从2010年开始,在四川达州试验点连续三年对19个多年生豆科牧草种的物候期、生长速度、越夏率、产草量、茎叶比进行观察测定.结果表明,在参试的19个品种中,有10个紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)品种和4个白三叶(Trifolium repens L.)品种能够适应当地气候条件,顺利越夏;年干草产量能够＞10t/hm2的有紫花苜蓿品种凯伦、马瑞拉、杰利、Adrenalin、皇冠、德宝、飞马、Spyder、渝苜1号、凉山紫花苜蓿和白三叶海法、考拉、拉丁诺;连续三年累计干草产量＞30t/hm2的品种有凉山紫花苜蓿和白三叶考拉、海法、拉丁诺,可在本区域推广利用.

The Morris Water maze (MWM) is a widely used device to investigate spatial learning and memory in rodents.Previous studies involving antioxidant showed that spatial learning and memory were improved afforded by dietary antioxidants.The present study aimed at investigating the efficacy of flavonoids from Broussonetia papyrifera on spatial acquisition and probe trial performance in KM mice.16 young adult male KM mice were randomly separated into 2 groups,a control (CG) and an experimental group (EG).Mice underwent gavage with normal saline (0.9％) and flavonoid-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (FSLN for short) from B.papyrifera (5 mg/kg/day) with the same volume for 4 weeks,respectively.Then,the MWM test was performed.Our results showed that flavonoids extracted from B.papyrifera significantly augmented the spatial learning and reference memory of mice in the experimental group,which may be ascribed to decreasing the overproduction of free radicals and therefore,retarding oxidative damage.Interestingly,swimming speed of the mice sharply increased latterly albeit there was no difference between the EG and CG.This study also demonstrated that FSLN treatment had no adverse marginal impact on the growth and development of the mice.Collectively,this work indicated that flavonoids from B.papyrifera could improve the spatial learning and reference memory in young adult male KM mice without obvious side effect and be used as potential drug for health care.

The chromosome numbers and karyotypes of Hemarthria compressa cv.Guangyi and wild accession T003 were researched by common root tip squash method.The results showed that:(1) the base chromosome number of Hemarthria compressa was x=9;(2)'Guangyi'was hexaploid and the karyotype formula was 2n=6x=54=34m+10sm(2SAT)+6st+2t+2T,index of asymmetry was 61.43%,belonged to 2B type;(3) T003 was tetraploid and the karyotype formula was 2n=4x=36=14m+10sm(2SAT)+8st+4T,index of asymmetry was 65.67%,belonged to 2C type.

An experiment was carried out to determine the effects of overseeding legumes on the forage yield and quality of whipgrass by overseeding smooth vetch(Vicia villosa),common vetch(V.sativa) and pea(Pisum sativum) into whipgrass pasture during autumn.This study showed that the overseeding legumes increased the yield of dry matter and the nutrient value,indicating that the yield of whipgrass pasture overseeded by smooth vetch,common vetch and pea was 12.397,12.341 and 13.138 t/ha respectively,which increase by 60.46%,59.73% and 70.05% when compared with the control.There was main legume in spring and whipgrass in summer,and the crude protein content decreased and the crude fiber increased with the increase of harvest times.In generally,overseeding smooth vetch performed better,and pea and common vetch came to second.

The effects of different additives(Xu-chan Ⅰ,Qing-bao Ⅱ and previously fermented juice of whipgrass) in different levels(1ml/kg,2ml/kg,5ml/kg,10ml/kg) on the quality of whipgrass silage were evaluated by evaluating the sensory value and analyzing the chemical components of the silage.The results showed that treatments of adding additives got the higher scores in sensory value estimation,and in a lower concentration of additives(1ml/kg,2ml/kg,5ml/kg) the pH and acid detergent fiber(ADF) contents trended to decrease and crude protein(CP) contents trended to increase.Besides,Xu-chan Ⅰ could decrease the pH effectively,which was below 4.2 in the concentration of 2ml/kg and 5ml/kg.And compared with Xu-chan Ⅰ and Qing-bao Ⅱ,treatment with previously fermented juice of whipgrass showed a better ability to improve the quality of silage and nutrition value and the silage had the lowest pH and the highest crude protein(CP) content when the concentration of previously fermented juice was 5ml/kg.

