The article analyzes the genetic diversity of populations of Lobelia dortmanna L. (Dortmann’s lobelia) performed using molecular iPBS markers. All known populations in Belarus from lakes Beloye (Luninetsky district), Svityaz (Novogrudsky district), Belyanets and Bredno (Rossonosky district), located in island localities far from the south-east border of the range, were studied. The research results showed that Nei’s greatest genetic distance is characteristic of the Belyanets population (0.15), and the least one is characteristic of the Bredno population (0.10). For this species, no relationship has been identified between the position of the population within the range, its size, plant vitality and the level of genetic diversity.For Belarusian populations of Lobelia dortmanna L., a predominance of interpopulation variability (54 %) over intrapopulation variability (46 %) was established, which indicates a high level of their genetic differentiation. The gene flow for populations of the species under study is 0.35, which confirms the low level of gene exchange between populations and is consistent with an extremely low population size of the species in the territory of Belarus, as well as the isolation of populations both from the main fragment of the species’ range and among themselves. Data of the cluster analysis of Lobelia dortmanna L. populations demonstrate their division into 2 genetically distinct groups, the geographical location of which confirms their genetic connection with the Fennoscandian and Atlantic-European fragments of the species’ range in the northern part of Europe.

The common gromwell Lithospermum officinale L. is a valuable medicinal plant that has been used in traditional medicine since ancient times. A method to quantify flavonoids in L. officinale leaves by differential spectrophotometry was developed taking advantage of the flavonoid reaction with aluminum chloride. The optimum duration of the reaction was determined, as well as the optimum volume-to-volume ratio between an aqueous ethanolic extract of L. officinale leaves and 2% aluminum chloride (aqueous ethanolic solution). Rutin was used as a standard. The method was validated in terms of specificity, linearity, precision, and accuracy and proved suitable for analytical purposes. The flavonoid content expressed in terms of rutin was found to exceed 2% of the absolutely dry weight in L. officinale leaves over different years of cultivation.

The influence of the intensity and spectral composition of LED and fluorescent (FL) light on the morphogenesis of Myrtus communis L. and Psidium cattleianum Sabine (Myrtaceae) seedlings in a small pot greenhouse culture in the Central Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus (CBG) was studied. It was shown that in terms of plant height, the number and total surface of leaves, as well as the specific dry weight of the leaf, seedlings of both species over 120 cultivation days in all variants with irradiation surpassed control plants. The increase in dry weight per 1 cm 2 of leaf (mg with respect to the control) that characterizes the photosynthesis productivity was influenced by the spectral composition of radiation, which made it possible to identify interspecies and intervariant differences. The variant with an FL Narva lamp with a total photon flux density PFD = 76.22 µmol/m 2 /s, with a share of the green spectrum PFD-G = 46.47 %, red – PFD-R = 20.00 % and with the value of the ratio R/FR = 5.77 in the subtropical long-day species M. communis, it was 1.24 mg, while in the tropical short-day species P. cattleianum had only 0.39 mg. In plants irradiated with an LED lamp with a photon flux density PFD = 186.20 µmol/m 2 /s, with a share of PFD-R = 59.34 %, and at R/FR = 54.43, the growth was 2.60 and 1.93 mg with respect to control, respectively. LED sources are the most efficient in terms of the photosynthesis productivity for both short-day and long day plants.

В статье представлен анализ современного состояния коллекции охраняемых видов растений Центрального ботанического сада НАН Беларуси, в которой содержится 71 вид, имеющий категорию охраны Красной книги Республики Беларусь и 30 видов, нуждающихся в профилактической охране

This work evaluates the test results of 3 types of LED lamps with different spectral composition of radiation and photon flux of photosynthesis (PPF, μmol/m2/sec): PPG T8I Agro (37), Navigator DSP-FITO (47.5) and DDP06-3×8-004 UHL 4 ‘Home Farm' (100), in the greenhouse culture of the orchid Cattleya labiata Lindl. The parameters of the thickness of annual leaves, the percentage of dry matter and the increase in biomass per unit of leaf surface (μg/cm2) formed over a period of 140 days were used as indicators to assess the degree of influence of the spectral composition of light on the morphogenesis of C. labiata plants. The spectral characteristics of the LED lamp DDP06-3×8-004 UHL 4 ‘Home Farm' with a white glow, intensity PPF 100 are considered as the most favorable for the successful greenhouse cultivation of the orchid Cattleya labiata Lindl. The combination in its spectrum of red and green spectra with their ratio equal to 1.3, and when the ratio of red and blue spectra equal to 3.34, a higher level of dry matter accumulation is observed per unit of leaf surface area white maintaining parameter of the leaf structure characteristic of a given plant species.

