the constitutive model of the material is the basis for studying electromechanical coupling characteristics. In order to explore the constitutive model of dielectric elastomers, based on the theory of continuum mechanics, combined with the superelastic constitutive model, a mechanical constitutive model was described, and the basic equations of the constitutive model were obtained. At the same time, combined with uniaxial, biaxial, and pure shear stretching, the three tensile methods, the relationship between the tensile rate and the force of the dielectric elastomer under three kinds of stretching modes was obtained. The experimental data were fitted by the COMSOL software, and the fitting curves of the relationship between stress and elongation of four superelastic models were obtained. Comparative analysis of the experimental data and fitted curve showed that the Neo-Hookean model had the worst fitting effect. The Yeoh model and the Ogden model had better shear fitting. The Mooney-Rivlin model fitted well in the three stretching modes. The conclusions of this study provided the basis for the study of the electromechanical coupling characteristics of dielectric elastomers.

传统的电能供给方式中占主导地位的是电磁发电技术,该技术需要消耗大量的化石能源.为了缓解能源短缺的压力、保护环境,探索新型发电技术成为趋势.在分析电磁、压电、静电等多种发电技术的基础上,总结发现复合发电技术能获得频带更宽、峰值更高的能量.随着人工智能的发展,可穿戴发电设备、物联网传感器等的自供电成为亟待解决技术的难题,采用新型功能材料发电技术是一种可行的方案.目前新材料发电技术研究处于起步阶段,未来设计和制造更高效的俘能器仍然是MEMS领域研究的热点.

In order to solve the problem that a dielectric elastomer generator (DEG) requires an external high voltage bias supply to improve the autonomy and security of the power generation system so that it could adapt to a changeable environment, and to improve the efficiency of power generation, based on the simulation research and analysis of three traditional self-biasing circuits, a new self-biasing circuit integrated with a self-supplementary circuit has been proposed in this paper. Under the same input conditions, the maximum output potential of the new self-biasing circuit is 2.23 times that of the traditional circuit. The pumping capability of the self-biasing circuit is greatly improved. At the same time, based on this circuit, in order to explore the factors affecting the energy conversion of the DEG, the overall electromechanical parameters of the circuit are compared and optimized by simulation experiments in this paper. The simulation and experimental results show that the capacitance-to-strain ratio of DEG and the mechanical frequency should be as large as possible within the safe range to obtain larger output potential, and the capacitance of charge pump should be 0.75 times of the capacitance of DEG in the initial state to improve efficiency.

介电弹性体是一种新型功能材料,其能量收集作用主要应用在低频、大变形的能量源场合,与海洋能发电十分契合.该文描述了介电弹性体发电的基本原理及其材料特性和发电装置电极材料的研究进展.针对目前介电弹性体海洋能发电装置成本高,种类少,能量转换效率低等问题,该文总结了国内外不同类型的基于介电弹性体的海洋能发电装置及研究方案,对不同类型的发电机特点及适用场合进行了分析.结果 表明,浮标式和管状水动力式发电机应用前景广.最后阐述了当前介电弹性体在海洋能应用上亟待解决的问题,并对进一步解决上述问题提出了建议.

针对目前国内电热管式的滚筒杀青机存在能源损失大、电热管使用寿命短、升温慢等问题,本文设计了电磁热滚筒杀青机,其工作原理是利用先进的感应加热技术对滚筒直接加热以达到升温的目的.设计的主要内容是将线圈绕在滚筒上并采用电刷传导电流,这样可以提高热效率,从而降低能量损耗.

为探究介电弹性体发电机发电量与其拉伸变形的关系,采用单轴、纯剪切与双轴3种拉伸模式进行介电弹性体发电机发电性能的实验研究.分析了介电弹性体发电机在3种拉伸模式下电压、电容、电极涂覆面积与拉伸率的关系,实验研究了3种拉伸模式下介电弹性体发电机输出电压、实际产生电能、拉力与其变形量的关系及介电弹性体的破裂极限.实验和研究结果表明,双轴拉伸模式下介电弹性体的破裂极限最大,在面积变换率大于4倍时电能出现大幅度提升,可实现介电弹性体的能量密度最大化.

