OBJECTIVE:To explore the surgical technique and clinical outcomes of biological total hip arthroplasty(THA) combined with impacting bone grafting for the treatment of moderate to severe acetabular invagination secondary to rheumatoid arthritis(RA). METHODS:Total of 20 patients(28 hips) with RA secondary to acetabular invagination were treated with THA of bioprosthesis combined with autogenous bone grafting from January 2012 to October 2020, including 5 males(8 hips) and 15 females(20 hips) with an average age of (55.10±4.96) years old from 45 to 64 years old. The depth of acetabular invagination was 8.43 to 16.25 mm with an average of (11.91±2.59) mm. According to Sotello-Garza and Charnley classification criterion, there were 15 cases(23 hips) of type Ⅱ(protrusio acetabuli 6 to 15 mm), and 5 cases(5 hips) of type Ⅲ(protrusio acetabuli>15 mm). Autologous femoral head granular bone and(or) allograft impacting grafting were used to reconstruct the acetabum, the biological porous acetabular cup was fixed by pressure fitting. At the postoperative follow-up, the activity function of the hip joint, the length of both lower limbs, VAS and Harris score were evaluated, and the healing of bone graft, the restoration of the hip rotation center and loosening of prosthesis were assessed by X-ray. RESULTS:The operation time was 75 to 160 min with anverage of (103.32±18.18) min, the intraoperative blood loss was 150 to 650 ml with an average of (319.64±122.61) ml. There were no neurovascular complications during the operation. All patients were followed up from 2 to 10 years with an average of (5.45±2.50) years. The horizontal distance between the center of femoral head and the Kohler's line was increased from (11.40±1.85) mm preoperatively to (25.99±2.56) mm at the final follow-up(P<0.01), and the vertical distance between the center of femoral head and the line joining bilateral ischial tuberosities was decreased from (89.36±5.20) mm preoperatively to (71.84±3.55) mm at the final follow-up(P<0.01). The range of flexion motion of hip joint increased from (44.43±10.57)° preoperatively to (98.75±12.52)° at the final follow-up(P<0.01), the range of abduction motion of hip joint increased from (12.50 ±6.01)°preoperatively to final follow-up (32.82±5.39)°(P<0.01). The discrepancy of both lower limbs was significantly decreased from (19.39±5.93) mm preoperatively to (6.64±2.87) mm at the final follow-up(P<0.01). The VAS decreased from (5.36±0.78) preoperatively to (1.82±0.86) at the final follow-up(P<0.05), and the Harris score increased from (41.39±7.77) preoperatively to (89.00±4.67) at the final follow-up(P<0.01). All the patients could move independently without assistance. Among them, 2 patients(2 hips) had hip pain after exercise, and 1 patient(1 hip) suffered from periprosthetic fracture due to fall. CONCLUSION:Autologous femoral head granular bone grafting can reconstruct the acetabulum, and restore the rotation center of the hip joint, combined with biological porous tantalum/titanium acetabular cup can achieve good short-and medium-term outcomes in the treatment of moderate to severe acetabular invagination secondary to rheumatoid arthritis.

脊柱是结核分枝杆菌感染累及肺外的常见部位,占骨结核的50％～60％[1].其中,不具有典型临床和影像学表现的病变被称为不典型脊柱结核,约占脊柱结核的2％[2].单椎体结核多表现为椎体内或椎体附件局限性病灶,同时累及椎体和后方结构的溶骨性病变较为少见,由于缺乏特定的临床表现,实验室和影像学检查的结果难以与脊柱肿瘤相鉴别,容易被误诊.病理穿刺作为明确诊断的金标准,也因检出率低,存在一定的局限性.联勤保障部队第940医院2020年6月20日收治1例同时累及椎体及双侧后方结构的不典型腰椎结核患者,治疗效果满意,现将诊疗过程报告如下.

Diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases at present, and insulin pen injection therapy plays an important role in the treatment of diabetes. However, the majority of patients might reuse disposable insulin pen needles for various reasons, which leads to related complications. As far as we know, this article is the first to describe a patient whose needle remained in the right upper limb while reusing a disposable insulin injection needle for subcutaneous insulin injection with the non-dominant hand. The patient went to the doctor 1 week later. The needle moved from the lateral area of the proximal upper arm (the injection site) to the posterolateral area of the distal upper arm. The needle was then successfully removed by surgery. The reuse of disposable insulin pen needles might lead to serious complications. It is suggested to strengthen the education of people living with diabetes to help them use insulin pen needles safely.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of uncemented total hip arthroplasty (THA) in the treatment of end-stage hip disease in young patients under 25 years old.Methods:Patients who were under 25 years of age and received uncemented THA in the Department of Orthopedics of the 940th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA from January 2009 to December 2018 were retrospectively analysed. The exclusion criteria were the patients who were treated with THA for hip tumour or hip infection, less than three years of follow-up, lost in follow-up or with incomplete data. The demographic data of patients were routinely collected and combinations of clinical scores and imaging assessments were used to assess outcomes of the surgery. Following clinical assessment were compared before surgery and at last follow-up after surgery: Harris hip score, Western Ontario & McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index (WOMAC) and Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). Paired sample t test was used for clinical scores. Independent sample t test was used to compare the scores between different liners. Postoperative complications such as infection, revision, dislocation, incisional healing complications, etc. were recorded. Imaging assessment included: pelvic anteroposterior and hip anteroposterior and lateral X-rays for assessment of the position of prosthesis, prosthesis loosening and wear, osteolysis, heterotopic ossification and femoral filling rate. Loosening of acetabular or femoral component or a revision for any reason was defined as failure.Results:A total of 20 patients (27 hips) with a mean age of (21.8±2.3) years were included. There were 16 males (23 hips) and four females (four hips) for 13 left-sided (48.1%) and 14 right-sided (51.9%) uncemented THA. Seven patients underwent bilateral THA and 13 had unilateral THA. Of all patients, the average body mass index (BMI) was (21.3±3.2) kg/m2 and the mean follow-up time was (7.8±2.4) years. During follow-up, one patient had a replacement of prosthetic liner due to infection, and the rest of patients had no THA related complication. Harris score, WOMAC score, the physical component score-SF-36 and the mental component score-SF-36 were significantly improved at the last follow-up compared with the scores before surgery (t=-25.31, 19.47, -10.18, -7.26, all P<0.05). Imaging examinations at the last follow-up showed no significant change in position of prostheses compared with the images right after the surgery, and the range of prosthetic valgus angle was 32° to 58°, at (43±7)° on average. The prosthetic anteversion angle ranged 9° to 26°, on (18±4)° on average. No loosening, wearing, osteolysis or heterotopic ossification occurred. At the final follow-up, an overall survival rate of 96.3% was achieved for the 27 hips.Conclusion:For the patient who are under 25 years of age and with an end-stage hip disease, the uncemented THA can better restore hip functions with a high survival rate, few complication and satisfactory clinical efficacy.

