The paper is devoted to the problems of improving the system of training and expertise of scientific personnel in the field of library and information sciences. The relevance is due to the decrease in the quality of dissertation research in library science, bibliography and book studies due to the insufficient readiness of young scientific personnel for research activities. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the competence–based approach as the methodological basis for the theoretical design of candidate exam programs and to offer practical tools appropriate for assessing the level of readiness of applicants for the degree of Candidate of Sciences for scientific work in the specialty 5.10.4 – Library Science, bibliography and book studies. The definition of the candidate’s exam in line with the competence approach is given, a system of competence guidelines in the training of graduate students on the specialty 5.10.4 is formed. The control and measuring materials of the candidate’s examination in the specialty 5.10.4, developed and implemented at the Moscow State Institute of Culture, are presented. They are ready for implementation into educational and expert practices of other universities and scientific organizations.

The authors note that the efficiency of librarianship in the conditions of intensive changes in the information environment raises the question of the development of the reader’s culture in the course of the formation of the readiness of future librarians . In order for a librarian to be a reader , he must not only “ love books and reading ”, but also receive appropriate training and reader development in the professional training system , master various reading strategies and the ability to expediently carry out his own reading activity . The article considers reading and reading competence , their place in educational standards and their role in the professional activity of a library specialist .

TThe article raises the issues of scientific support for the development of librarianship in the conditions of digitalization. It presents the analysis of the scientific agenda of library and information sciences, laid down in the “Strategy for the development of librarianship in the Russian Federation until 2030”. The possibilities of solving problems relevant to the industry within the framework of the new nomenclature and passport of the scientific specialty “Library Science, Bibliography and Book Studies” are critically evaluated. It is proposed to consider the nomenclature of scientific specialties as a system integrity, within which the search for areas of interdisciplinary interaction and migration to other scientific specialties is carried out at the level of the subject of research. The scientific specialties that have theoretical and organizational potential for research and development of issues of digital development of librarianship have been identified. The ways of harmonization of library and information sciences with the new positions of the specialty 5.10.4 and a new field of science – cultural studies have been defined, the task of determining the direction of scientific research has been set. The possibilities of studying library and information issues in line with the research of the actual problems of digitalization of culture as one of the branches in which library construction is actively conducted have been analyzed, their connection with the priorities of scientific and technological development has been determined. The definition of digitalization of culture is given as a set of new IT solutions, new design of the cultural information space, new relationships in the professional and social environment, new economic models, new cultural codes. Among the promising areas of research that are important for the development of librarianship in the modern conditions there have been defined: digitalization of cultural heritage preservation (scientific tasks that make up the “technical” and “humanitarian” streams are highlighted); digital resources of culture and art and electronic libraries (a single digital space of culture as a theoretical concept and strategic guideline); digitalization of creative industries and digitalization of everyday cultural practices; digital reading infrastructure; human problems in digital culture; digital formats of “documenting culture”; digitalization of culture in the context of intellectual property; digital humanities.

This paper provides an analysis of long-term data on the ecology of rodent and insectivorous mammalian communities of different altitudinal zones of the southern slope of the Munku-Sardyk ridge in Mongolia. A description of the fauna, population, and diversity of communities of small mammals within different altitudinal zones is presented. It is shown that the composition and structure of the communities of high-altitude zones depend on the vertical distribution of plant associations, micro landscape, and ecological specialization of species in the community. A comparison of the diversity parameters of communities of small mammals in mountainous altitudinal zones in adjacent territories in the Baikal region is given. A comparison of the mountain and lowland steppe rodent communities of southern Siberia reveals a high similarity in the dominance structure of the communities of the Munku-Sardyk ridge and Tazheran steppe (Baikal region).

