Колорадский жук (Leptinotarsa decemlineataSay) – опасный вредитель картофеля. Ежегодно он наносит серьезный ущерб картофелеводству в России и за рубежом. Химические средства защиты против этого вредителя имеют известные недостатки, поэтому в экологизированных технологиях выращивания картофеля и при производстве органической продукции все более востребованными становятся нехимические методы его контроля, в том числе применение биоинсектицидов на основе энтомопатогенных микроорганизмов. В статье приведены результаты изучения особенностей действия новых биоинсектицидов и их биологической эффективности против колорадского жука на картофеле в условиях Московской области. Установлено, что препараты Инсетим Плюс, Ж в норме расхода 4 л/га и Драйвер, СП в норме расхода 0,2 кг /га вызывают постепенное снижение численности вредителя, и при их регулярном внесении в уже инфицированную популяцию фитофага, его численность снижается до экономически незначимой. Препарат Инсетим Плюс, Ж (титр, не менее: Bacillus thuringiensis subsp thuringiensisИПМ-1140 2,0×108 КОЕ/см3, Streptomyces avermitilisATCC 31267 4,0×105 КОЕ/см3, Metarhizium anisopliaevar anisopliae 4,0×106 КОЕ/см3, Beauveria bassiana 4,0×106 КОЕ/см3, Arthrobotrys oligospora 168 4,0×105КОЕ/см3) при норме расхода 4 л/га и расходом рабочей жидкости 200 л/га эффективен против колорадского жука и снижает численность вредителя на четырнадцатые сутки после второй и третьей обработки на 98,0–98,7%, 97,9%. Препарат Драйвер, СП (титр не менее 1011 КОЕ/г Bacillus thuringiensis var. thuringiensis В 1127 + не менее 109КОЕ/г Beauveria bassiana F 2010 + не менее 109 КОЕ/г Metarhizium anisopliae F 2006) при норме расхода 0,2 кг/га и расходом рабочей жидкости 200 л/га эффективен против колорадского жука и снижает численность вредителя на четырнадцатые сутки после второй и третьей обработки на 88,1–95,6,7% к контролю. После включения в Список разрешенных пестицидов и агрохимикатов изученные биоинсектициды могут быть рекомендованы для защиты картофеля от колорадского жука. The Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say) is a dangerous insect pest of potatoes. Every year it causes serious losses of potato production in Russia and abroad. Use of chemicals against this insect pest has well known disadvantages, therefore, non-chemical methods of its control, including the use of bioinsecticides based on entomopathogenic microorganisms, are becoming increasingly in demand in ecologized and organic potato growing technologies. The article presents the results of studying the characteristics of the action of new bioinsecticides and their biological effectiveness against the Colorado potato beetle in the Moscow region. It has been ascertained that preparations Insetim Plus at a rate 4 l/ha and Driver, at a rate 0.2 kg/ha cause a gradual decrease of the insect pest population, and as result of their regular introduction into an already infected beetles population, its number decreases to economically insignificant. The preparation Insetim Plus (titer not less than: Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. thuringiensis IPM-1140 2.0×108CFU/cm3, Streptomyces avermitilis ATCC 31267 4.0x105CFU/cm3, Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae4.0×106 CFU/cm3, Beauveria bassiana 4.0×106CFU/cm3, Arthrobotrys oligospora 168 4.0105 CFU / cm3) with a flow rate 4 l/ha and a solution flow rate of 200 l/ha is effective against the Colorado potato beetle and reduces its population by the fourteenth day after the second and third treatment by 98.0–98.7%, 97.9%. The preparation Driver (titer at least 1011 CFU / g Bacillus thuringiensis var. thuringiensis In 1127 + at least 109CFU/g Beauveria bassiana F 2010 + at least 109 CFU/g Metarhizium anisopliae F 2006) with a flow rate of 0.2 kg/ha and a solution flow rate of 200 l/ha is effective against the Colorado potato beetle and reduces its population by the fourteenth day after the second and third treatment by 88.1–95.6.7% of the control. After being included in the List of Permitted Pesticides and Agrochemicals, the studied bioinsecticides can be recommended for Colorado potato beetle control on potato.

