Winter wheat is the main food crop in the Steppe zone and the main agricultural crop in many countries of the world. The issues of intensifying grain production are inseparable from the production and use of new effective biological products for pre-sowing seed treatment, which positively affect the growth and development of winter wheat plants. The purpose of the study was to establish the effect of seed treatment before sowing with biological products on the productivity of winter wheat varieties. The study presents data on the results of an examination of 10 varieties of winter wheat for seed treatment with biological products in the conditions of the Educational and Scientific Practical Centre of the Mykolaiv National Agrarian University from 2020 to 2022. In the course of the study, generally accepted methods were used: system approach and system analysis, analysis and synthesis, field, and statistical. The influence of seed treatment with biological products and varietal characteristics of winter wheat on productivity was analysed. It was determined that the yield level depended and varied depending on the biological product used for pre-sowing seed treatment and the examined variety. Over the years of the study, biological products have affected the Winter wheat is the main food crop in the Steppe zone and the main agricultural crop in many countries of the world. The issues of intensifying grain production are inseparable from the production and use of new effective biological products for pre-sowing seed treatment, which positively affect the growth and development of winter wheat plants. The purpose of the study was to establish the effect of seed treatment before sowing with biological products on the productivity of winter wheat varieties. The study presents data on the results of an examination of 10 varieties of winter wheat for seed treatment with biological products in the conditions of the Educational and Scientific Practical Centre of the Mykolaiv National Agrarian University from 2020 to 2022. In the course of the study, generally accepted methods were used: system approach and system analysis, analysis and synthesis, field, and statistical. The influence of seed treatment with biological products and varietal characteristics of winter wheat on productivity was analysed. It was determined that the yield level depended and varied depending on the biological product used for pre-sowing seed treatment and the examined variety. Over the years of the study, biological products have affected the

Growing technologies and variety selection are crucial for increasing yields and improving the quality of winter wheat grain. The area under winter wheat is the largest in Ukraine, which is associated with the production of high-quality grain. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of weather conditions and variety characteristics on winter wheat plant height, internode length, lodging resistance, productivity factor and yield during the years under study. In the course of the study, the following generally accepted methods were used: systematic approach, system analysis approach, analytical synthesis approach, field approach and statistical approach. The article presents data on the results of research with 20 varieties of soft winter wheat in the conditions of the Training and Practical Centre of Mykolaiv National Agrarian University from 2017 to 2023. Agricultural technology for growing winter wheat varieties is widespread in the steppes of southern Ukraine. The influence of weather conditions and varietal characteristics on lodging resistance and productivity of winter wheat was investigated. The results showed that the optimum plant height of winter wheat varieties ranged from 82.1 to 84.5 cm, and the highest yield was 6.32 t/ha in Staleva and 6.68 t/ha in Duma Odeska. A significant effect of varietal traits on stem length, second and last internode, number of stems formed per 1 m2 , grain weight in the ear and lodging resistance of winter bread wheat was established. Plants of the tested winter soft wheat varieties Staleva, Dyvo, Katarina, Felix, Ozerna, PONTICUS, Faust, Glaucus have a very high (9.0 points) resistance to lodging regardless of the weather conditions of the year. Ukrainian varieties Duma Odeska (6.68 t/ha) and Staleva (6.32 t/ha) achieved higher productivity. The obtained scientific results of the research contribute to the widespread use of the studied winter wheat varieties of this reasonably climatic zone and contribute to further improvement of grain production

