Изучено влияние предварительной термической обработки на твердость, ударную вязкость и прокаливаемость металлического слоистого композита на основе стали 3 и меди М1. Были проведены исследования микроструктуры полученных композитов.

С помощью металлографии и растровой электронной микроскопии установлено воздействие включений карбонитридов титана и карбида кремния на деградацию стали 08Х18Н10Т в теплообменных трубах (ТОТ) парогенераторов энергоблоков ВВЭР-1000. Показана также роль конструкционных особенностей парогенераторов в зарождении и росте эксплуатационных дефектов ТОТ.

The effect of electron irradiation at T less than or similar to 10 K (energy 0.5-2.5 MeV, dose 10(18) cm(-2)) on the parameters of charge carrier scattering and superconducting transition characteristics in an optimally doped Y-Ba-Cu-O single crystal (T-c = 91.74 K) was studied. Irradiation with electrons leads to a significant increase in the residual resistance and the Debye temperature. The latter is associated with the isotropization of the phonon spectrum due to an increase in the concentration of defects. Irradiation also results in a decrease in T-c and an increase in the coherence length. Published by AIP Publishing.

Effect of electron irradiation on the excess conductivity of YBa2Cu3O7-delta single crystals is investigated. It is shown that irradiation with electrons leads to significant expansion of the temperature interval that excess conductivity exists. The excess conductivity delta sigma(T) has been revealed to obey an exponential temperature dependence in the broad temperature range T-f < T < T*. The description of the excess conductivity can be interpreted in terms of the mean-field theory where T* is the mean-field transition temperature to the pseudogap state and delta*(T) is satisfactory described within the framework of the BCS-BEC crossover theory. The value of the transverse coherence length xi(c)(0) increases by a factor of 1.4 and the point of 2D-3D crossover shifts with respect to temperature.

The effect of electron irradiation on the basal-plane conductivity σ(T)\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\sigma (T)$$\end{document} of YBa2\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$_2$$\end{document}Cu3\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$_3$$\end{document}O7-δ\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$_{7-\delta }$$\end{document} single crystals is investigated. The excess conductivity Δσ(T)\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\Delta \sigma (T)$$\end{document} has been revealed to obey an exponential temperature dependence in the broad temperature range Tf<T<T∗\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$T_f< T < T^*$$\end{document}, where Tf\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$T_f$$\end{document} is the transition temperature from the pseudogap state to the regime of fluctuation conductivity. The description of the excess conductivity by the relation Δσ(T)∝(1-T/T∗)exp(Δab∗/T)\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\Delta \sigma (T) \propto (1-T/T^*)\exp (\Delta ^*_{ab}/T)$$\end{document} can be interpreted in terms of the mean-field theory where T∗\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$T^*$$\end{document} is the mean-field transition temperature to the pseudogap state and Δ∗(T)\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\Delta ^*(T)$$\end{document} is satisfactory described within the framework of the BCS-BEC crossover theory. In all, electron irradiation of the YBa2\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$_2$$\end{document}Cu3\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$_3$$\end{document}O7-δ\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$_{7-\delta }$$\end{document} single crystals has been revealed to lead to an expansion of the temperature range of the pseudogap state, thereby narrowing the range of the linear dependence of ρ(T)\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\rho (T)$$\end{document} in the ab-plane.

We present a survey of experimental investigations of the mechanisms of erosion-corrosion damage to the heat-exchange equipment of power-generating units with WWÉR-1000 (water-cooled, watermoderated) reactors. By using metallographic methods, we study the in-service defects of different regions. It is shown that the nature of defects in thick-walled structures made of pearlitic steel of the 10GN2MFA type is initially explained by the pitting corrosion caused by the electrochemical interaction of the metal with particles of the sludge, i.e., products of the corrosion-erosion wear of the equipment made of copper alloys. We make a conclusion that the complex interdependent processes of corrosionerosion wear of the equipment are running under the conditions of the second circuit. In their final stage, we observe the development of stress-corrosion cracking. Hence, for the prevention of in-service defects of equipment of the second circuit, it is necessary to remove copper-containing structures.

The effect of electron irradiation on the basal-plane conductivity \(\sigma (T)\) of YBa\(_2\)Cu\(_3\)O\(_{7-\delta }\) single crystals is investigated. The excess conductivity \(\Delta \sigma (T)\) has been revealed to obey an exponential temperature dependence in the broad temperature range \(T_f< T < T^*\), where \(T_f\) is the transition temperature from the pseudogap state to the regime of fluctuation conductivity. The description of the excess conductivity by the relation \(\Delta \sigma (T) \propto (1-T/T^*)\exp (\Delta ^*_{ab}/T)\) can be interpreted in terms of the mean-field theory where \(T^*\) is the mean-field transition temperature to the pseudogap state and \(\Delta ^*(T)\) is satisfactory described within the framework of the BCS-BEC crossover theory. In all, electron irradiation of the YBa\(_2\)Cu\(_3\)O\(_{7-\delta }\) single crystals has been revealed to lead to an expansion of the temperature range of the pseudogap state, thereby narrowing the range of the linear dependence of \(\rho (T)\) in the ab-plane.