Гиббереллиновая кислота представляет собой тип растительного гормона, имеющего большое экономическое и промышленное значение. Внекорневое применение кислоты изменяет физиологические процессы и процессы развития, включая вегетативный рост растений, выражение пола, урожайность и компоненты урожайности различных овощных культур. В 2022 – 2023 гг. в условиях Московской области на культуре среднеспелого сорта перца сладкого Сатурн (117 – 122 сут. от всходов до плодоношения) защищенного грунта проводили сравнительную оценку эффективности гиббереллиновых регуляторов роста, отличающихся по составу действующего вещества: Плодостим, КРП (5,5 г/кг гиббереллиновых кислот натриевые соли) и Плодостим Супер, КРП (5,5 г/кг гиббереллиновой кислоты А3). Опрыскивание растений перца сладкого однократно через 10 дней после высадки рассады агрохимикатом Плодостим Супер, КРП нормой 10 г/5 л воды способствовало повышению урожайности на 29,4 % по сравнению с контролем и на 10,1 % по сравнению с эталоном Плодостим, КРП. Под действием Плодостим Супер, КРП отмечено увеличение сухого вещества в плодах на 0,5 %, суммы сахаров — на 0,2 %, витамина C — на 14,1 мг%, каротина — на 1,5 мг% по сравнению с контролем; по сравнению с эталоном Плодостим, КРП — на 0,4 % сухого вещества, на 0,1 % суммы сахаров, на 4,6 мг% витамина C и на 1,1 мг% каротина.

Relevance. Cercospora leaf spot (Сercospora beticola) is a widespread disease of table beet that reduces the yield of root crops in many beet-growing regions. Annual losses from cercosporosis amount to 30-40%, and in the years of epiphytotic diseases – 50% or more. The fungus has a complex intraspecific structure, includes many pathotypes and races, which should be taken into account when breeding for resistance. The main method of creating resistant forms of table beet to C. beticola is the selection of cercospore-resistant lines in the natural manifestation of the disease and on artificial backgrounds. In open ground conditions, it is not always possible to assess the resistance of table beet to cercosporosis, since cercosporosis is weak in some hot and dry years. Therefore, laboratory assessment methods are important to accelerate the breeding process. The purpose of the research is to carry out an immunological analysis of beet lines in the field and laboratory conditions for the selection of sustainable material.Materials and methods. The assessment of beet variety samples for resistance to cercospora blight was carried out in open ground conditions on the basis of the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Vegetable Growing – branch of the FSBSI Federal Scientific Vegetable Center (Moscow region). In laboratory conditions, artificial infection of separated red beet leaves was carried out. The objects of the study were inbred lines of red beets of the 1st-6th generation.Results and discussion. As a result of evaluation and selection, red beet lines No. 713 and 790 with increased resistance to cercospora blight were identified. It has been established that for practical breeding it is necessary to constantly and strictly select for resistance to cercospora blight. In laboratory conditions, a method of artificial infection of separated leaves has been developed, which allows for a short period of time to carry out a preliminary assessment of a large number of beetroot samples for resistance to cercospora blight.