This article presents the results of studies of winter wheat species and varieties depending on the meteorological con - ditions of the research years. The purpose of the research is to determine the density of the productive stem, the mass of 1000 grains, the yield and quality of winter wheat grain, depending on the species and varietal composition. Meth - ods. Experimental studies were conducted during 2015/2016–2020/2021 yrs in the experimental field of Mykolaiv National Agrarian University (Ukraine). Agricultural techniques for growing winter wheat of various species were generally accepted for the southern steppe zone of Ukraine. Its predecessor was sown peas. Results. It was determined that a larger number of productive stems per unit area (467–853 pcs./m 2 ) formed plants of the studied varieties of soft winter wheat, while the smallest (443–694 pcs./ m 2 ) were plants of winter durum wheat varieties. The largest mass of grain from one ear (1.06–1.20 g) on average over the years of research was formed by plants of spelt wheat varieties, and the smallest was formed 0.96–1.01 g of soft wheat plants. It was found that a higher yield of soft winter wheat (6.03 t/ha) on average over the years of research was formed in the Vidrada variety, hard wheat (5.58 t/ha) was formed in the Bosphorus variety, spelt was formed 5.36 t/ha in the Europa variety. The highest grain yield (7.13 t/ha) among the species and varieties put for study was provided by the Vidrada variety ( T. aestivum ) in 2016 yr, which was 5.3% more than in the variety Shestopalivka ( T. aestivum ), 5.9% more than the Linkor variety (T. durum), by 7.0% than the Bosphorus variety ( T. durum ), by 12.5% than that of the Europa variety (T. spelta) and 43.5% more than the Zorya Ukrainy variety ( T. spelta ). It was determined that the largest mass fraction of protein in grain was provided by the spelt Zorya Ukrainy wheat variety as 19.2–25.6% depending on the year of research, while the smallest was provided as 11.0–14.2% by the Shestopalivka soft wheat variety. In the conditions of the Southern steppe of Ukraine, to ensure a high grain yield (5.24–6.03 t/ha) with a high protein content (14.1–15.1%), it was recommended to sow the variety of soft winter wheat Vidrada, hard winter wheat as Linkor and spelt as Europe.

Relevance. The effectiveness of fertilizers depends on the need of plants for nutrients and on the ability of the soil to meet this need. According to the Research Institute of Raw Materials of the Alcohol Industry, the responsiveness of chicory to individual substances changes dramatically during the growing season. In the first period of its development, chicory responds sharply positively only to phosphorus. In the future, the phosphorus efficiency remains stable for two months and by the end of the growing season, attenuation begins. The potash efficiency, on the contrary, is low in the first months, and by the end of the growing season, in contrast to the action of phosphorus, it gives a sharp rise. The efficiency of nitrogen during the growing season occupies an average position between the efficiency of phosphorus and potassium. Methodology. The aim of the research was to identify the most effective doses of macro- and microelements and methods of their application (basic and top dressing) to ensure maximum yields of root chicory root crops. The experiments were carried out in the Nonchernozem zone of the Russian Federation in the Rostov district of the Yaroslavl region on the experimental field of the Rostov experimental station for chicory¬ – a branch of the FSBSI FSVC. Results. As a result of the conducted studies, it was found that an increase in the dose of nitrogen nutrition against the background of phosphorus-potassium fertilizer increased the yield of root chicory root crops, fractional application of mineral fertilizers is more effective compared to the main application, the introduction of boron and cobalt increased the content of inulin and sugars in root crops. The inulin content increased as the dose of nitrogen fertilizers increased.

