The provocation of the hydroacoustic communication interaction of Tursiops truncatus dolphins based on cognitive empathy showed that they use packets of ultrashort pulses (USPs) in the process of “dialogue”. The duration of bursts varies from 40 ms to 3000 ms with modulation of the interval between USPs from ~1 to ~120 ms and pauses between bursts. The interval modulation pattern is structured using various modulation laws. The communication signals were obtained in an experiment with theparticipation of three animals, who knew the main task of sequential acoustic differentiation of two objective stimuli. The impetus for hydroacoustic interaction is the resolution of uncertainty when teaching the respondent the inverse differentiation problem. This generates emotional empathy in observers and provokes vocalization between individuals. The advantages and disadvantages of methodological methods of provoking hydroacoustic interaction are considered in detail, starting the process of cognitive empathy. In the method under consideration, echolocation and communication signals are spaced apart in time and space, which allows them to be uniquely identified.

The paper examines the question of an upper bound on the number of proper edge 3-colorings of a connected cubic graph with 2 n vertices. For this purpose, the Karpov method is developed with the help of which a weaker version of the bound was previously obtained. Then the bound 2 n + 8 for even n and 2 n + 4 for odd n is proved. Moreover, a unique example is found, for which the upper bound is exact.

Dolphins emit a probing pulse and receive an echo pulse for echolocation during hunting, on the basis of which they detect and identify their prey in the search phase. In the capture phase, dolphins require a stable auditory response to the echo pulse. To explain the features of the perception of echo pulses in the search and capture phases, the pulse-induced response of an ensemble of high-frequency peripheral fibers was modeled. A pair of pulses with center frequencies of 70 kHz, different inter-pulse intervals and peak amplitudes was a model of a probing pulse and an echo pulse. The pulses entered the model at different processing steps, including the transformation of the receptor potential of inner hair cells into a sequence of action potentials of an ensemble of auditory nerve fibers. It was shown that in order to reproduce the temporal structure of the pulses in the ensemble response, the resulting receptor potential must correspond to the response thresholds of most of the ensemble fibers. At short intervals between pulses in a pair, the reproduction of the temporal structure of the second pulse (echo pulse) was facilitated by an increase in the response thresholds of the fibers of the ensemble due to the refractory properties caused by the action of the first pulse (probe pulse model). At large intervals between pulses in a pair, variations in the peak amplitudes of the first pulse (probing pulse models) could be responsible for the reproduction of the structure of the second pulse (echo pulse). It was shown that the modeling is a convenient means to identify different ways of the adjustment of echo pulses to the auditory sensitivity of dolphins in the phases of searching for and capturing prey.

Дельфины при эхолокации во время охоты излучают зондирующий импульс и принимают эхоимпульс, на основании которого обнаруживают и идентифицируют жертву в фазе поиска. В фазе захвата дельфины нуждаются в стабильной слуховой реакции на эхоимпульс. Для объяснения особенностей восприятия эхоимпульсов в фазах поиска и захвата моделировали вызванную импульсами реакцию ансамбля высокочастотных периферических волокон. Пара импульсов с центральными частотами в 70 кГц, разными межимпульсными интервалами и пиковыми амплитудами была моделью зондирующего импульса и эхоимпульса. Импульсы поступали на вход модели, имеющей разные этапы обработки, включая преобразование рецепторного потенциала волосковых клеток в последовательность потенциалов действия ансамбля волокон слухового нерва. Показано, что для воспроизведения временной структуры импульсов в реакции ансамбля необходимо соответствие возникшего рецепторного потенциала порогам реакций большинства волокон ансамбля. При коротких интервалах между импульсами в паре воспроизведению временной структуры второго импульса (эхоимпульса) способствовало повышение порогов реакций волокон ансамбля за счет рефрактерных свойств, вызванных действием первого импульса (модели зондирующего импульса)...