В условиях Московской области на аллювиальной луговой среднесуглинистой почве с содержанием гумуса 2,9-3,1%, гидролизуемого азота 10-12 мг/100 г, подвижного фосфора 23-27 мг, подвижного калия 8-11 мг/100 г изучено применение органической добавки на основе торфа ГумиМикс (разработчик ООО «Судиславль-Торф») совместно с минеральными удобрениями на урожайность и качество корнеплодов редиса сорта Вера МС осеннего срока посева. Опыт закладывали по следующей схеме: контроль (N120P80K180) и вариант опыта (N60P40K90+ добавка ГумиМикс 190 кг/га). Площадь опытных делянок – 20 м2, площадь учетных делянок – 10 м2. Повторность – четырехкратная. Получена урожайность корнеплодов от основного внесения N120P80K1803,13 кг/м2, а при использовании половины дозы N60P40K90совместно со 190 кг/га ГумиМикс – 5,58 кг/м2. Превышение урожайности на 44 сутки от всходов составило 2,45 кг/м2 вследствие увеличения среднего размера корнеплода на 19,5 г. Выявлено положительное действие ГумиМикс на рост растений редиса – увеличение высоты и массы розетки листьев, увеличение диаметра (на 0,7 см) и массы (на 19,5 г) корнеплода. Установлено повышение товарности корнеплодов, выращенных с применением ГумиМикс до 95,7%. Биохимические показатели качества корнеплодов редиса с применением N60P40K90совместно с ГумиМикс были на уровне контрольного варианта N120P80K180– содержание сухого вещества 5,9%, сахаров – 2,96%, аскорбиновой кислоты 22,0 мг%, нитратов 975 мг/кг. Превышения ПДК нитратов не выявлено. При возделывании редиса с использованием ГумиМикс установлено повышение содержания золы в корнеплодах (на 0,7%) а также содержания магния (0,36%), калия (1,17%) и натрия (0,39%). In the conditions of the Moscow region on alluvial meadow medium loamy soil with a humus content of 2.9-3.1%, hydrolysable nitrogen 10-12 mg/100 g, mobile phosphorus 23-27 mg, mobile potassium 8-11 mg/100 g, the use of organic additive based on peat GumiMix (developed by Sudislavl-Torf LLC) together with mineral fertilizers on the yield and quality of root crops of Vera MS radish varieties during the autumn sowing period. The experiment was conducted according to the following scheme: a control variant (N120P80K180) and an experimental variant (N60P40K90 + GumiMix 190 kg/ha additive). The area of the experimental plots is 20 m2, the area of the accounting plots is 10 m2. The repetition is fourfold. The yield of root crops from the main application of N120P80K180was 3.13 kg/m2, and when using half the dose of N60P40K90together with 190 kg/ha of GumiMix - 5.58 kg/m2. The excess yield on the 44th day from seedlings was 2.45 kg/m2 due to an increase in the average root size by 19.5 g. A positive effect of GumiMix on the growth of radish plants was revealed - an increase in the height and weight of the rosette of leaves, an increase in diameter (by 0.7 cm) and mass (per 19.5 g) of the root crop. An increase in the marketability of root crops grown with the use of GumiMix up to 95.7% was established. The qualitative biochemical parameters of radish roots using N60P40K90 together with GumiMix were at the level of the control variant N120P80K180- dry matter content 5.9%, sugars - 2.96%, ascorbic acid 22.0 mg%, nitrates 975 mg/kg. No excess of MPC for nitrates was found. When growing radishes using GumiMix, an increase in the ash content in root crops (by 0.7%), as well as the content of magnesium (0.36%), potassium (1.17%) and sodium (0.39%) was found.