На основе методологической коммуникации наук информационного, экономического, управленческого циклов уточняется понятие цифровой инфраструктуры. Представлена и обоснована структурно-функциональная модель цифровой инфраструктуры национального патентного ведомства, включающая: конкретизацию субъектов; концептуальные схемы процессов; архитектуру единой информационной среды; концептуальные схемы процессов гармонизации информационных систем и сервисов макроуровня и корпоративных информационных систем; концептуальные схемы функционирования унаследованных систем; систему моделей, раскрывающих функциональные, организационные и иные структурные связи. Доказана необходимость новых теоретико-методологических подходов к изучению и проектированию цифрового развития в сфере интеллектуальной собственности.

In laboratory experiments, purposeful inter-relations with moving insects in the “predator–prey” manner have been revealed and described in two species of herbivorous mountain voles: the Tuva vole and the flat-headed vole. The patterns of the hunting behavior are similar in these species. The appearance of the full hunting stereotype in mountain voles does not require preliminary experience and does not improve, which indicates its innate nature. Unlike the rodent species studied earlier, mountain voles demonstrate “storing” behavioral patterns when operating with live prey. According to the characteristics of the interactions with prey, mountain voles are among the most successful and effective hunters for moving insects. Regarding the hunting tactics and the manners of their manipulations with prey, mountain voles are similar to the most “predatory” of omnivorous hamsters, Eversmann’s hamsters, but differ from them in an optional manifestation of the hunting stereotype. The frequency of occurrence of the stereotype and the success of hunting in mountain voles are twice as high as in the previously studied herbivorous narrow-head vole. Characteristics of a hunting behavior so unexpected in herbivorous rodents were revealed in mountain voles for the first time. The expansion of the diet due to the hunt for insects can be attributed to dwelling in arid places with a deficit of plant food resources.

Рассматриваются актуальные вопросы взаимодействия авторов, издателей, научных экспертов в свете современных требований к опубликованию научных работ. Отражается сложность стратиграфии научных журналов и особенности оценки публикаций в зависимости от ранга научного журнала. Внимание обращено на модель Открытого доступа, когда издательство предлагает с авторов взимать плату за публикацию, и на проблематичность реализации этой модели в среде ученых и молодых специалистов. Приводятся три модели рецензирования научных публикаций: «full-time рецензент»; «рецензент-волонтёр»; «открытое рецензирование». Наиболее распространена в настоящее время модель «рецензент-волонтер». Модель «открытое рецензирование» перспективна, поскольку привлекает использование специализированных платформ и социальных сетей, объединяющих научное сообщество.

Unsolved methodological problems of creating a single digital knowledge space are considered. The challenges and offers solutions in the selection area of information modelling and reflection, dialectic of individual and system objects in the structure UDSSK, industry-specific and differentiated approaches in designing UDSSK.

Unsolved methodological problems of creating a single digital knowledge space are considered. The challenges and offers solutions in the selection area of information modelling and reflection, dialectic of individual and system objects in the structure UDSSK, industry-specific and differentiated approaches in designing UDSSK.

На примере социальных и гуманитарных наук рассматривается вопрос об адекватности официальной системы оценивания эффективности научной деятельности её структуре, механизмам, результатам. Анализируется эвристичность используемых сегодня наукометрических оценочных параметров для стратегической аналитики науки. Представлены методологические возможности деятельностного подхода и информографической теории библиографии в определении объектов отражения, оценки и мониторинга эффективности научной деятельности в социальных и гуманитарных науках. Отмечается информативность ряда формальных критериев оценки научной деятельности, в частности, дихотомия «активность» - «результат». Поставлены задачи оптимизации теоретического и методического обеспечения оценивания эффективности научной деятельности в социальных и гуманитарных науках.

This study analyzes the present distribution of the Tuva mountain voles based on literary data, museum collections, and our own materials. A bioclimatic model of potential species distribution has been constructed using 25 localities identified as having Tuva mountain voles in Russia and Mongolia. It is shown that the species range of the Tuva voles consists of three large isolated parts: the northern one, located mainly in Khakassia; southern, located in Tuva and the adjacent territory of Mongolia; and a small area on the northern shore of the Khuvsgul Lake in Mongolia. The examination of habitats of the Tuva mountain voles in the territory of Khakassia has shown that in recent decades there has been a significant decrease in the number of inhabited sites, which indicates a significant decline in population and intensification of fragmentation of the northern part of the range of the Tuva mountain vole.

