Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is the third most frequent cause of death from cardiovascular diseases after myocardial infarction and stroke and the most preventable cause of mortality. VTE is common and potentially life-threatening in patients admitted to ICU, even in spite of preventive care.The purpose of the review is to justify the necessity of preventive care for venous thromboembolism in ICU patients.From over 300 initially selected sources of literature databases (Scopus, Web of science, RSCI, etc.), 99 sources were chosen including 69 that were published during the last five years (2015-2020). The exclusion criteria included data of low informative value or disproven data.The review discusses VTE relevance, risk factors for its development, selection and scope of preventive care depending on the risk of thrombosis and hemorrhage, patient management in different clinical settings (impaired renal function, thrombocytopenia, heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, liver dysfunction, indications for installation of vena cava filter).In the world literature, however, there is yet no consensus on the matter under discussion that would have been based on meta-analyses or large randomized studies. No agreement has been reached either in respect of use of mechanical and combined prophylaxis of venous thromboses/PATE, application of ultrasound to detect asymptomatic thromboses. There are no studies on efficacy and safety of pharmacological prophylaxis of VTE in patients with significant hepatic impairment.The review describes that all patients admitted in ICU feature a high risk of VTE development. The scope of preventive care depends not only on VTE risk but also on the risk of a hemorrhage. To prevent the latter, low-molecular weight heparins should be used. For most cases, the choice of heparine dose depends on renal function. When there is a high risk of hemorrhage, mechanical preventive aids are applied.

В настоящее время сформированы представления о важной роли тромбоцитов в процессах опухолевого роста и метастазирования. Установлено, что тромбоцитоз имеет положительную корреляцию с более низкой выживаемостью больных некоторыми видами рака, а тромбоциты играют важную роль в защите опухолевых клеток от апоптоза, поддержании целостности сосудистой сети опухоли и метастазировании. Результаты многочисленных доклинических исследований свидетельствуют о возможном применении различных групп антиагрегантных и антикоагулянтных средств для лекарственной профилактики некоторых форм рака. Однако профилактический эффект клинически доказан только для ацетилсалициловой кислоты при колоректальном и некоторых других формах рака. Несмотря на наличие данных об эффективности других антиагрегантных и антикоагулянтных средств в подавлении пролиферации и метастазирования опухолевых клеток на различных экспериментальных моделях, их клиническое применение ограничено серьезными побочными эффектами, необходимостью длительного парентерального введения, отсутствием или недостаточным объемом клинических исследований.

This review is devoted to updating the existing knowledge about pharmacology of the drugs from the group of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs). Special attention is paid to comparison of the anticoagulant properties of DOACs with traditional (indirect) anticoagulants at various dosage regimens and to study drug interactions of DOACs with drugs from different pharmacological groups. Widely analyzed the side effects associated with errors in the application of DOACs and provided recommendations for their correction, including the using of reversal agents therapy. Based on this, the presented article will be useful to clinicians to familiarize themselves with modern medical strategies based on the use of drugs from the DOACs group for the prevention and treatment of diseases associated with increased blood clotting ability and using of DOACs specific antagonists for treatment overdose of DOACs.