В условиях Московской области оценена эффективность против вредителей овощных культур и картофеля новых инсектоакарицидов из группы авермектинов: препаратов Триумфатор (50 г/л эмамектин бензоата) и Фитомектин (70 г/л абамектина). Действие препаратов изучали на огурце и томате в защищенном грунте против обыкновенного паутинного клеща (Tetranychus urticae), табачного трипса (Thrips tabaci) тлей (Aphididae), белокрылки тепличной (Trialeurodes vaporariorumWstw.). Действие препарата Триумфатор оценивали также против чешуекрылых вредителей капусты, препарата Фитомектин – против колорадского жука на картофеле. Установлены оптимальные нормы расхода новых инсектоакарицидов, при которых биологическая эффективность против широкого круга вредителей на четырнадцатые сутки после обработки составляет 96–100%, а период защитного действия – не менее двух недель. На растениях огурца, обработанных препаратами Фитомектин (0,6 л/га) и Триумфатор (0,2 л/га), на третьи и седьмые сутки паутинный клещ был полностью подавлен. Через 14 суток после обработки биологическая эффективность составила 97,7–98,8%, что соответствовало эталонному показателю 96,5%. Против табачного трипса на томате защищенного грунта инсектицид Триумфатор показал 100%-ную биологическую эффективность и не уступает по этому показателю эталонному препарату Проклэйм. Против тли на томате и огурце защищенного грунта на третьи, седьмые и четырнадцатые сутки после обработки биологическая эффективность препарата Фитомектин (0,3 л/га) составила 100%. Против тепличной белокрылки на третий и седьмой день после обработки биологическая эффективность препарата Триумфатор составила 100%, через две недели после обработки – 98,3%, не уступая по этому показателю эталонному препарату Проклэйм (0,4 л/га). Против капустной моли (Plutella xylostella L.) биологическая эффективность препарата Триумфатор (0,03 л/га) составила 100%. Против колорадского жука биологическая эффективность препарата Фитомектин на третьи и седьмые сутки после первой обработки составила 100%, на четырнадцатые – 97,5%. По итогам трехлетних исследований сделан вывод о высокой эффективности новых препаратов Триумфатор и Фитомектин на основе авермектинов в регуляции численности указанных вредителей овощных культур и картофеля. После включения в Список разрешенных пестицидов они могут быть рекомендованы для применения в овощеводстве и картофелеводстве. In the conditions of the Moscow region, the effectiveness of new insectoacaricides from the avermectins group to control insect pests and mites of vegetable crops and potatoes was evaluated: the Triumfator (50 g/l emamectin benzoate) and Phytomectin (70 g/l abamectin) preparations. The effect of the preparations was studied on cucumbers and tomatoes in greenhouses to control common spider mite (Tetranychus urticae), tobacco thrips (Thrips tabaci) aphids (Aphididae), greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorumWstw.). The effect of the Triumphator preparation was also evaluated against Lepidoptera pests of cabbage, the Phytomectin preparation – against the Colorado potato beetle. Optimal application rates of new insecticides have been established, in which the biological effectiveness against a wide range of pests on the fourteenth day after treatment is 96–100%, and the period of protective action is at least two weeks. On cucumber plants treated with Phytomectin (0.6 l/ha) and Triumphator (0.2 l/ha), the spider mite was completely suppressed on the third and seventh days. After 14 days after treatment, the biological efficacy was 97.7–98.8%, which corresponded to the reference indicator of 96.5%. Against tobacco thrips on greenhouse tomatoes, the Triumphator insecticide showed 100% biological efficacy and is not inferior in this indicator to the reference Proclaim preparation. Against aphids on tomatoes and cucumbers in greenhouse on the third, seventh and fourteenth days after treatment, the biological efficacy of Phytomectin (0.3 l/ha) was 100%. Against greenhouse whitefly on the third and seventh days after treatment, the biological efficacy of the Triumfator was 100%, two weeks after treatment – 98.3%, not inferior in this indicator to the reference Proclaim (0.4 l / ha). Against cabbage moth, the biological efficacy of the Triumfator (0.03 l / ha) was 100%. Against the Colorado potato beetle, the biological efficacy of the Phytomectin on the third and seventh days after the first treatment was 100%, on the fourteenth – 97.5%. Based on the results of three years of research, it was concluded that the new Triumfator and Phytomectin preparations based on avermectins are highly effective to control these pests of vegetable crops and potatoes. After being included in the Pesticides Register, they can be recommended for use in vegetable and potato growing.

