In CT-RSA 2011, Maji et.al proposed an attribute-based signature (ABS) scheme, which is the most efficient ABS scheme that supports general predicates until now. They claimed that their ABS scheme is unforgeable under generic group model. Unfortunately, we found a forgery attack on this ABS scheme. In this paper, we firstly give a forgery example, then analyze the reason cause this attack and gives the conditions this attack worked. We found this attack is fatal to Maji et.al's ABS scheme.

Caspase-independent neuronal death has been shown to occur in neuroexcitotoxicity. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the gene encoding Bcl-2/E1B-19K-interacting protein 3 (BNIP3) mediates caspase-independent neuronal death in excitotoxicity. BNIP3 was not detectable in neurons under normal condition. BNIP3 expression was increased dramatically in neurons in both in vivo and in vitro models of excitotoxicity. Expression of full-length BNIP3 in primary hippocampal neurons induced atypical cell death that required protein synthesis but was largely independent of caspase activities. Inhibition of BNIP3 expression by RNA interference protected against glutamate-induced neuronal cell death. Thus, BNIP3 activation and expression appears to be both necessary and sufficient for neuronal apoptosis in excitotoxicity. These results suggest that BNIP3 may be a new target for neuronal rescue strategies.

In this paper, the global exponential stability of fuzzy logical bidirectional associative memory (BAM) neural networks with Markovian jumping parameters is investigated. The jumping parameters considered here are generated from a continuous-time discrete-state homogeneous Markov process and governed by a Markov process with discrete and finite-state space. The purpose of the problem addressed is to derive some new sufficient conditions to ensure the global exponential stability of the fuzzy logical BAM neural networks with Markovian jumping parameters. By employing a new Lyapunov-Krasovshkii functional, a linear matrix inequality (LMI) approach is developed to establish the desired sufficient conditions. Finally a numerical example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed results.

Protein degradation in bovine milk affects the quality of dairy products. Alpha 1-antitrypsin (AAT) can protect vulnerable elastic tissues from degradation by neutrophil elastase. The aim of this study was to assess the association of polymorphisms in bovine AAT gene with milk yield and milk composition in Chinese Holstein. Traits analyzed were fat percentage, protein percentage, 305-day milk yield and somatic cell score (SCS). Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), created restriction site-polymerase chain reaction (CRS-PCR) and allele specific-polymerase chain reaction (AS-PCR) methods were used to genotype five loci in coding regions of the sequence, including position 5504, 5609, 5624, 5747 and 8178 in Chinese Holstein. The five mutations were all silent mutation that caused no alteration in the amino acid sequence. In order to determine the relationship between the polymorphisms of the AAT gene and milk production traits and SCS, the General Linear Model (GLM) procedure from the Statistical Analysis Software was used. SNP5504 affected milk fat percentage, SNP8178 affected milk protein percentage and SNP5609 and SNP5624 affected 305-day milk yield. These results suggest that AAT is a candidate gene that influences milk production traits and it could be implemented in breeding programmes to improve the production performance of Chinese Holstein cattle. Keywords : Dairy cattle, α1-protease inhibitor, SNPs, milk traits, somatic cell score

【Objective】 The objective of this study was to study the nucleotide sequence of MC1R gene and predict its protein structure in dairy cattle,and investigate the molecular mechanism of red coat color formed.【Method】 The PCR-RFLP method was used to genotype the individuals.The bioinformatics and biotechnology software were used to predict the secondary structure.【Result】 The result showed that EE genotype was the dominant genotype in black and white herd while ee in red and white herd.Secondary structure change caused by deletion mutation resulted in an earlier terminating of the translation,which led the formation of red coat color.【Conclusion】 The allele E was mainly related with black coat color while e with red.

In this study,the polymorphisms of IGF2 gene were firstly detected by PCR-SSCP method and their association with growth traits was analyzed in Jiaxian Red cattle.Results showed that IGF2 gene demonstrated polymorphisms with three genotypes AA,AB and BB.The genotype frequencies were 0.235,0.480 and 0.285.Frequencies of alleles A and B were 0.474 and 0.526 respectively.The Ho,He and Ne of the locus were 0.501,0.499 and 1.996 respectively.The polymorphie locus of IGF2 gene was at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium(P0.05).The polymorphic locus was associated with the growth traits of Jiaxian cattle.There was significant effect of this polymorphism on body weight(P0.05)and heart girth(P0.01).The heart girth and body weight of the individuals with genotype AB were significantly higher than that with genotype AA and BB.This indicated that IGF2 gene as marker can be used to selec- tion of meat trait in Jiaxian Red cattle.