Results for fusion and breakup fusion reaction ( 6 Li+ 194 Pt) are presented and compared with other experimental data and model calculations. A strong isotopic effect is observed when comparing our data with results from ( 6 Li+ 198 Pt)

Сверхширокополосные системы наблюдения еще не созданы. Однако теоретические преимущества гидроакустических систем адаптироваться к изменяющимся гидрофизическим условиям хорошо заметны при исследовании сонара морских млекопитающих. Для исследования подвижного широкополосного сонара необходимы точные биофизические эксперименты. Это делает возможным изучение подвижного широкополосного сонара, используя соответствующее техническое оснащение и методики, ограничивающие подвижность животного вовремя эхолокации. В работе приводится ряд методических решений проведения эксперимента на дельфинах, с помощью которых можно исследовать защищённость от помех и скрытность природного сонара, и впоследствии провести сравнительные испытания с техническими аналогами. На основе представленных методик будут получены сравнительные оценки сигналов эхолокации, принадлежащих различным видам морских млекопитающих. Будет сформирована база данных биологических сигналов поиска, сопровождения и распознавания подводных объектов в сложных условиях естественных и искусственных акустических помех.

New technologies for the digital recording of broadband complex signals have made it possible to develop and create laboratory autonomous multichannel equipment to record bioacoustic activity on a digital medium with low power consumption and the possibility of continuous recording for up to 4 h. The equipment operates under the control of a fit-PC computer with the Windows operating system and the PowerGraph program for digital recording in a frequency band of the analog path of up to 600 kHz. Equipment testing recorded paradoxical signals from toothed whales with a frequency band exceeding 200 kHz. Signals with an extended frequency band were recorded in a laboratory experiment in open water while solving the problem of target tracking and in an experiment with provocation of acoustic communication behavior.

We consider the most feasible ways to significantly improve the sensitivity of spectroscopic methods for detection and measurement of trace concentrations of greenhouse gas molecules in the atmosphere. The proposed methods are based on combining light fluxes from a number of spectral components of the specified molecule on the same photodetector, taking into account the characteristic features of the transmission spectrum of devices utilizing multipath interference effects.

Technical development of optimal methods for detection of simple gas-phase molecules using rovibrational or rotational spectra by the simultaneous detection of several spectral lines of a molecular band with the aid of a comb filter is considered. Two variants for implementation of the methods are based on a spectrometer with the echelle grating with a limited number of elements and Fresnel lens (mirror) with specific ring components that serves as a grating. The Fresnel filter can be matched with the parameters of optics of astronomic instrumentation in the absence of a decrease in the effective aperture.

New experimental measurements of the total reaction cross sections for the 6He + natSi and 9Li + natSi processes in the energy range of 5 to 40 A MeV are presented. A modified transmission method based on high-efficiency detection of prompt n–γ radiation has been used in the experiment. A bump is observed for the first time in the energy dependence σR(E) at E ∼ 10–30 A MeV for the 9Li + natSi reaction, and existence of the bump in σR(E) at E ∼ 10–20 A MeV first observed in the standard transmission experiments is experimentally confirmed for the 6He + natSi reaction. Theoretical analysis of the measured 6He + natSi and 9Li + natSi reaction cross sections is performed within the microscopic double folding model. Disagreement is observed between the experimental and theoretical cross sections in the region of the bump at the energies of 10 to 20 A MeV, which requires further study.

The review discusses the role of omnipresent transcription factors of the NF1 family in the development, establishment and regulation of tissue-specific gene expression in multicellular organisms with a different degree of complexity. The molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of these transcription factors on the development of tissues in the evolutionary lineage of multicellular animals are analyzed.

Properties of the COMBAS fragment separator are compared with respective properties of similar setups. Results of experiments aimed at obtaining products of one-proton-stripping reactions induced by a beam of 40Ar ions with an energy of 35 MeV/A and two-neutron-stripping reactions induced by a beam of 20Ne ions with an energy of 52 MeV/A are presented. A high resolution of the fragment separator in obtaining secondary neutron-rich 39Cl and neutron-deficient 18Ne ion beams is demonstrated.

An experimental technique and a setup for measuring the energy dependence of the total cross sections of nuclear reactions with stable and radioactive nuclear beams at kinetic energies approaching the Coulomb barriers are described. The modified transmission method, complemented with γ-ray detection in the 4π geometry and pulse-shape discrimination of particles by a semiconductor detector, is used.

A setup for identifying low-energy (1–10 MeV) ions with charges Z ≥ 1 by simultaneously measuring the energy losses and the time of flight is described. The setup is composed of a multiwire proportional chamber and a strip silicon detector, which are used to measure the ion energy, and two low-pressure avalanche wireless detectors for measuring the energy losses and the time of flight. Results obtained in measuring α particles from 226Ra source and p, Be, C, and O ions produced on the ITs-100 cyclotron at the Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions are presented.