The prospects and reference points for the development of the intellectual property field are considered in the context of the Digital Economy of the Russian Federation program. The problem is to find and develop qualitatively new digital control tools that can quickly transpose scientific ideas into practice. We analyze the directions of developing the digital sector of public services, as well as the digitization of information services that precede the provision of public services (intellectual preparation of decision making). Based on the example of digitization of the intellectual property information infrastructure, theoretical and applied solutions are presented, which reveal specific features of the transformation of the information market in the digital economy. From the standpoint of an ambivalent approach, we show the participation of influence groups in the production of information services, as well as information self-service and outsourcing schemes, detect their positive and negative sides, and analyze the risks of new models and phenomena.

The dynamics of glucocorticoid concentrations was analyzed for the first time in immature males of the Tuva vole, a poorly-known species of mountain rodents, both at rest and during a pharmacological stimulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis). Corticosterone was shown to be the dominant glucocorticoid hormone, the level of which is almost five times higher than the basal concentration of cortisol, a secondary glucocorticoid. The concentration of the dominant hormone increased 12.7 times, that of the secondary hormone 2.1 times following an hour long stimulation of the HPA system. The basal levels of the dominant and secondary glucocorticoids returned to the norm after 6 and 24 hours, respectively.

The article is devoted to the problems of management of digitalization and to the denition of its object and its actor. The author raises the question of the need to control of informatization and proves the social nature of this process. The study is based on an interdisciplinary analysis of the specics of informatization as a global process. The denition of the concepts of “informatization”, “management of informatization” is given, the features of informatization as an object of management are revealed. The author oers the history of informatization as a new metatheoretic direction, giving a critical analysis of the concepts of informatization, their comparative study and correlation of prognostic statements with reality. This theoretical tool is used for studying the experience of informatization managing in Russia from 1990 to the present. The normative and strategic documents, the Federal target program “Electronic Russia”, etc. are analyzed. Based on the analysis of the experience of informatization management with the help of project management, the ineciency of the organizational and administrative model is proved for it does not take into account the objective nature of informatization and the participation of the mass actor and the information market. The author proves the ineciency of classical management tools for managing the global trend. The aim is the development of new methodology of managing of the digitization, which will take into account the mistakes of the previous periods. The heuristic of the polysystem approach as a methodology of studying and informatization’s and its trends managing is shown. The possibilities of the polysystem approach in the denition of active social actors of informatization, as well as phenomena that can aect the content and quality of informatization processes are considered

Long-tailed ground squirrel (Urocitellus undulatus) is a polytypic species with a wide distribution from the Tien Shan to the Amur River region. Previously, considerable genetic differentiation between eastern and western populations of this species was demonstrated. Moreover, the greatest differences were observed in the western part of the range located in Central Asia, the region that was subjected to repeated glaciations in the past and represents one of the centers of the ground squirrel secondary diversification. The analysis of polymorphism of the mitochondrial DNA control region was carried out on long-tailed ground squirrels living in the northern part of Central Asia, on the territory of the Altai Mountains (45 individuals from 23 localities). The presence of two genetically differentiated (7.7% differences) and geographically separated lineages (western and eastern) was revealed. The data obtained disprove the hypothesis on unidirectional, from west to east, colonization of the Altai Mountains after the end of the last glacial maximum and show the two pathways of the ground squirrel colonization of the Altai, from both western and eastern refugia.

As a result of the study of the morphotypic variability of flat-headed voles over most of their distribution range, 23 morphotypes of the first lower molar (M-1) and 33 ones of the upper third molar (M-3) were distinguished. According to Mantel's test, there is no coherence between the morphotypic variability of these molars. Dendrograms of the similarity of local samples constructed on the basis of the frequencies of morphotypes show a structure different for M-1 and M-3. In both cases, there was no correlation between the clusters obtained and the geographical location of the local samples. In the case of M-3, there is a negative correlation of the complexity index with altitude.