Цель работы – уточнение видового состава возбудителей корневых гнилей цикория, оценка их вредоносности и разработка мер защиты. Полевые исследования проводили на базе РОСЦ-филиала ФГБНУ ФНЦО (Ярославская обл., Ростовский район) лабораторные эксперименты – во ВНИИО-филиале ФГБНУ ФНЦО (Московская обл., Раменский район). Оценку распространенности корневых гнилей цикория проводили с использованием стандартных методов фитопатологических исследований. Анализ пораженных корнеплодов показали, что основными возбудителями корневых гнилей цикория были Rhizoctonia solani, виды р. Fusarium, Pectobacterium carotovorum. Корневые гнили были распространены на опытном поле неравномерно, на отдельных участках встречались единичные пораженные растения, в небольших очагах пораженность корнеплодов достигала 100%. За последние годы все большее внимание исследователей привлекают новые виды растворимых удобрений с микроэлементами в хелатной форме. К таким удобрениям относятся Акварин, Растворин, Аквамикс. Отмечено, что корневые подкормки оказали положительное влияние на процессы роста и развития цикория, повышали устойчивость к корневым гнилям. В условиях 2020–2022 года два варианта опыта с применением Растворина и Аквамикса вовсе не имели загнивших корнеплодов, тогда как на всем опытном поле наблюдался высокий процент поражения корневыми гнилями (на некоторых делянках 100%). В результате наблюдений установлено, что обработка Растворином и Аквамиксом повышает устойчивость растений и препятствует развитию грибных заболеваний. Во всех вариантах опыта наблюдалась высокая товарность корнеплодов. Самым лучшим был вариант с применением Акварина в концентрации 0,6%, товарность которого составила 97,5%. Урожайность корнеплодов в 2022 году на всех вариантах превышала контрольные показатели: с применением Акварина на 10,5%, на варианте с обработкой Аквамиксом 14,7%, Растворином – на 44,7%. The purpose of the work is to clarify the species composition of the pathogens of chicory root rot, assess their harmfulness and develop protective measures. Field research was carried out on the basis of the ROSC-branch of the FSBSI FSVC (Yaroslavl region, Rostov district) laboratory experiments – in the ARRIVG-branch of the FSBSI FSVC (Moscow region, Ramensky district). The prevalence of chicory root rot was assessed using standard methods of phytopathological studies. Analysis of the affected root crops showed that the main causative agents of chicory root rot were Rhizoctonia solani,species of Fusarium, Pectobacterium carotovorum. Root rot was spread unevenly in the experimental field, single affected plants were found in some areas, in small foci the infestation of root crops reached 100%. In recent years, new types of soluble fertilizers with trace elements in chelated form have attracted increasing attention of researchers. Such fertilizers include Aquarin, Rastvorin, Aquamix. It was noted that root fertilizing had a positive effect on the growth and development of chicory, increased resistance to root rot. In the conditions of 2020–2022, two variants of the experiment with the use of Rastvorin and Aquamix did not have rotten root crops at all, whereas a high percentage of root rot damage was observed in the entire experimental field (100% in some plots). As a result of observations, it was found that treatment with Rastvorin and Aquamix increases the resistance of plants and prevents the development of fungal diseases. In all variants of the experiment, high marketability of root crops was observed. The best option was using Aquarin at a concentration of 0.6%, the marketability of which was 97.5%. In 2022, the yield of root crops in all variants exceeded the control indicators: with the use of Aquarin by 10.5%, on the variant with Aquamix treatment by 14.7%, with Rastvorin – by 44.7%.

The autumn growth and development of plants depend on a complex of external factors: the average daily air temperature, the amount of precipitation, the humidity of the seed layer of the soil, nutrients, light, etc. If winter wheat is sown at a later date, there are risks that the plants will enter the winter not well developed. It is possible to accelerate the passage of interphase periods with the help of irrigation, which is a necessary agrotechnical measure in the Southern Steppe of Ukraine. The purpose of the research is to establish the influence of varietal characteristics, irrigation and weather conditions on the duration of interphase periods of winter wheat in the autumn period on an international scale. Experimental research was carried out during 2020-2021 on southern chernozem, on the basis of the Educational Scientific and Practical Center of the Mykolaiv NAU with two varieties of winter wheat. Field, laboratory and comparative calculation methods were used during the research. The establishment and conduct of experiments were carried out according to the methodology of the research case. Soil moisture was determined by the thermogravimetric method, and phenophases were determined simultaneously throughout the experiment. It was determined that irrigation for 1-2 days reduces the duration of the interphase period of BBCH 00-09; for 3 days – BBCH 10-12; for 11 days – BBCH 13-19; for 5-7 days – BBCH 20-22. In natural conditions (without irrigation), the duration of the interphase periods (from BBCH 00-09 to 20-22) of the growth and development of plants of the studied varieties of winter wheat in 2020 was 93-96 days, which is 23-25 days more than in 2021. In plants of the Ovid variety under conditions of natural moisture (without irrigation), the interphase periods came 1-3 days later than in the Duma Odeska variety, while under irrigation conditions there was no significant difference. The obtained scientific results of the research will contribute to the wider implementation of irrigation, which will ensure the rapid and full growth and development of winter wheat plants in the autumn period, which will further contribute to increasing the yield and gross harvest of grain