V Съезд Совета ботанических садов стран СНГ при Международной ассоциации академий наук с международной научной конференцией «Современные направления сохранения и рационального использования биоразнообразия растительного мира» (далее – Съезд) был проведен 18-21 мая 2021 г. в Центральном ботаническом саду НАН Беларуси (г.Минск) на основании постановления Бюро Президиума НАН Беларуси от 20.12.2020 № 572 «О научных, научно-технических и научно-практических мероприятиях Национальной академии наук Беларуси на 2021 год». The V Congress of the Council of Botanical Gardens of the CIS countries under the International Association of Academies of Sciences with the international scientific conference "Modern trends in the conservation and rational use of plant biodiversity" (hereinafter referred to as the Congress) was held on May 18-21, 2021 in the Central Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus (Belarus). Minsk) on the basis of the Resolution of the Bureau of the Presidium of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus dated December 20, 2020 No. 572 “On scientific, scientific-technical and scientific-practical events of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus for 2021”.

The study of wound-healing effect of the gel substances with 2 and 4 % (w/w) concentrations of the dry extracts of the everlasting flowers and of the littlewale leaves in the ratio 1:1 were carried out.It was found that the skin application of the studied gel substances promoted the formation of the structural and functional regenerate in the area of the wound defect. The studied gel contributed to the significant reduction of the healing duration of the full-thickness linear wounds in rats compared to the control group of animals (without treatment) and to the group of animals that received treatment with the reference listed drug. The use of the studied gels, regardless of the content of the plant extracts in them (2 or 4 % (w/w)), was not accompanied by toxic effects.

An analysis of genetic heterogeneity was performed for two populations of Ophrys insectifera L. located in the Berezinsky Biosphere Reserve and the Verkudy village. The species are critically endangered (CR). The analysis of data obtained using iPBS markers detected the higher risk of extinction of the population in the Berezinsky Biosphere Reserve than the population from the Verkudy village, since the level of population genetic heterogeneity from the Verkudy is higher compared to the Berezinsky Biosphere Reserve. Molecular variance analysis (AMOVA) and other parameters of genetic variation showed the major fraction of intrapopulation variation (64 %, Gst = 0.26). Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCoA) revealed two groups that coincided with natural populations, and confirmed a larger genetic heterogeneity in the population from the Verkudy.

Using the GC/MS method analysis of the chemical composition of aromatic volatile compounds released by the leaves of tropical representatives of the genus Citrus L. (sweet lime (limetta) - Citrus limetta Risso and its varieties: Citrus limetta ‘Marokko', Citrus limetta ‘Kislaya oranzhevaya', sour lime - Citrus aurantiifolia ‘Taiti' and Citrus aurantiifolia ‘Foro', as well as lemon - Citrus limon ‘Beskolyuchii') in greenhouse conditions were studied. The number of aromatic substances of the gas phase of natural essential oils of leaves revealed for each of them was 38, 41, 37, 44, 37 and 30 compounds, respectively. 10 components were characteristic of all six taxa under study, which confirm their genetic affinity: D-limonene, Z-citral (neral), E-citral (geranial), elemene isomer, α-copaene, trans-α-bergamotene, benzoic acid, 3-hexenyl ester, trans-γ-bisabolene, β-caryophyllene oxide, a-humulene epoxide II. For hybrids and varieties of sweet lime (limetta) and sour lime, 7 more components belonging to the class of terpenoids are also characteristic: oxygen-containing compounds (citronellal, citronellol, citronellyl, β-sinensal) and sesquiterpenes (cadina-3.5-diene, β-caryophyllene, trans-β-bergamotene), as well as a number of individual aromatic substances, characteristic for each of the varieties in the bouquet of their citrus-coniferous aroma of leaves. The studied taxa can be recommended as part of compositions of aromatic plants in interiors for various functional purposes.

The dynamics of accumulation of flavonoids in the leaves of the littlewale (Lithospermum officinale L.) of the second year of cultivation in various phenological phases was studied. The maximum content of flavonoids was observed during the flowering phase. It was shown that the qualitative composition of the extracts of the leaves of the common sparrow in different phenological phases was changed insignificantly. At each stage of plant development, the flavonoid isoquercitrin was identified, the maximum amount of which was observed in the flowering phase.A comparative assessment of the elemental composition of the leaves of the littlewale is carried out, depending on the phenological phase. The quantitative content of 11 macro- and microelements has been determined. A high content of calcium, potassium and silicon was noted in each phase of plant development.