The effect of electron irradiation on the basal-plane conductivity σ (T) of YBa _2 Cu _3 O _7-δ single crystals is investigated. The excess conductivity Δσ (T) has been revealed to obey an exponential temperature dependence in the broad temperature range T_f< T < T^* , where T_f is the transition temperature from the pseudogap state to the regime of fluctuation conductivity. The description of the excess conductivity by the relation Δσ (T) ∝ (1-T/T^*)exp (Δ ^*_ab/T) can be interpreted in terms of the mean-field theory where T^* is the mean-field transition temperature to the pseudogap state and Δ ^*(T) is satisfactory described within the framework of the BCS-BEC crossover theory. In all, electron irradiation of the YBa _2 Cu _3 O _7-δ single crystals has been revealed to lead to an expansion of the temperature range of the pseudogap state, thereby narrowing the range of the linear dependence of ρ (T) in the ab -plane.

УкраинаВ настоящей работе рассмотрена задача повышения устойчивости деформированных сплавов циркония при тепловой обработке, а также подчёркивается необходимость разработки санитарно-гигиенических норм при работе с цирконием и его сплавами, включая научные исследования.Это обусловлено тем, что цирконий, поступающий экзогенным путём в орга

Investigation objects were metal templates, which were cut during the repair of welding junction no. 111 (header to the steam generator shell) on a power-generating unit with VVER-1000 of the South-Ukraine NPP, and substances of mud depositions collected from walls of this junction. Investigations were carried out using metallography, optical microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersion microanalysis by an MMO-1600-AT metallurgical microscope and a JEOL JSM-7001F scanning electron microscope with the Shottky cathode. As a result of investigations in corrosion pits and mud depositions in the area of welding junction no. 111, iron and copper-enriched particles were revealed. It is shown that, when contacting with the steel header surface, these particles can form microgalvanic cells causing reactions of iron dissolution and the pit corrosion of metal. Nearby corrosion pits in metal are microcracks, which can be effect of the stress state of metal under corrosion pits along with revealed effects of twinning. The hypothesis is expressed that pitting corrosion of metal occurred during the first operation period of the power-generating unit in the ammonia water chemistry conditions (WCC). The formation of corrosion pits and nucleating cracks from them was stopped with the further operation under morpholine WCC. The absence of macrocracks in metal of templates verifies that, during operation, welding junction no. 111 operated under load conditions not exceeding the permissible ones by design requirements. The durability of the welding junction of the header to the steam generator shell significantly depends on the technological schedule of chemical cleaning and steam generator shut-down cooling.

Employing 6-points internal application of stress loading during rapid continuous heating up to temperatures within the range 800... 1200 degrees C and short-time isothermal exposures conditions of accidental breakdown of cooling in nuclear reactor were simulated and features of the mechanical behavior of fuel elements tubes of Zr-1% Nb were studied. It is established that transition above the beta-transus temperature and even short-time (a few minutes) exposures at temperatures of single-phase beta-field intensive plastic deformation took place even when applying minor loads. In the radial direction nonuniform plastic deformation was observed. This was explained as a result of a single beta grains' formation in the cross section of the tube wall, what causes plastic flow of the material with different rates in different grains according to the relationship between the crystallographic orientation of each grain and the vector of the applied load.

Samples of the alloys E-110, -110M, -125, and -635M irradiated by zirconium ions in an accelerator to high damaging dose are studied. Data on the structural-phase transformations in zirconium alloys are presented and the dose dependences of the parameters of dislocation loops at the irradiation temperatures 390 and 550°C are determined and the evolution of the microchemical composition under irradiation, making it possible to evaluate the composition changes in the matrix and the precipitates of second phases, is studied.

J. Sichelschmidt, H.J. Im, S. Kimura, V. Voevodin, H. Rosner, W. Schnelle, A. Leithe-Jasper, J.A. Mydosh, Yu. Grin, F. Steglich Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, 01187 Dresden, Germany School of Physical Sciences, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Okazaki 444-8585 Japan UVSOR Facility, Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585 Japan II. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, 50937 Köln, Germany

The development of innovative nuclear energy technologies requires extensive research to create materials that can resist tough radiation conditions (high temperature, intense flow of fast neutrons, corrosion) and provide the desired operating life (60 years). Development and creation of oxide dispersion-strengthened (ODS) ferritic-martensitic steels, obtained by mechanical alloying (MA) powders Fe, Cr, W, Ti and nano-sized grains (20 nm) of refractory oxides (Al2O3, TiO2, Y2O3 etc.), allows to hope to increase the radiation resource of structural elements fabricated up to 200 dpa The study of the microstructure of MA/ODS/FM steels fuel rod cladding fast reactor irradiated by a dose of approximately to 160 dpa and found the decrease in density, size, volume fraction and the elemental composition of the oxide dispersion, providing the duration of the incubation period of vacancy swelling, dimensional stability and structural elements increase their operational resource. This paper deals with the mechanisms of radiation dissolution of oxide particles and their elemental composition change during irradiation. The processes of evolution of the microstructure under high radiation irradiation are considered from the perspective of dynamic instability, self-organization and restructuring of the nonlinear radioactive processes.