В работе отражены результаты исследований по хранению перца сладкого отечественного гибрида F1 Натали в условиях модифицированной газовой среды (МГС), которую проводили с использованием различных видов полимерной упаковки в холодильной камере (в том числе пакетов Xtend израильской компании StePac, создающих модифицированную атмосферу и влажность), применяемых в комплексе с абсорбером этилена (саше) на основе перманганата калия Save Fresh. Исследование проводили в 2021–2022 годах во ВНИИО – филиале ФГБНУ ФНЦО в рамках соглашения о научно-техническом сотрудничестве с ООО «Артерия Интер Фреш». После 35 суток хранения (t= 6–9 °C, ОВВ – 80–90%) плодов перца сладкого F1 Натали в открытом ящике (обычная атмосфера) лучшей сохраняемостью характеризовались плоды, заложенные на хранение бурыми (выход товарной продукции – 75,75%). Плоды, заложенные на хранение в открытый ящик красными, больше всего поражались болезнями (24,6%), преимущественно альтернариозом. При хранении в герметично закрытом полиэтиленовом пакете плотностью 35 мм, плоды перца сладкого имели низкую убыль массы (0,2%), но больше поражались болезнями, особенно мокрой бактериальной и серой гнилями. Оптимальный вид упаковки, продляющий срок хранения плодов перца сладкого, – Xtend с МА/МВ. Использование этих пакетов давало существенную прибавку сохраняемости (в среднем 9,33% по сравнению с хранением в открытом ящике и 7,3% по сравнению с герметичным полиэтиленовым пакетом с толщиной пленки 35 мкм). Из болезней на этом варианте опыта была идентифицирована только серая гниль. Таким образом, рекомендуем шире использовать Xtend-пакеты (МА/МВ) в комплексе с абсорбером этилена Save Fresh, повышая сохраняемость перца сладкого использованием гибридов, устойчивых к серой гнили, или повышая их устойчивость агротехническими методами. The paper reflects the results of studies on the storage of sweet pepper of the domestic hybrid F1 Natalie in a modified atmosphere packaging (MAP), which was carried out using various types of polymer packaging in a refrigerator (including Xtend packages of the Israeli company StePac, creating a modified atmosphere and humidity), used in combination with an ethylene absorber (sachet) on based on potassium permanganate Save Fresh. The study was carried out in 2021–2022 at the ARRIVG – branch of FSBSI FSCV within the framework of an agreement on scientific and technical cooperation with Arteria Inter Fresh LLC. After 35 days of storage (t= 6–9 °C, OVV – 80–90%) of the fruits of sweet pepper F1 Natali in an open box (normal atmosphere), the best preservation was characterized by fruits stored brown (yield of marketable products – 75.75%). Fruits stored in an open box with red ones were most affected by diseases (24.6%), mainly alternariasis. When stored in a hermetically sealed plastic bag with a density of 35 mm, sweet pepper fruits had a low weight loss (0.2%), but were more affected by diseases, especially wet bacterial and gray rot. The optimal type of packaging that extends the shelf life of sweet pepper fruits is Xtend with modified atmosphere and humidity (MA/MH). The use of these bags gave a significant increase in preservation (on average 9.33% compared with storage in an open box and 7.3% compared with a sealed plastic bag with a film thickness of 35 microns). Of the diseases in this version of the experiment, only gray rot was identified. Thus, we recommend wider use of Xtend packages (MA/MH) in combination with the Save Fresh ethylene absorber, increasing the preservation of sweet pepper by using hybrids resistant to gray rot or increasing their resistance by agrotechnical methods.

Цель работы – уточнение видового состава возбудителей корневых гнилей цикория, оценка их вредоносности и разработка мер защиты. Полевые исследования проводили на базе РОСЦ-филиала ФГБНУ ФНЦО (Ярославская обл., Ростовский район) лабораторные эксперименты – во ВНИИО-филиале ФГБНУ ФНЦО (Московская обл., Раменский район). Оценку распространенности корневых гнилей цикория проводили с использованием стандартных методов фитопатологических исследований. Анализ пораженных корнеплодов показали, что основными возбудителями корневых гнилей цикория были Rhizoctonia solani, виды р. Fusarium, Pectobacterium carotovorum. Корневые гнили были распространены на опытном поле неравномерно, на отдельных участках встречались единичные пораженные растения, в небольших очагах пораженность корнеплодов достигала 100%. За последние годы все большее внимание исследователей привлекают новые виды растворимых удобрений с микроэлементами в хелатной форме. К таким удобрениям относятся Акварин, Растворин, Аквамикс. Отмечено, что корневые подкормки оказали положительное влияние на процессы роста и развития цикория, повышали устойчивость к корневым гнилям. В условиях 2020–2022 года два варианта опыта с применением Растворина и Аквамикса вовсе не имели загнивших корнеплодов, тогда как на всем опытном поле наблюдался высокий процент поражения корневыми гнилями (на некоторых делянках 100%). В результате наблюдений установлено, что обработка Растворином и Аквамиксом повышает устойчивость растений и препятствует развитию грибных заболеваний. Во всех вариантах опыта наблюдалась высокая товарность корнеплодов. Самым лучшим был вариант с применением Акварина в концентрации 0,6%, товарность которого составила 97,5%. Урожайность корнеплодов в 2022 году на всех вариантах превышала контрольные показатели: с применением Акварина на 10,5%, на варианте с обработкой Аквамиксом 14,7%, Растворином – на 44,7%. The purpose of the work is to clarify the species composition of the pathogens of chicory root rot, assess their harmfulness and develop protective measures. Field research was carried out on the basis of the ROSC-branch of the FSBSI FSVC (Yaroslavl region, Rostov district) laboratory experiments – in the ARRIVG-branch of the FSBSI FSVC (Moscow region, Ramensky district). The prevalence of chicory root rot was assessed using standard methods of phytopathological studies. Analysis of the affected root crops showed that the main causative agents of chicory root rot were Rhizoctonia solani,species of Fusarium, Pectobacterium carotovorum. Root rot was spread unevenly in the experimental field, single affected plants were found in some areas, in small foci the infestation of root crops reached 100%. In recent years, new types of soluble fertilizers with trace elements in chelated form have attracted increasing attention of researchers. Such fertilizers include Aquarin, Rastvorin, Aquamix. It was noted that root fertilizing had a positive effect on the growth and development of chicory, increased resistance to root rot. In the conditions of 2020–2022, two variants of the experiment with the use of Rastvorin and Aquamix did not have rotten root crops at all, whereas a high percentage of root rot damage was observed in the entire experimental field (100% in some plots). As a result of observations, it was found that treatment with Rastvorin and Aquamix increases the resistance of plants and prevents the development of fungal diseases. In all variants of the experiment, high marketability of root crops was observed. The best option was using Aquarin at a concentration of 0.6%, the marketability of which was 97.5%. In 2022, the yield of root crops in all variants exceeded the control indicators: with the use of Aquarin by 10.5%, on the variant with Aquamix treatment by 14.7%, with Rastvorin – by 44.7%.