Winter wheat is one of the main food crops that ensures the national food security of Ukraine with general production and high-quality grain. The area of winter wheat sowing ranks first in Ukraine, and the production of high-quality grain is of particular relevance. In the technology of its cultivation, the selection of varieties is a decisive factor in increasing yield and improving the quality of grain. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of weather conditions and variety characteristics during the year on plant height, lodging resistance, and yield of winter wheat. This paper presents data on the results of the research of 20 varieties of soft winter wheat in the conditions of the Research-to-Practice Centre of the Mykolaiv National Agrarian University from 2017 to 2022. During the study, generally accepted methods were used: system approach, system analysis, analysis and synthesis, field and statistical method. The study also analysed the influence of variety characteristics and weather conditions in the years under study on the yield of soft winter wheat. It was established that the optimal plant height of winter wheat varieties ranged within 94.9-100.7 cm, at which the highest grain yield is formed, from 7.09 t/ha in the Staleva variety to 7.73 t/ha in the Duma Odeska variety. An increase in the height of the winter wheat varieties under study by 4.0-6.4% led to a decrease in yield from 4.5 to 20.9%. It was established that the awned varieties of soft winter wheat formed a higher grain yield, compared to the thornless forms, which had a higher plant height and less lodging resistance. The conducted studies confirmed that, on average, the resistance to lodging was higher in the thornless forms of winter wheat plants, which is 0.4 points higher than in the awned ones. The higher average grain yield of soft winter wheat was formed by varieties of spiny forms, which is 5.8% more than that of awned varieties. The obtained results will contribute to the wide application of the varieties of soft winter wheat under study for this soil and climate zone, which will further contribute to the increase in yield and gross grain harvests.

Wheat is the main agricultural crop in many countries of the world, as well as the main food in the steppe zone, so the system of agrotechnical measures should be aimed at creating favourable conditions for obtaining a high yield. The issue of intensification of grain production is inseparable from the production and use of new biogenic effective drugs that have a positive effect on the growth and development of cultivated plants. The purpose of this study was to establish the effect of foliar fertilisation with bacterial preparations, precursors, and doses of mineral fertilisers on grain yield and productivity elements of winter wheat. The paper provides data on the results of the research of winter wheat of the Duma Odeska variety in the conditions of the Educational and Practical Centre of the Mykolaiv NAU in 2019–2021. During the study, generally accepted methods were used: monographic, systematic approach and systematic analysis, analysis and synthesis, field and statistical. The influence of the precursor, foliar feeding with modern bacterial biopreparations and the use of different doses of mineral fertilisers on the elements of the crop structure and grain yield of winter wheat was analysed. It was established that the yield level depended and changed on the precursor taken for foliar feeding of the bacterial preparation, the level of mineral nutrition and to a large extent on the influence of the weather conditions of the growing year. Over the years of research, precursors, mineral fertilisers, and treatment of plant sowing with biological preparations affected the number of productive stems, the number of grains from an ear, the mass of grain from one ear and the mass of 1,000 grains of winter wheat. The conducted studies confirmed the expediency of foliar fertilising in the main periods of vegetation with biological preparations to optimise the nutrition of winter wheat plants with the aim of forming a stable grain yield. The obtained scientific results of the research will contribute to the wide application of biological preparations, which will ensure the rapid and full growth and development of winter wheat plants, which will further contribute to increasing the yield and gross harvest of grain.

An important direction in the greening of tillage is to preserve and improve the physical properties of soils in the optimal range of values, which is a necessary condition for the effective use of other agronomic measures that affect the formation of crop yields. With the advent of new, modern energy-efficient tillage tools, there is a need to conduct research on their effectiveness on the first stubble cultivation on the southern chernozem. The purpose of the research was to establish the influence of surface (stubble) cultivation with tillage tools of the “Lozovsky mashiny” brand after harvesting winter barley on the agrophysical properties of Southern heavy loamy low-humus chernozem in the conditions of the Southern steppe of Ukraine. In the research process, methods were used: field, laboratory, comparative-calculation, statistical. It was found that DUCAT-2,5 (short Harrow-Husker) best structured the soil among the studied aggregates. The lowest soil hardness values (0.48-1.33 MPA) and the tendency to form a plow sole were obtained in the version with vertical processing – Verti-till (turbo disk). The obtained scientific results of the research will contribute to the wider introduction into the production of new units of the “Lozivski mashini” brand for surface soil cultivation, which will contribute to the reduction of mechanical stress and the preservation of moisture in the soil