The nucleotide sequence of the melanocortin-1-receptor (MC1R) gene was studied with the help of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), in which the protein structure in Chinese Holstein was predicted, and the molecular mechanism of the red coat color was investigated. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was performed to genotype the individuals. The bioinformatics and biotechnology softwares were used to predict the secondary structure of MC1R. The results showed that the EE genotype was the dominant genotype in Chinese Holstein Black and White herd, whereas, it was ee in Chinese Holstein Red and White herd. The secondary structure of the mutational MC1R protein was changed and the deletion mutation caused an earlier termination in translation, which led to the formation of the red coat color. The allele E was mainly associated with the black coat color, whereas, e was associated with red.

In order to helping biological researchers to solve the problem hard to find,to learn and to in tool using completely,a new versatile web station,named biological study service platform(BSP),has been developed,which allows users to learn and use biological tools efficiently online.It mainly has three components,that is,software pool,software forum and web workstation.Software warehouse was designed to collect tools for users and also provide tool tryout;tool forum was designed for tool study and using experience intercourse and web workstation was founded for tool use and data manage.Also,it can be used as the teaching and learning platform for teachers and students in life science.It can be accessed from the follow linkage: 218.57.145.30:9999/biosp/.Besides,in order to assist researching work well,more new tools will be added,and more software will be developed continuously in this web station.

Insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) plays a key role in preadolescent growth, influencing fetal cell division and differentiation. It is assumed to be a candidate gene involved in growth and carcass traits.We investigated the polymorphism of exon 2 of IGF-II gene and its relationship with growth traits in 126 Nanyang cattle by PCR-RFLP with BsrI. Two alleles, C and T, and three genotypes, CC, CT and TT, were detected in Nanyang cattle. Significant associations were found between genotypes and body weights, body length and heart girth at 6, 12 and 24 months of age and with hip width at 12, 18 and 24 months of age. For all of these traits, individuals with the genotype TT had a significantly higher least squares mean (LSM) than that with the genotype CC. Genetic effect analysis also indicated that IGF-II gene exerts its biological function mainly through additive effects.

【Objective】The objective of this study was to study the nucleotide sequence of MC1R gene, predict its protein structure in Chinese Holstein, and investigate the molecular mechanism of red coat color. 【Method】The PCR-RFLP method was used to genotype the individuals. The bioinformatics and biotechnology software was used to predict the secondary structure of MC1R. 【Result】 The result showed that EE genotype was the dominant genotype in Chinese Holstein Black and White herd while ee in Chinese Holstein Red and White herd. Secondary structure was changed that the deletion mutation caused the earlier terminating of translation, which led the form of red coat color.【Conclusion】The allele E was mainly related to black coat color while e to red.

The associations between SNPs in intron 6 and intron 7 of the bovine diacylglycerolacyltransferase (DGAT2) gene and growth traits in purebred Nanyang cattle (n=131) were reported in this study. Alleles detected in intron 6 were allele A and B with frequencies of 0.875 and 0.125, respectively; alleles detected in intron 7 were allele N and M with frequencies of 0.968 and 0.032, respectively. The animals with genotype AA in intron 6 showed 3.8% increases in body height (P < 0.01), 3.9% increases in body weight (P < 0.05), 3.8% (P < 0.05), 3.6% (P < 0.05), 3.8% (P < 0.01) and 3.1%( P < 0.01) increase in body length at age six-month to two-year compared with genotype AB, respectively. They also showed 3.8 % (P < 0.05), 3.4 % ( P < 0.01), 3.7% (P < 0.01) and 4.3% (P < 0.01) increases in heart girth at age six-month to two-year respectively. Animals with the NM genotype show significantly higher average heart girth at age two years (P < 0.05), and Hucklebone width (P < 0.01) at age eighteen-month (P < 0.01) and two-year (P < 0.01) compared with animals with the genotype NN, respectively.