Introduction . The use of new covering materials is an important modern agrotechnique for cultivating of bell pepper in the open ground, which allows to minimize chemical treatments, increasing the yield, quality and preservation quality of vegetable products. The purpose of this work is to study the effect of various mulching materials (black polyethylene film and spandbond «Agrotex 60 perforated mulch») on the yield of bell pepper and also on biochemical composition of fruits and on their preservation quality in relation to the ripeness phase. Methods . The objects of the study were the fruits of two bell pepper hybrids of domestic and foreign breeding (respectively Nathalie F 1 and Anetta F 1 ), grown in the open ground using mulching materials. The experiments were laid according to standard methods adopted in vegetable growing. Storage was carried out in accordance with the methodological guidelines for conducting research on the storage of vegetables. Results . The use of mulching materials contributed to an increase in total yield and the yield of standard products in the crop structure, and also positively affected the accumulation of solids, vitamin C, monosaccharides, disaccharides and as a whole – the sum of sugars. The domestic hybrid Natalie F 1 (74.9%), grown using black film as a mulching material, as compared to foreign hybrid Anetta F 1 (71.3%), was characterized by better preservation quality. Significant differences in the chemical composition of fruits depending on the ripeness phase were revealed. Fruits laid for storage in full biological ripeness (red) were characterized by an increased amount of weight loss on all storage options. A positive effect on the storage persistence of bell pepper fruits with use of mulching materials on all variants of the experiment was also established.

The paper describes the characteristics of biologic preparations and their application in protected ground conditions. In the course of the work, it was revealed that at present, vegetables are becoming more and more popular on the market, the use of chemicals in the their cultivation is limited. As a result of the experiment, the effectiveness of the use of biologic preparation Alirin-B and Gamair against diseases of protected soil cucumber and tomato was studied. The effectiveness of chemical and biological protection systems was compared, and the economic effect of their use was calculated.

Relevance. Significant harm to the culture of tomato, speaking about the middle Russia open ground plantations, is caused by fungal diseases, among which the most common are Fusarium wilt, late blight, alternariosis. To reduce the harmfulness of diseases, it is important to create stable and precocious hybrids that can give most of the crop before the mass development of diseases occurs. The complex system of protection includes preventive measures, the use of growth regulators possessing protective and stimulating action, application of biological preparations and fungicidal treatment. In terms of epiphytotic diseases, the most effective are chemicals, among which the increasing use get multipurpose products, involving several antifungal ingredients.Methods. The article presents the test results of the Uniform fungicide (321,7 g/l Аsoxystrobin + 123,7 g/l to Мefenoxam) against root rot of open ground tomato culture, grown in Moscow region. The estimation of biological and economic efficiency of Uniform application depending on the rate of consumption and multiplicity of treatments was carried out. The tomato Donskoy F1 hybrid, grown on drip irrigation, was used in experiments. Threefold background mode treatment of plants against late blight was carried out by fungicide Revus Top: at the onset of the first symptoms of the disease and hereinafter with 14 days intervals. Flow rate was 0.5 l/ha with solution consumption reaching 200 l/ha. Treatment of tomato plants by Uniform fungicide was performed by watering at the root under the flow rates of 0.9 l/ha and 1.5 l/ha and solution consumption of 200 l/ha. First application of seedlings was performed when planting, the second – 20 days after the first. The area of experimental plots was 20 m2, area of account plots was 10 m2. The repetition of account monitoring was fourfold.Results. The best results were achieved when using Uniform at the rate of 1.5 l/ha by root watering during transplanting and repeatedly at 20 days intervals. An increase in survival rate of seedlings, reduction of incidence of root rot by 81.2-86.9% and tomato yield increase by 29.7% to control under the influence of Uniform treatments were observed.