Relevance. For the cultivation of environmentally friendly products, the preservation of soil fertility and environmental protection, the question of the prospects for longterm use of various fertilizer systems is very important. With an acute shortage of manure, a mineral-biological fertilizer system is promising, when an estimated dose of mineral fertilizers is applied against the background of annually sown siderates. Such a system of fertilizer application makes it possible to increase yields, product quality, significantly reduce the shortage of organic matter in the soil, improve its structure and biological activity. The inclusion of the employed steam with the most effective precursors, doses of mineral macro and micro fertilizers and humic acids in the rowed link of crop rotation can reduce the contamination of crops and significantly increase the yield of root chicory root crops.Materials and methods. The research was carried out in 2017-2021 located in the Rostov district of the Yaroslavl region.Results. As a result of the conducted research, it was found that on turf-podzolic medium-loamy soils of the Non-Chernozem zone of the Russian Federation, it is economically feasible to use technology for the cultivation of root chicory using an oatpea mixture as a precursor in combination with the introduction of mineral fertilizers into the soil at a dose of N60P60K120 and the treatment of vegetative plants with boron and humate. When using this technology, the contamination of crops decreases, their photosynthetic potential and the yield of root crops increases, the cost of production decreases, and the profitability exceeds 104%.

Relevance. Evaluation of nutritional value of seeds of agricultural crops is considered to be highly significant for revealing new sources of antioxidants for humans.Material. The aim of the present investigation was antioxidant status and selenium accumulation levels by chicory seeds (13 cultivars) and comparison of the results with antioxidants status of seeds of other root vegetables: celery (5 cultivars), parsley (2 cultivars), parsnip (3 cultivars) and carrot (7 cultivars).Results. Among agricultural crops studied chicory was characterized by 3-4 higher levels of selenium accumulation by seeds and relatively low total antioxidant activity and polyphenol content. Anomalously high protein content in chicory seeds may explain the efficiency of selenium accumulation while relatively low antioxidant activity may be connected with lower levels of essential oil. Direct correlations between polyphenol content and total antioxidant activity were demonstrated for carrot (r=+0.924; P<0.01) and chicory (r= 0.803; P<0.01) seeds.

Relevance. One of the significant problems in the technology of obtaining root chicory is the protection of root vegetables from the defeat of root rots. The most common lesions of root vegetables chicory various pathogenic species of fungi causing phomosis (Phoma rostrupii Sacc.), gray rot (Botrytis cinerea (R.) Fr.J), wet bacterial rot (Erwinia carotovora (Jones) Holt.). An important place in solving this problem is the breeding of new varieties that are resistant to major diseases and adapted to the conditions of cultivation in the soil-climatic conditions of the chicory-seeding zone. This requires, first of all, to determine the range of donor varieties of the sign of resistance to root rots, both during the growing of culture, and during long-term storage.Material and methods. In 2018-2020, studies were carried out to assess gene sources of different ecological and geographical origin (including against a provocative background) in the Non-Black Earth Zone of the Russian Federation and to isolate donors of resistance to root rot from them. Research on the Rostov Vegetable experimental station on chicory.Results. Studies have shown that the defeat of root vegetables chicory root rots genetic sources were very different from each other, so Harpachi, Luxor did not affect the. root rots neither on the usual nor on provocative backgrounds.