Dielectric elastomer (DE are a kind of novel smart materials that exhibit change in size or shape when stimulated by an electric field,based on Maxwell's effect.To study the power generation characteristics of dielectric elastomer transducer in pure shear tensile,dielectric elastomer roll transducer with prestretch properties was made by spring and the electromechanical coupling mode of dielectric elastomer transducer in pure shear tensile was established based on the Neo-Hooken model,and the corresponding simulation model was set up in Matlab/Simulink environment.The simulation research of the power generation characteristics of dielectric elastomer transducer and the influence of different spring coefficients on its generation characteristics were carried out.The experimental research was done by making dielectric elastomer roll transducer,and compared with the simulation results.The simulation and test results showed that the power characteristics of dielectric elastomer roll transducer were higher than those of the general tensile mode transducer.Under the same condition of tensile mode,initial voltage and the prestretch limitations,the power characteristic was increased with the increase of elastic coefficient.The above results about dielectric elastomer roll transducer provided theoretical reference for applications of dielectric elastomer generators in the field of vibration energy harvesting in the future.

为研究介电弹性体发电机的发电特性,基于COMSOL有限元软件建立了在纯剪切拉伸方式下的介电弹性体发电机有限元仿真机电耦合模型.该模型基于Y eo h超弹性材料本构,同时耦合发电机膜内静电力,根据可变电容理论对发电机电容变化及发电效果进行研究.设计了可Y向预拉伸的纯剪切拉伸装置,并在不同预拉伸条件下对发电机薄膜样本进行了拉伸实验,分析了其电容变化及发电效果.对比了仿真数据与实验结果,仿真模型的电容变化与实验测得的电容变化情况基本吻合,仿真模型一个周期内的输出电压变化与实验测得的电压变化基本吻合.实验及仿真结果表明,在相同的拉伸条件下,Y向预拉伸增大了初始电容及电容变化速率,且当Y向预拉伸λ=1时的上升电压为83 V,而λ=2时的上升电压达到252 V,改善了发电性能.本文提出的介电弹性体发电机新的研究方法为发电机样机设计提供了新的思路.

针对目前国内电热式理条机存在的能耗高、温度响应速度不快和加热不均匀等问题,对现有加热方式进行了研究,提出了一种采用电磁加热技术的新型茶叶理条机,改变传统气、电加热形式.介绍了电磁热理条机的操作与保养,给出了电磁热理条机改进试验进展及成果.结果表明:电磁热方式加热,装机整洁,升温快,电磁热方式装机功率小,能源利用率高,并且温度到后,不会有余温加热,温度稳定.且电磁热理条机使用寿命长,线圈不加热,相比电热管,不容易损坏,相对于电热管加热,锅槽的均匀性也有所提高.

Aiming at the current research progress of dielectric elastomer materials,using the information visualization technology,the relat-ed literature in recent ten years was studied.The SCI core database of Web of Science was searched with the word " dielectric elastomer" as the key word.Using CiteSpace information visualization software,the data were analyzed.A number of co-citation maps on dielectric elasto-mer were plotted.The research progress was reviewed,and the frontiers and hotspots were summarized.The results indicate that the field of dielectric elastomer material is under the period of great development and more scientific research are invested in this field in both China and the United States.After the search of the SCI core database of Web of Science,three key nodes with significant influence were obtained,which can reveal that the study of dielectric elastomer materials has great significance in the aspects of compositions,performances and methodology.

According to the power generation mechanism and power generation characteristics of an electroactive acrylic elastomer (E-ACE), a new idea of vibration energy harvesting with the use of E-ACE was proposed, which is based on the analysis of vibration energy harvesting technology research status and development trend. The prototype of the vibration energy generator was constructed by using the E-ACE material, and its mechanism characteristic of vibration energy harvesting was analyzed and studied in the experiments. Experimental results show that the generated voltage of the E-ACE material increases with the increasing vibration amplitude and vibration frequency. The generated voltage of the E-ACE material exhibited nonlinearity with the increase in the strain area, and there existed an inflection point. It is not true that the bigger the prestretching, the better it is. There is a suitable prestretching condition. The results provide the basis for further research in the field of vibration energy harvesting for E-ACE.