In the course of the research, the morphological and morphometric characteristics of the seeds of the leaders of the genus Turbinicarpus (family Cactaceae) were studied. The studied taxa were divided into several groups depending on the sculpture of the seed coat and the surface of the epidermal cells of the seed coat: the smooth surface of the epidermal cells and the wrinkled surface of the epidermal cells. Identified signs that can be used as diagnostic for establishing the systematic position of plants.

The results of study of the components of Monarda fistulosa L. essential oil under chemicals are shown. The experiment was made at the Central botanical garden of the National academy of sciences of the Republic of Belarus since 2011 till 2013. The research conditions involved using of nitrogen, phosphoric and potassium fertilizers on limed and nonlimed fields. Essential oil was determined in air-dry material with hydrodistillation method applying Ginsberg apparatus. The component composition of essential oil was investigated using chromatograph “Agilent Technologies 7820 A” with a flame ionization detector. Components those were important for quality of essential oil were studied in different stages of ontogenesis. Accumulation dynamics of γ-terpinen, p-cymene and linalool was depended on random factor. Accumulation of geraniol, 1.8-cineole, thymol and carvacrol was M-shaped curve under growth doses of mineral fertilizers. Ranked rows of the variants of fertilizer application on the basis of changes in mass fractions thymol, carvacrol, 1,8-cineole and geraniol were built. Analyzing of these data gives possible to grow Monarda fistulosa L. and to use its essential oil for pharmaceutical, food and perfumery-cosmetic industries.

В работе представлены результаты исследований по идентификации фенольных соединений змееголовника молдавского (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) из коллекции Центрального ботанического сада Национальной академии наук Беларуси. Экспериментально установлено время экстракции комплекса фенольных соединений из лекарственного растения. Разработаны методики и проведено количественное определение суммы фенольных соединений, флаван-3-олов и флавонов в экстрактах змееголовника молдавского спектрофотометрическим методом. Концентрацию фенольных соединений определяли методом Фолина и Чокальтеу в модификации Синглетона и Росси. Суммарное содержание флавонолов и флавонов устанавливали по реакции образования комплексных соединений с хлоридом алюминия. Количественное определение флавонолов в экстракте проводили путем определения оптической плотности продукта реакции вышеуказанных соединений с 2,4-динитрофенилгидразином при 495 нм. Разработана методика хроматографического анализа фенольных соединений экстракта указанного растения. На основании электронных и масс-спектров сделан вывод о присутствии розмариновой кислоты, лютеолина и кверцетина в исследуемом экстракте. Проведенные исследования позволяют рекомендовать змееголовник молдавский для использования в фармацевтической промышленности с целью создания фитопрепаратов на его основе.

Littlewale (Lithospermum officinale L.) is a valuable medicinal plant that has been used in folk medicine since ancient times as a diuretic, laxative, analgesic, anti-cold and anti-inflammatory agent. One of the most common classes of biologically active substances of plant origin are flavonoids. The leaves of the littlewale contain isoquercitrin, a flavonoid that has a regenerating effect. This article presents the results of a study of the influence of extraction parameters (ethanol concentration, temperature, ratio of the mass of plant materials to the volume of extractant, duration, multiplicity) on the output of flavonoids from the leaves of the littlewale. Using the orthogonal central compositional planning, a dependence is obtained that describes the influence of temperature and the duration of the extraction process on the efficiency of extracting flavonoids from the leaves of the littlewale. It was found that the maximum yield of the target components, which is more than 2 %, is achieved with the following parameters of the extraction process: extractant - 50 % ethyl alcohol, the ratio of the mass of raw materials to the volume of extractant is 1:20, temperature - 65-70 ° С , duration - 35-45 minutes. It is enough to conduct a single extraction of plant materials.

Littlewale (Lithospermum officinale L.) is a valuable medicinal plant that has been used in folk medicine since ancient times as a diuretic, laxative, analgesic, anti-cold and anti-inflammatory agent. One of the most common classes of biologically active substances of plant origin are flavonoids. The leaves of the littlewale contain isoquercitrin, a flavonoid that has a regenerating effect. This article presents the results of a study of the influence of extraction parameters (ethanol concentration, temperature, ratio of the mass of plant materials to the volume of extractant, duration, multiplicity) on the output of flavonoids from the leaves of the littlewale. Using the orthogonal central compositional planning, a dependence is obtained that describes the influence of temperature and the duration of the extraction process on the efficiency of extracting flavonoids from the leaves of the littlewale. It was found that the maximum yield of the target components, which is more than 2 %, is achieved with the following parameters of the extraction process: extractant - 50 % ethyl alcohol, the ratio of the mass of raw materials to the volume of extractant is 1:20, temperature - 65-70 ° С , duration - 35-45 minutes. It is enough to conduct a single extraction of plant materials.