Tests of biopreparations Alirin-B (active ingredient, a.i. - Bacillus subtilis strain B-10-VISR), Mycosar (a.i. - Bacillus subtilis strain B-10-VISR, Bacillus subtilis strain M-22-VISR, Trichoderma harzianmun strain 18-VISR), Bactofit (a.i. - Bacillus subtilis strain IPM 215) against Fusarium-wilt - a common tomato disease - were carried out in the conditions of a soil film greenhouse. The norms of consumption of the studied biopreparations were 0.12 g/10 m(2), 0.2 g /10 m(2), 6.0 g/10 m(2) respectively, the consumption of the working solution was 3,5 l/10 m(2). Biopreparations were used 4 times: in the phase of 3-4 true leaves and after transplanting with an interval of 14 days. It was established that biological preparations have a growth-stimulating and protective effect on tomato plants of hybrid F1 Ostrovok. The treatments also influenced the biometric parameters of tomato seedlings and caused acceleration of passage of phenophases for 3 days compared to the control. Because of treatments, the spread of Fusarium wilt on tomato plants was limited, the yield saved from losses was 1.2-1.5 kg/m(2) (or 13.9-17.4% to the control). There was an increase in the content of vitamin C and lycopene in fruits. The most noticeable biological and economic efficiency of the studied preparation was observed in Mikosar, which contained 3 biofungicide components.

Celeriac (Apium graveolens L., Apiaceae), originating from the Mediterranean basin, is a two-yearold species grown worldwide. The article presents the content of chlorophylls a and b, β-carotene and anthocyanin in various celery root varieties, and an assessment of their resistance to septoriosis and the yield of root crops. The studies were carried out on the basis of the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Vegetable Growing, a branch of the Federal Scientific Vegetable Center (Moscow Region, Ramensky District) in 2014-2016. The total content of anthocyanins in the leaves in varieties with anthocyanin coloring on the leaf stem is on average 1.32 mg / 100 g, in the varieties with a green stem, 0.90 mg / 100 g, β-carotene – 1.82 and 1.67 mg / 100 g, chlorophyll a – 86.5 and 81.4 mg / 100 g, chlorophyll b – 43.1 and 44.9 mg / 100 g wet weight, respectively. Linear correlation analysis allowed to establish a reliable (at 5% significance level) positive relationship between the yield of root crops and the total content of anthocyanins in celery leaves (r = 0.53), the total content of anthocyanins and chlorophyll a in leaves (r = 0.55), a negative relationship between the degree of development septoria and root mass (r = -0.62), as well as the yield of root crops (r = -0.71), between the chlorophyll a content in the leaves and the degree of septoria development (r = -0.54). The revealed variability in chlorophyll, β-carotene, the total content of anthocyanins reflects genetic heterogeneity among the studied celery varieties and plant responses to the environment. For breeding for resistance to septoria and crop yields of root crops, varieties of celeriac Kornevoy Gribovskiy, Maxim, Kupidon were selected.

Дана оценка биологической и хозяйственной эффективности применения препарата Полар 50 против мучнистой росы тепличного огурца. Установлены оптимальные сроки и нормы расхода фунгицида в условиях пленочных теплиц. Наибольший эффект (86,8%) достигается при трехкратном опрыскивании растений с интервалом 14 суток в норме расходе препарата Полар 250 г/га при первых симптомах заболевания. Расход рабочего раствора – 1000 л/га.The biological and economic efficiency of Polar 50 preparation against powdery mildew of greenhouse cucumber is evaluated. Optimum terms and norms of consumption of fungicide in the conditions of film greenhouses are established. The greatest effect (86.8%) is achieved by triple spraying of plants with an interval of 14 days, the rate of the Polar preparations is 250 g/ha at the first symptoms of the disease. Consumption of working solution is1000 l/ha.

