Eleven species of Anemone obtusiloba collected from 4 areas of Gansu [Hezuo(HZ),Luqu(LQ),Awancang(AWC),and Azi(AZ)] were analysed by inter single sequence repeats(ISSR) to elucidate the inherit diversity level and structure.Seven hundred and one bands were amplified by 13 primers and 392 bands were polymorphic,a polymorphic locus percentage(P) of 55.92%.The Shannon index(I) was 0.372 and Nei's gene diversity(H) was 0.250.Based on Nei's Gst value and analysis of molecular variance(AMOVA),showed that species inheritance of differentiation of A.obtusiloba existed mainly.In inter-populations: I was 0.183 and H was 0.114 at the population level.These data indicated that there were high inherent diversities in the population of A.obtusiloba.Using UPGMA,three populations were clustered: HZ,LQ and AWC,and AZ.Further analysis showed that there was no correlation between population genetic diversity level and altitude,water,extractable phosphorous or longitude and latitude,but there was a significantly negative correlation with precipitation.

Reproductive traits and reproductive allocation of three colours in Anemone obtusiloba at four different altitudinal gradients in the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau were examined.1) With increased altitude,the investment proportion of the three flower colours of A.obtusiloba all increased in flowers but decreased in leaves.2) Flower numbers of A.obtusiloba in all three colours decreased with an increase of altitude;but single flower area,single flower weight,floral display area and reproductive allocation all increased.3) In the four altitudinal gradients,the individual size of the same colour flowers was significantly positively correlated with flower number,single flower weight,floral display area and reproductive investment.The single flower area was also positively correlated with other aspects,and showed that the altitude directly affected these reproductive traits.There was no significant correlation between reproductive allocation and individual size of the same colour flowers of A.obtusiloba.All these results suggest that there is an important effect of altitude on reproductive traits and reproductive allocation to different colours of A.obtusiloba.These reproductive colour traits and allocation of A.obtusiloba all increased reproductive fitness with an increase of altitude,but the altitude could not fully explain the change of resource allocation strategy of this alpine perennial.

Jerusalem artichoke residue as the research object,with the protein extraction rate as a measure indicator.Three extraction parameters including pH,extraction temperature and extraction time were optimized using central composite design and response surface methodology based on single factor investigations for achieving maximum the protein extraction rate.The interaction of the respective variables and their influence on the extraction rate were studied by using Box-Benhnken central composite design and response surface analysis theory,the simulated quadratic polynomial regression equation of prediction model was set up.Under the condition of solid-liquid ratio1：30（g/mL）,the optimum extraction condition for pH14,extraction temperature 82℃,extraction time of 2h.Under these conditions,the average protein yield ratio was 22.7747mg/g,compared to the theoretical value,the relative error of 2.33%.Optimized by response surface regression equation derived some practical significance.

The genome DNA extracted by the improved method of CTAB from Anemone obtusiloba collected from Hezuo region in Gansu was used as mode to optimize the ISSR reaction conditions by orthogonal experiment and single factor experiment. This study showed that the optimal conditions of ISSR reaction for A. obtusiloba were 20 μL reaction system, and it contained 10× Buffer 2 μL, Mg2＋ 2.5 mmol . L -1 Taq enzyme 2 U, Genome DNA 2 mg. L-1, dNTPs 0.3 mmol- L-1 and ISSR primer 0.4 mmol .L -1. The process of PCR were 94 ℃ for 5 min, 35 cycles （94 ℃ 30 s,51 ℃ 45 s,72 ℃ 90 s）, and 72℃ for 7 min, and the consult based on primer UBC 807.

To obtain fusant strains being able to produce ethanol directly from Jerusalem artichoke(Helianthus tuberosus) materials efficiently,the protoplast fusion technique was used and some appropriate conditions were chosen for protoplast preparation and fusion.The protoplast fusion was conducted between Saccharomyces cerevisiae and a penicillium strain obtained by self-screening with a high yield of inulinase.The abilities of inulinase and ethanol production of detected fusants was determined.Their genetic stability was also studied.Finally,a superior strain named R8 was chosen for inulin alcoholic fermentation.The results showed that the ethanol content of fermented products was 41.16% and the raw sugar utilization rate was 75.52%.

对青藏高原东缘沙化区生物结皮土壤的化学性质与养分状况进行了研究，结果表明：青藏高原东缘沙化区生物结皮土壤介于碱性与强碱性之间，速效磷含量高，碱解氮与有机质含量极低一荒漠生物结皮能够降低土壤pH值，提高速效磷、碱解氮、有机质等养分含量。本研究为青藏高原东缘沙化区生物结皮的生长、开发和利用提供理论依据，对防沙固沙，治理沙漠具有重要意义。

To optimize the extraction of monosaccharides from Jerusalem artichoke residue based on inulinase treatment,the single factor test and the orthogonal test were used.The results showed that the optimum conditions are pH4.6,enzyme dosage 25U/g,extraction temperature 60℃,liquid ratio 1∶ 25,the extraction time 6h.Under these conditions,the average extraction yield of monosaccharide is 82.67%.The hydrolysate contains mainly two kinds of simple sugars,fructose and glucose by TLC analysis.And the contents of two monosaccharides were 135.9mg/g and 84.9mg/g using the DNS method,the ratio of the two sugars was 1.6∶ 1.

Objective:To investigate the effects of different ecological factors on growth and development of algae in biological crust in eastern margin desert region of Qingzang plateau and find out the best cultivating conditions.Methods:Samples were obtained from every sampling areas,loaded in abacterial pockets and stored at-20 ℃.Different concentrations of soil suspension liquid were prepared and coated homogeneously on sterile BG11 solid cultural medium at light/dark=16 h/18 h and 25 ℃ for one month.Chose single algae and inoculated in BG11 liquid nutrient medium to pure culture,and compared the number of algae in different pH,Na+ concentration and Mg2+ concentration.Results:In the neutral condition,the absorbency increased as culture time expanding;the absorbency of species 1 reached the maximum and began to reduce on the 13th day,at pH=5;the maximal absorbency attained on the 15th day,at pH=9 or pH=11;there is dose dependent between the growth process of species 1 and Na+ concentration and Mg2+ concentration.Conclusion:The desert algae has some resistance to alkali,however,strong basicity would affect the growth of algae.It appears to be inverse relationship between algae growth and salinity.

为了得到产酶性能好且稳定的菌株,利用CMC平板初筛和摇瓶发酵复筛,从采自不同地区的样品中筛出5株产酶较高的菌株。采用液体发酵方法对其中产酶最好的菌株A6产酶条件进行研究。结果表明,该菌株最适产酶温度为32℃,初始pH值为5.5,接种量为5%,培养时间为4d,微晶纤维素与麸皮配比为7:3,氮源为复合氮源。