[目的]介绍非股骨短缩截骨全髋置换治疗股骨头颈短缩畸形的手术技术和初步临床效果.[方法]对19例股骨头颈短缩畸形患者采用非股骨短缩截骨全髋置换治疗.手术采用后外侧入路,先切开并松解粘连挛缩的髋关节囊,充分显露髋臼,确定真性髋臼位置并行髋臼成形或再造,安放髋臼假体;适配型号的股骨柄试模置入后安放递增长度的股骨头进行髋关节复位,在保持髋关节张力的情况下触摸髋关节周围挛缩的软组织并依次松解,随后置入适配的股骨柄及股骨头假体,复位髋关节.[结果]19例患者均顺利完成手术.术后均实现髋臼及股骨柄生物性压配与初始稳定,无严重并发症.术后随访6～36个月.术后6个月随访时患者Harris评分为(94.5±4.7)分,临床效果评定:优15例、良4例,优良率100％.术后影像显示所有患者均保持解剖位旋转中心,假体位置良好,术后3个月X线片均示广泛性骨长入,随访期间均未发生脱位、假体柄移位及断裂.[结论]全髋关节置换术不行股骨缩短截骨治疗终末期关节合并股骨头、颈缩短畸形技术可行,短期疗效满意.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of debridement, antibiotics, and implant retention (DAIR) in the treatment of acute infection after total knee arthroplasty.Methods:A retrospective analysis of the joint surgery of the 940th Hospital of the Joint Service Support Force of the Chinese People's Liberation Army from December 1, 2008 to November 30, 2018, was diagnosed with acute prosthetic joint infection (PJI) cases according to the diagnostic criteria of the American Society for Musculoskeletal Infection (MSIS), a total of 26 clinical data of patients with infection after acute knee arthroplasty. All the patients were treated with one-stage thorough debridement, replacement of knee joint polyethylene pads, postoperative wound irrigation and drainage, and adequate treatment with sensitive antibiotics. The pain visual analogue scale (VAS), Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) score of the knee, sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL) -6 before and after the knee surgery were compared by t test.Results:Twenty-six patients were enrolled, three cases were lost during the follow-up, and the follow-up time was (44±28) months. Among them, 17 cases were cured, the infection control rate was 73.9%.The postoperative knee joint VAS score was lower than that before surgery (t=24.815, P<0.05), and the postoperative HSS score was higher than that before surgery (t=41.966, P<0.05). ESR(t=14.140), CRP(t=3.503), and IL-6 (t=2.999)at last follow-up were all lower than those at admission (all P<0.05).Conclusion:Controlling the timing of surgery and the indications for surgery strictly, DAIR can control the acute infections after total knee arthroplasty effectively, restore joint function, and obtain satisfactory clinical results.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of single locked-plate internal fixation combined with autologous iliac bone graft in the treatment of Rorabeck type II periprosthetic distal femural fracture (PDFF) after total knee arthroplasty (TKA).Methods:A retrospective case series study was made on 13 patients suffering from Rorabeck type II PDFF after primary TKA together with severe osteoporosis (T value≤ -2.5 SD) admitted to 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA from January 2016 to December 2020, including 4 males and 9 females, aged 65-85 years [(75.2±6.5)years]. All patients were treated with single locked-plate internal fixation combined with autologous iliac bone graft. Anti-osteoporosis and early standardized joint function rehabilitation were undertaken postoperatively. The operation time and intraoperative blood loss were recorded. The range of motion of knee joint was compared before operation, at postoperative 3, 6 and 12 months and at the last follow-up. The Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) knee score was assessed at postoperative 3, 6 and 12 months and at the last follow-up to evaluate the recovery of knee joint function. The bone mineral density was reexamined at postoperative 6 months and 12 months to evaluate the therapeutic effect of anti-osteoporosis. Complications were detected as well.Results:All patients were followed up for 12-72 months [(43.2±19.9)months]. The operation time was 90-135 minutes [(103.8±12.6)minutes], with the intraoperative blood loss of 100-250 ml [(150.0±45.6)ml]. The range of motion of knee joint was (114.6±7.8)°, (90.4±8.0)°, (97.3±4.8)° and (98.1±6.3)° before operation and at postoperative 3, 6 and 12 months (all P<0.05). The HSS knee score was (80.2±2.2)points, (84.6±2.9)points and (87.3±3.3)points at postoperative 3, 6 and 12 months (all P<0.05). The knee joint function was excellent in 10 patients and good in 3 at postoperative12 months, and the excellent and good rate was 100%. The T value of bone mineral density was (-3.8±0.6)SD, (-3.4±0.6)SD and (-2.9±0.6)SD preoperatively and at postoperative 6 months and 12 months (all P<0.05). One patient experienced nonunion and was cured after secondary autologous iliac bone grafting combined with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) bone grafting. Three patients developed venous thrombosis of lower limbs and were cured with oral administration of rivaroxaban. One patient had mild knee flexion and extension limitation and was improved after manual release under femoral nerve block anesthesia and subsequent functional rehabilitation. Conclusion:For patients with Rorabeck type II PDFF after TKA, single locked-plate internal fixation combined with autologous iliac bone graft has advantages of short operation time, few intraoperative bleeding, satisfactory knee range of motion and functional recovery as well as significant improvement of bone mineral density.

骨海绵状血管瘤是一种临床上常见的良性骨肿瘤,好发于脊椎骨、颅骨、肩胛骨、肋骨、锁骨和骨盆等部位,四肢长骨较少发病;发生于跟骨的骨海绵状血管瘤更为罕见.其病因尚不明确,各个年龄阶段均可发病,与性别无明显相关性;起病隐匿,临床表现及影像学表现多变且无特异性,容易被误诊为骨囊肿、动脉瘤样骨囊肿、骨肉瘤、骨巨细胞瘤等疾病.该患者就被误诊为骨囊肿及动脉瘤样骨囊肿,最后经病理学检查才得以确诊并进行了手术治疗.现报道如下.