PCR-SSCP was used to analyze the polymorphism of leptin gene in 539 samples of six cattle breeds, namely Nanyang (NY), Qinchuan (QC), Jiaxianred (JXR), Xizhen (XZ), Luxi (LX), and Holstein cow (HOL) breeds. PCR products with a 330 bp were amplified and sequenced. The results showed that the frequencies of alleles A/B of NY, QC, JXR, XZ, LX, and HOL breeds were 0.558/0.442, 0.492/0.508, 0.571/0.429, 0.658/0.342, 0.591/0.409, and 0.615/0.385, respectively. The association of variations of leptin gene with growth traits in NY, QC, JXR breeds was analyzed. Some indexes of the individuals with genotype BB were higher than that with genotype AA and AB in NY breed, such as the indexes of body length, heart length, body weight, hucklebone width, body height, and average day gain. The height at hip cross of the individuals with genotype BB was higher than that of those with genotype AA and AB in QC breed (P < 0.05). So leptin gene may be one of the candidate genes for growth traits with height at hip cross, but not for body weight, heart length, and body length trait. However, the height at hip cross and hucklebone width of the individuals with genotype AB and BB were higher than that of those with genotype AA in JXR breed (P < 0.05), but the difference was not statistically significant in body weight and body sizes (body height, body length, and heart length). And the polymorphisms in leptin gene were caused by G --> T transversion at the 66th bp position, A --> C transversion at the 67th bp position and G --> T transversion at the 299th bp position. These results may be applied to marker-assisted selection of Chinese cattle breeds.

Insulin-like growth factor 2 has profound effects on the growth and differentiation of animal embryo.Some researches indicated that the normal level of IGF2 have positive correlation with the embryo to youth growth of many large size mammals.This study was designed to investigate the polymorphism of exon 2 of IGF2 gene and its relationship with growth and development in 126 Nanyang cattle by PCR-RFLPs with BsrⅠ.The results showed that the frequencies of alleles A and B were 0.686 5 and 0.313 5 respectively.The allele A was the dominant allele in Nanyang cattle.Individuals with homozygote of allele B had a significantly higher average body weight for born six months and twenty four months age,a most significantly higher average body length and heart girth for all experiment age,a significantly higher average hucklebone width for twelve months, eighteen months and two years age than that of allele A.They also had a significantly higher body length for six month age,heart girth for twelve month age,hucklebone width for eighteen and two year age than that of heterozygote.It was concluded that IGF2 gene is the major gene affecting the growth related traits of Nanyang cattle or it links with the major gene,and the mutation could be used as the molecular genetic marker to select the cattle for faster growth.

Improved DNA extract method and PCR-RFLP were used in this trial.The polymorphism of leptin exon 3 was analyzed in Nanyang cattle,Qinchuan cattle,Xizhen cattle,Luxi cattle(local yellow cattle breeds) and Holstein cow and 263 individuals were used in this trial.Fragment of 330 bp was amplified with the primer and products were digested with endonuclease HaeⅢ and ApaⅠ,and produced fragments of both were about 70 bp and 260 bp.The results showed that the leptin gene in yellow cattle and Holstein cow had no polymorphism in the two enzymatic digestion sites.

Take Chinese Simmental,Angus and Heiford as experiment materials,a pair of primers for the part of intron 5 and exon 6 of uncoupling protein 3 gene were designed.The polymorphisms were analyzed by PCR-SSCP and DNA sequencing.The results showed that allele B was the predominance allele in these three populations,genotype AA was the predominance genotype in Chinese Simmental and Angus and it was AB in Heiford.There was no significant difference (P0.05) in UCP3 locus of both Chinese Simmental and Heiford,while significant differences existed in Angus.Analysis of polymorphisms index showed the polymorphism of the locus was moderate in Chinese Simmental and Heiford and high in Angus.

以IGFBP3基因作为侯选基因,对秦川牛及其利秦杂种牛群体共计114头个体IGFBP3位点进行多样性分析.结果发现,秦川牛(Q)及其利秦牛(LQ)群体IGFBP3基因座的等位基因A/B频率分别为:0.6667/0.3333和0.6829/0.3171;从位点间杂合度(He)来看,LQ＞QQ;位点间有效等位基因数(Ne):QQ＞LQ;位点间Shannon信息熵(S):QQ＞LQ;位点间多态信息含量(PIC):QQ＞LQ.

Polymorphism of exon 2 of IGF-2 in Nanyang cattle was tested by PCR-RFLP with Bsr I in this study. The results showed that the digestion products produced two alleles a and B. Their frequencies were 0. 5471 and 0. 4529 respectively. Allele A showed two fragment with 185 bp and 32 bp, Allele B showed three fragment with 118 bp, 67 bp and 32 bp. The population of Nanyang cattle was at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium at IGF-2 locus.