Проведен сравнительный 1 Н и 13С ЯМР анализ водных (D2О) экстрактов листьев четырех образцов растений рода Echinacea Moench: диких (E. angustifolia, E. purpurea) и культурных (E.×hybrida сорт ‘Leilani’ [E. paradoxa×E. purpurea], E. purpurea сорт ‘Elegy’). Для исследования использовали листья, собранные в августе в фазе цветения. Растения выращены в Центральном ботаническом саду (ЦБС) Национальной академии наук Беларуси. В них обнаружены биологически активные вещества (БАВ), в частности 4 углевода (глюкоза, фруктоза, галактоза, сахароза) и 11 аминокислот (фенилаланин, тирозин, γ-аминомасляная кислота, аспарагин, пролин, аланин, треонин, валин, изолейцин, лейцин, глутамин). Дополнительно методом ВЭЖХ исследовано соотношение других БАВ, в том числе фенольной природы, в вышеуказанных, а также еще в 6 образцах: у дикой E. paradoxa и культурных (E.×hybrida сорт ‘Hot Papaya’, E. purpurea сорт ‘Green Jewel’, E.×hybrida сорт ‘Strawberry Shortcake’, E. purpurea сорт ‘Green Envy’, E. purpurea сорт ‘Secret Romance’). В результате идентифицированы 13 соединений: аскорбиновая кислота, кафтаровая кислота, хлорогеновая кислота, синапиновая кислота, цинарин, эхинакозид, кофейная кислота, феруловая кислота, бензойная кислота, цикориевая кислота, салициловая кислота, резвератрол, коричная кислота и олеаноловая кислота. Опираясь на результаты анализов БАВ, обсуждены характерные видовые и сортовые особенности изучаемых объектов. Настоящее исследование подтверждает возможность использования ЯМР- и ВЭЖХ-методов для целей хемосистематики Echinacea ssp. и определения наилучших сроков заготовки их лекарственного растительного сырья.

Ecological analysis was performed for localities of Belarusian rare and endangered plant species created in the Central Botanical Garden of NAS of Belarus. Artificial cenopopulations of Astrantia major L., Allium ursinum L., Lunaria rediviva L., Hedera helix L. were analyzed in ecological space of the Central Botanical Garden by estimating ecological valence, tolerance and biocompatibility. Comparison between ecological amplitudes and optimums of species studied allows environmental stress points to be identified towards their ecomorphs.

The results of inventory of artificial cenopopulations of rare plants of natural flora in the conditions of the Central Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus (CBG) are presented. 24 artificial and 2 spontaneous cenopopulations of 16 plant species were inventoried and mapped on CBG territory. All cenopopulations were classified into 4 groups: successfully naturalized and invasive developing (п = 9 cenopopulations), inferior cenopopulations under anthropogenic exposure (п = 7), newly created cenopopulations (п = 8) and spontaneous cenopopulations (п = 2). 6 cenopopulations of Astrantia major L. (п = 3), Drymocallis rupestris (L.) Sojk (п = 1), Iris aphylla L. (п = 1), Vicia pisiformis L. (п = 1) are belonging to the category of critically endangered species (CR). 3 cenopopulations of Clematis recta L. (п = 1) иand Hedera helix L. (п = 2) are belonging to the category of endangered species (EN). 5 cenopopulations of Allium ursinum L. (п = 2), Aruncus dioicus (Walter) Fernald (п = 2), Pulmonaria mollis Wulfen ex Hornem. (п = 1) are belonging to the category of vulnerable species (VU). 6 cenopopulations of Campanula latifolia L. (п = 1), Iris sibirica L. (п = 1), Lilium martagon L. (п = 1), Lunaria rediviva L. (п = 3) are belonging to the category of near threatened species (NT). The cenopopulations of Digitalis grandiflora Mill. (п = 1), Geranium phaeum L. (п = 1), Epipactis helleborine (L.) Crantz (п = 1), Hepatica nobilis Mill. (п = 1), Matteuccia struthiopteris (L.) Tod. (1), Tulipa sylvestris L. (п = 2) are categorised as conservation dependent species (CD). Ontogenetic spectra of cenopopulations studied were constructed and development stages of their groups and vital strategy peculiarity were detected. Individual vitality index (IVI) was estimated based on morphological characteristics of individual plants composing cenopopulations. Vitality of all artificial cenopopulations entered into natural phytocenosis was identified as prosper type. Two cenopopulations were assessed to have depressive vitality type.