Relevance. Modern agricultural production requires the creation of varieties that combine high productivity, quality, and adaptability. Taking into account the development trends of modern agriculture towards multiplicity, it is necessary to improve and expand the assortment, helping to meet the needs of both large and small producers of agricultural products. Due to the lack of material and human resources in the agricultural sector, there is a clear need for varieties and hybrids adapted to industrial cultivation and storage technologies. Existing zoned varieties of root chicory have a root crop length of 40 cm or more, and the soils of the area of cycoroseeding are mainly heavy in mechanical composition, where the use of digging devices to such a depth is impossible. Production requires varieties with a short root crop, which has the main mass concentrated in the upper part.Methods. The purpose of this work is to identify valuable genotypes in the soil and climate conditions of the non-Chernozem zone of the Russian Federation among the variety of varieties of chicory root of different ecological and geographical origin for use in the creation of the source material of selection by inter-port crosses.Results. When creating the source material for the selection of root chicory by the method of intervarietal crosses, one of the parents should choose local intrazonal varieties adapted to the soil and climatic conditions of the zone (Yaroslavsky, Gavrilov-Yamsky), and the second – off-zonal varieties with economically valuable qualities (short root crop, high yields and chemical-technological indicators, resistance to root rot) and donors of these traits (Kharpachi, Sleszka, BilogorkaOS-2, BilogorkaOS-3, Rexor, Wixor, Luxor).

Saabunud / Received 13.09.2020 ; Aktsepteeritud / Accepted 22.12.2020 ; Avaldatud veebis / Published online 31.12.2020 ; Vastutav autor / Corresponding author: Antonina Panfilova panfilovaantonina@ukr.net

Relevance. Root chicory is a valuable economic crop. However, its attractiveness for the producer is reduced due to the high labor intensity of cultivation and a high proportion of manual labor, primarily when harvesting root crops. Modern agricultural production is in urgent need of new varieties of root chicory that combine high yields and the necessary chemical and technological qualities, having the form of a root crop suitable for mechanized harvesting and adapted to cultivation in the soil and climatic conditions of the non-Chernozem zone of Russia. The purpose of this work is to test varieties of root chicory in a collection nursery in the Yaroslavl region.Material and methods. The research was conducted at the the Yaroslavl region. The material for research was three varieties of Dutch selection Wixor RS, Rexor RS, Luxor. The experience is based on the "Guidelines for the study and maintenance of the world's collection of root crops", recommended by VIR. Vavilov.Results. Investigated varieties in the soil and climatic conditions of the non-black earth zone of Russia were distinguished by a short root crop (up to 25 cm long) with a large diameter (up to 9 cm). We recommend them as donors in the selection of root chicory for suitability for mechanized harvesting. From long-term observations, it follows that the varieties Wixor RS, Rexor RS and Luxor are early-maturing. The length of their vegetative period does not exceed 125 days. This group of varieties is the most valuable when breeding for early maturity. Based on the analysis of the results of economic-biological and environmental studies of Dutch varieties of root chicory, it was found that they have high average values of certain economic-valuable characteristics and stability of their manifestation over the years.

Relevance and methods. For the production of chicory seeds, care must be taken not only to obtain a high-grade source material, i.e. varietal seeds and masterbatch root crops, but also to store the resulting root crops in winter with minimal losses. The main requirement for growing mother chicory root crops is the placement of crops on fertile soils that are clean of weeds. Installed. That on podzolized loams the best dose of mineral fertilizers for this crop is N45P120K60, where an increased dose of superphosphate increases the yield and rootability of Queen cells, increases seed productivity for the second year. Materials and methods. The purpose of this work is to analyze the safety of root crops of chicory root and the degree of their damage by root rot during winter storage in plastic bags in burts. The purpose of the study is to identify the best way to store the mother chicory root crops and the effect of reproduction on the rootability of root crops in winter. Questions of storage of the mother material of root chicory were studied in the laboratory of selection and seed production on the example of the Petrovsky variety in 2017-2019. The material for research was the families of chicory of the Petrovsky variety in the control and elite nursery. Results. The obtained data show that when evaluating and selecting families for the purpose of obtaining highly productive seed material, the safety of root crops in long-term winter storage should be taken into account. If its values are low, the entire family should be completely excluded from the process of primary seed production. In selection and seed-growing work, a mandatory component of the assessment should be the safety of root crops during long-term winter storage.