The daily changes of pollen density and the dispersal patterns of Hemarthria compressa were measured by air pollen trapping method.The results showed that there were two peaks of flowering time during 6:00-8:00 and 15:30-19:00,and the highest amounts of pollen grains collected was during 16:00-18:00.We found that wind speed affected the distances of the pollen grains distributions.The pollen grains distributed within the circle of 5 m from the pollen grain originate place,when the wind speed was lower thatn 1 km/h(0 grade) or between 1-5 km/h(1 grade),and within the circle 21 m when the wind speed was between 12-19 km/h(3 grade).The plant stands comes from the same mother plant in the areas of pollen distributed,so the cross-pollination in the same plant stand was common.The dilemma between pollen distribution pattern and cross pollination reproduction system was one of the reason of low seed set.

The quality of whipgrass silages were evaluated in different moisture content treatments （75.3%, 64.2% ,54.6%） with the previously fermented juice （PFJ） （5 ml/kg）. After 45 d ensilaged, the quality of silages were analyzed from the visual and nutrition values. The results showed that in moisture 64.2% and 54.6%, the stems and leaves of the silage were kept well, which got higher scores in the sensory value estimate, the pH and amount of ammonia-N were lower, and the quantity of lactobacillus and the amount of crude protein were higher than that of in moisture 75.3%. But the quantity of other bacteria in moisture 54.6% was significantly higher than that of in moisture 64.2%. So it was the best choice to ensilage whipgrass in moisture 64.2% with 5 ml/kg previously fermented juice.

The object of this experiment was to discuss the effect of the three annual legumes(Vicia villosa L.,Vicia sativa L.and Pisum sativum L.) on the yield and quality of whipgrass when they were overseeded into whipgrass sward in autumn by observing the growth states of these oversown annual legumes and measuring the yield and chemical components of forage.The results showed that the oversown legumes all germinated in 6-7 days and their autumn were in the middle of May.During the period of experiment,all these treatments of overseeding legumes had a higher yield of forage than that of the control and Vicia villosa L.had a good better ability to improve the yield.But with the increasing of harvest time,the crude protein concentration decreased and neutral detergent fiber(NDF) and acid detergent fiber(ADF) concentration increased,and Vicia villosa L.and Vicia sativa L.were both good at improving the quality of forage.To sum up,compared with the control,the treatment of overseeding annual legumes in autumn increased by 36.1%、54.4%、43.4% respectively and it was obviously to improve the forage quality in spring(P<0.05).

Flavonoids have significant free radical scavenging,antioxidant,anti-aging effect.In this study,stearic acid and lecithin were used as the carrier.The method of emulsion evaporation-solidification at low temperature was used to prepare flavonoids-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles from broussonetia papyrifera.When the ratio between stearic acid and phosphatidylcholine was 75：20,the effect was the best when PEG400 was used as approach emulsifier and stabilizer.The encapsulation efficiency was 82.67% and the drug loading was 33.73%.The average particle size of SLN was 461.3nm.

This experiment was to evaluate the producing characteristics of mixed cut-grassland with different ratio of whipgrass(Hemarthria compressa cv.Guangyi) and alfalfa(Medicago sativa cv.Shengshi) by measuring the height of plant,canopy and yield before each cut,and then supply a theoretical basis for the building and management of mixed cut-grassland.The results showed that the treatments of LC2(50% Guangyi +50% Shengshi) and LC1(75% Guangyi +25% Shengshi) were both the optional mixture combinations.In mixed grassland,the height of Shengshi was increased and that of Guangyi was decreased.And in all treatments,the average of leaf area index(LAI) of mixed grassland was lower than that of monocultured Guangyi grassland.Furthermore,the yield of mixed cut-grassland was more than that of monoculture.