理条机是生产条形名优茶的必要工序设备,但传统理条机主要依靠人工操作,存在劳动强度大等问题.本设计在原来的6CLZ 80/18理条机的基础上加以改进,通过PLC一体机,实现理条时间、理条温度与理条量等各项参数的综合控制,使6CLZ 80/18理条机的自动化程度得到明显提升.

针对目前国内银行、公交公司等机构其硬币分拣、整理、封装大多为人工操作,存在效率低、浪费劳动成本等问题,本文设计制造了集钱币分类整理封装为一体的自动化机器,采用通过硬币直径的大小对币值进行清分的方法,多工位流水线作业,功能齐全,可实现对我国目前各类流通硬币的分类、清点、整理及封装,各模块排列紧凑,各机构互相有序协调,通过PLC控制、步进电机驱动实现.该全自动钱币分类整理封装一体机可以节约人工,提高效率.

Based on professional analysis software module to output the electrical environment parameter data and innovative design of a new remote contact network residual pressure monitoring system , it was aimed to en-sure that executive summit before contact with the residual voltage of the power supply system would be within the scope of human security , in order to ensure the safety of locomotive maintenance personnel safety and roof safety equipment .System used 433 M wireless communication technology and human-computer interaction equipment technology development to read from time to time to contact net residual voltage and frequency , and in the Visual Studio environment , it was created Microsoft Foundation Classes ( MFC ) application interface record and display .Experimental results showed that compared with the traditional high voltage electrical in -spection equipment , the contact net residual pressure remote monitoring system was more reasonable and safe ,convenient to operate , had high response speed , high reliability and accuracy advantages of higher perform-ance measurement , further research on the efficient and reliable test power system would provide a good theo-retical foundation , while improving its market value in Pleasanton , EMU maintenance and other related fields .

In order to improve the conversion efficiency of micro energy harvesting,three typical generators were studied and their equivalent circuits were analyzed.The working principles,advantages and disadvantages and energy conversion efficiency of three energy harvesting devices were discussed.Typical energy storage devices were compared.The results showed that the energy harvesting circuit with control unit was the most effective one,supercapacitor and lithium battery were suitable for micro energy harvesting system.Based on the analyses,some advises were proposed for the micro energy harvesting technology and energy storage devices.Combining the energy harvesting circuits with control unit and combined form of energy storage system would be one of the directions for further research on the efficiency of micro energy harvesting system.

The related researches about flexible electrode are summarized and analyzed.Flexible electrode is an important part of dielectric elastomer generator and actuator,and its performance directly affects the efficiency of dielectric elastomer generators and the driving performance of actuators.At present,the research of flexible electrode is in the initial stage.On the base of the different applications of the dielectric elastomer,the properties,preparation processes and methods of several typical materials such as carbon electrode,carbon nanotube electrode are analyzed.According to the different application conditions,the using field of the electrode materials is analyzed.It is found that flexible electrode materials require large flexibility and good electrical conductivity property.However,flexibility and conductivity of the electrode material is contradictory,at present.There are still several problems such as lack of fit,poor conductivity of the flexible electrode materials.Further study of the flexible electrode material and its preparation process are needed.

In order to improve electromechanical conversion efficiency for dielectric elastomer generators (DEG), on the base of studying DEG energy harvesting cycles of constant voltage, constant charge and constant electric field intensity, a new combined cycle mode and optimization theory in terms of the generating mechanism and electromechanical coupling process have been built. By controlling the switching point to achieve the best energy conversion cycle, the energy loss in the energy conversion process is reduced. DEG generating test bench which was used to carry out comparative experiments has been established. Experimental results show that the collected energy in constant voltage cycle, constant charge cycle and constant electric field intensity energy harvesting cycle decreases in turn. Due to the factors such as internal resistance losses, electrical losses and so on, actual energy values are less than the theoretical values. The electric energy conversion efficiency by combining constant electric field intensity cycle with constant charge cycle is larger than that of constant electric field intensity cycle. The relevant conclusions provide a basis for the further applications of DEG.