Celeriac (Apium graveolens L., Apiaceae), originating from the Mediterranean basin, is a two-yearold species grown worldwide. The article presents the content of chlorophylls a and b, β-carotene and anthocyanin in various celery root varieties, and an assessment of their resistance to septoriosis and the yield of root crops. The studies were carried out on the basis of the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Vegetable Growing, a branch of the Federal Scientific Vegetable Center (Moscow Region, Ramensky District) in 2014-2016. The total content of anthocyanins in the leaves in varieties with anthocyanin coloring on the leaf stem is on average 1.32 mg / 100 g, in the varieties with a green stem, 0.90 mg / 100 g, β-carotene – 1.82 and 1.67 mg / 100 g, chlorophyll a – 86.5 and 81.4 mg / 100 g, chlorophyll b – 43.1 and 44.9 mg / 100 g wet weight, respectively. Linear correlation analysis allowed to establish a reliable (at 5% significance level) positive relationship between the yield of root crops and the total content of anthocyanins in celery leaves (r = 0.53), the total content of anthocyanins and chlorophyll a in leaves (r = 0.55), a negative relationship between the degree of development septoria and root mass (r = -0.62), as well as the yield of root crops (r = -0.71), between the chlorophyll a content in the leaves and the degree of septoria development (r = -0.54). The revealed variability in chlorophyll, β-carotene, the total content of anthocyanins reflects genetic heterogeneity among the studied celery varieties and plant responses to the environment. For breeding for resistance to septoria and crop yields of root crops, varieties of celeriac Kornevoy Gribovskiy, Maxim, Kupidon were selected.

The article presents an analysis of the world and Russian production of cucumbers, as one of the most common vegetable crops in many countries, open and closed ground. Among the vegetable crops grown in protected soil, the most profitable is cucumber. The share of each district in the gross harvest of cucumbers closed in Russia is calculated, and the regions with the maximum absolute index are listed. The volume of imports to Russia is shown in terms of value and in kind, indicating the key supplier countries. In recent years, more and more demand in the market is becoming environmentally friendly vegetable products, the cultivation of which is widely used biological remedies. To obtain environmentally friendly products, it is necessary to use plant protection systems based on the use of biological plant protection products and growth regulators, which increase the disease resistance of plants in adverse conditions. To analyze the effectiveness of such means, in the course of research, the effect of the drug Gliocladin in combination with the growth regulator Zircon against the root rot was studied. On the basis of the obtained data, the economic effect of their use in the conditions of film greenhouses is calculated.

Натуральные органические хелатирующие агенты, такие как аминокислоты, помогают растениям в транслокации микроэлементов. Такие энтеросорбенты растениям не фитотоксичны, их легко производить, и стоят они недорого. Настоящее исследование направлено на определение влияния листовой подкормки аминохелатными удобрениями на урожайность томата в необогреваемых пленочных теплицах 3-й световой зоны. Полевой эксперимент проводили в 2015 – 2016 гг. в пленочных теплицах на солнечном обогреве Московской области. Используемые удобрения: Агровин Амино (0,2; 0,4 и 0,6 л/га), Агровин Микро (0,4; 0,6 и 0,8 л/га); Агровин Са (0,2; 0,4 и 0,6 кг/га), Агровин Fe (0,2; 0,4 и 0,6 кг/га). В условиях неотапливаемых пленочных теплиц в 3-й световой зоне на почвогрунтах для получения урожайности томата коктейльного типа на уровне 4,0 кг/м2 и выше рекомендуется двухкратная листовая подкормка вегетирующих растений Агровин Ca 0,6 кг/га, Агровин Fe 0,4 кг/га, Агровин Амино 0,2 л/га или Агровин Микро 0,6 л/га, которая способствовует формированию урожайности 4,0 – 4,3 кг/м2 против 3,2 кг/м2 в контрольном варианте (фон NPK) при HCP05 = 0,4 кг/м2. Первую подкормку следует проводить в начале цветения до завязывания плодов на первой кисти (через 2 недели после посадки рассады), вторую — когда на второй кисти образуется завязь диаметром около 1,0 см.