One new coumaronochromone named 5,7,2′-trihydroxy-6-methoxycoumaronochromone (1), and six known compounds named benzyl-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), chikusetsusaponin V (3), crotonine (4), ayamenin A (5), achyranthoside A (6), 5-hydroxypyridine-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester (7), were obtained from Achyranthes bidentata. The antihyperuricemic acid activities of these isolated compounds (1–7) were assayed by an HK-2 cell model induced by adenosine combined with xanthine oxidase. The contents of uric acid produced by the HK-2 cell model were determined by HPLC analysis. As the results show, compound 3 was the most effective and was almost in line with the positive drug of febuxostat, whereas compounds 1, 4, 5, and 6 showed moderate antihyperuricemic acid activities at a concentration of 50.0 μM.

Lipids and phenolic compounds of seeds with an admixture of the leaf mass of Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pall, Fabaceae family, have been studied. It was found that the content of neutral lipids (NL) in seeds is 2.93%, polar lipids (PL) – 3.15%. triacylglycerides and free fatty acids (LC) dominate in NL, which are accompanied by hydrocarbons, carotenoids, esters of phytosterols with LC, triterpenols, phytosterols and modified chlorophylls. Phytosterols were the main component of unsaponifiable substances isolated from NL, and hydrocarbons, carotenoids, phytosterols, aliphatic alcohols and triterpenols were also found. Glycolipids (GL), consisting of esters of sterylglycosides, sterylglycosides, monohalactosyl- and digalactosyldiglycerides, predominate in PL. Phospholipids (FL) include phosphatidylethanolamines, phosphatidylcholines, and phosphatidylinosites. Twelve components were identified in the composition of fatty acids (LC) of NL, in GL and FL – 13 components with a significant predominance of saturated fatty acids (52.95–85.73%), mainly palmitic 16:0. A feature of fatty acids of NL is the high (16.67%) content of lauric 12:0 acid, which is also present in GL (3.87%), and in FL (1.62%). Three individual phenolic compounds were isolated from various fractions of the 75% alcohol extract of the aboveground part, which, based on the study of spectral data, were identified with p-hydroxybenzoic, p-hydroxycoric acids and androsin.

The prebiotic properties of the flavonoids and isoflavonoids orobol, formononetin, genistin, luteolin, and chrysoeriol isolated from Thermopsis alterniflora Regel et Schmalh. were studied in vivo on a model of experimental antibiotic-associated dysbiosis caused by gentamicin in mice. The flavone luteolin and isoflavone orobol, which significantly stimulated the growth and development of the main representatives of the intestinal microbiome, i.e., bifidobacteria and lactobacilli, and suppressed the phenomenon of dysbiosis, were found to have the most pronounced prebiotic effects. The experimental data were indicative of the potential of using flavonoids obtained from T. alterniflora, which provide a safe and favorable effect on the normal microbiome of the gastrointestinal tract and well-being of animals, as effective prebiotic agents.

Целью исследования являлось изучение терпеноидов и фенольных соединений надземных частей Pe^vskija angustifolia и Perovskia botschantzevii. Изучены составы эфирных масел вышеуказанных растений, определены их доминирующие компоненты. Надземные части изученных растений предложены в качестве богатого природного источника 1,8-цинеола. Из этанольного экстракта Pe^vskija angustifolia выделены и идентифицированы две фенолкарбоновые кислоты и восемь флавоноидов.

As a result of pharmacological studies, it was revealed that the sum of flavonoids from the aboveground part of the plant Scutellaria comosa (Lamiaceae family) has adaptogenic and antihypoxic effects. For the introduction into medical practice of a drug based on the sum of flavonoids, studies have been conducted on the standardization of raw materials – the aboveground part of the crested helmet. The analysis of plant raw materials by TLC and HPLC methods showed that the dominant flavonoid of the aboveground part of the crested skullcap is isoscutellarein 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside. A differential spectrophotometric technique has been developed for the quantitative determination of the sum of flavonoids of the aboveground part of the crested helmet in terms of isoscutellarein 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside. The optimal parameters for the extraction of vegetable raw materials are: extraction with 70% ethyl alcohol in a boiling water bath for 60 minutes in the ratio "raw material – extractant" – 1 : 100, the degree of grinding of raw materials – 2 mm. It was found that with the differential version of spectrophotometric analysis, the flavonoids – AlCl3 system reaches equilibrium after 40 minutes. The maximum of the differential absorption spectrum of the alcohol extraction of Scutellaria comosa is observed at 346 nm and can be used to analyze this group of compounds. The content of the sum of flavonoids in the aboveground part of the crested helmet varies from 9.72% to 10.27%. In order to establish the optimal harvesting time of plant raw materials, the content of the sum of flavonoids was determined by the vegetation periods of the plant in terms of isoscutellarein 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside and it was determined that the maximum accumulation of the sum of flavonoids is observed during the flowering period (10.13% of the weight of air-dry raw materials).

The chemical composition of polyphenolic compounds of cranberry fruits (Vaccinium oxycoccus L.), blueberries (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) and lingonberries (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.), growing in the Surgut region of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug – Ugra, was first studied. Fresh berries were extracted five times with an 80% aqueous-alcoholic mixture at room temperature. The obtained extracts were combined, filtered, and the solvent from the filtrate was distilled off under vacuum on a rotary evaporator. The composition of the obtained extracts by HPLC identified 15 glycosides of anthocyanidins, as well as 30 phenolic compounds related to hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids, flavonols, catechins and procyanidins. The phenolic compounds were identified in accordance with the retention times and absorption spectra of the corresponding analytical standards. The main phenolic compound of cranberry berry extract is chlorogenic acid. The increase in the polyphenol content in the series was established: cranberries–lingonberries– blueberries. Our data on the whole in terms of the content of polyphenols and antioxidant activity are comparable with the results of a study of cranberries and blueberries from the Alaska region, not significantly differing in the content of anthocyanins and individual flavones. Significant differences in phenolic components are revealed when comparing our data with data on cranberries and cranberries from the regions of northern and eastern Europe (Poland, Belarus, Norway). The quantitative differences found for individual polyphenols are likely to be related to geographic and local environmental conditions. The high content of polyphenols in the berries we studied suggests the possibility of using them as pharmaceutical raw materials.

The kinetics of salicin acid hydrolysis in aqueous solutions were studied. The salicin content in the reaction mixtures was determined by HPLC with UV detection. The salicin hydrolysis rate depended more on the solution acidity than on the temperature. The dependences of the salicin hydrolysis rate constant on temperature and solution acidity were established. Salicin was most reactive in aqueous solutions at 90°C and pH < 1.0. Salicin preparations could be stored for more than one year without noticeable decomposition at room temperature and pH > 2.0