BACKGROUND Scedosporium apiospermum (S. apiospermum) is a clinically rare and aggressive fungus mainly found in contaminated water, wetlands, decaying plants, stagnant water, and potted plants in hospitals. The lung, bone, joint, eye, brain, skin, and other sites are easily infected, and there is a marked risk of misdiagnosis. There have been few case reports of infection by S. apiospermum of the lumbar vertebrae; most reports have focused on infection of the lung. CASE SUMMARY An otherwise healthy 60-year-old man presented with a 4-mo history of lumbosacral pain, stooping, and limited walking. The symptoms were significantly aggravated 10 d prior to hospitalization, and radiating pain in the back of his left lower leg developed, which was so severe that he could not walk. Movement of the lumbar spine was significantly limited, anterior flexion was about 30°; backward extension, right and left lateral curvature, and rotational mobility were about 10°; tenderness of the spinous processes of the lumbar 3-5 vertebrae was evident, and the muscle strength of both lower limbs was grade IV. Imaging suggested bony destruction of the lumbar 3, 4, and 5 vertebrae and sacral 1 vertebra; in addition, the corresponding intervertebral spaces were narrowed and the lumbar 5 vertebra was posteriorly displaced and unstable. Lumbar vertebral infection was also noted, and the possibility of lumbar tuberculosis was considered. We first performed surgical intervention on the lesioned lumbar vertebrae, cleared the infected lesion, and performed stable fixation of the lesioned vertebral body using a lumbar internal fixation device, which restored the stability of the lumbar vertebrae. Cytological and pathological examination of the lesioned tissue removed during surgery confirmed S. apiospermum infection of the lumbar vertebrae; on this basis, the patient was administered voriconazole. At the 6-mo follow-up, efficacy was significant, no drug-related side effects were observed, and imaging examination showed no evidence of recurrence. CONCLUSION S. apiospermum infection can occur in immunocompetent individuals with no history of near drowning. Voriconazole is effective for the treatment of S. apiospermum infection of the lumbar vertebrae for which it is suitable as the first-line therapy.

髌骨是人体最大的籽骨,发生于髌骨的肿瘤较为少见,原发性髌骨肿瘤中良性多见,其中骨巨细胞瘤最为常见.骨巨细胞瘤多见于20～40岁,女性多于男性,好发于长骨的干骺端.因髌骨骨巨细胞瘤临床症状多不典型,表现为关节周围疼痛及压痛、关节活动受影响等,因此易被误诊为膝关节疾病.临床工作中诊断该病需要临床表现、影像学和病理资料三结合,治疗以外科手术为主.如何完整切除肿瘤防止复发,仍是治疗髌骨骨巨细胞瘤的重难点.笔者通过回顾性分析本院收住的1例髌骨骨巨细胞瘤患者的临床资料,并查阅国内外相关文献,对髌骨骨巨细胞瘤进行综述.

跟骨骨折术后切口并发症一直是创伤骨科和足踝领域研究的热点,其并发症主要包括切口皮缘坏死、感染、裂开、血肿形成、钢板外露等.这些并发症对患者的术后康复造成了极大的威胁.资历较浅的医生和在基层医院工作的医生对跟骨骨折术后切口并发症的发生及防治大多处于"碎片化"知晓状态,考虑欠全面.本文就跟骨骨折术后切口并发症发生的危险因素及防治策略作一文献回顾,旨在对其全面概述.

目的 利用3D打印技术制备生物活性玻璃/羟基磷灰石骨修复材料,观察复合支架的表面形貌特征,检测其力学性能、孔隙率及降解性能.方法 分别采用生物活性玻璃(BG％)/羟基磷灰石(HA％)为BG0/HA100、BG10/HA90、BG20/HA80、BG30/HA70、BG40/HA60、BG50/HA50、BG100/HA0配比的混合液作为打印墨水,应用Wolfram Mathematica 9.0软件建模后利用3D打印技术制备复合支架.通过扫描电镜观察各组复合支架的外观结构、微观结构,计算支架孔隙率,检测抗压强度,最后进行体外降解实验.结果 将不同配比的各组复合支架进行宏观测量孔径均为500μm;扫描电镜后观察得出配比为BG20/HA80组微观孔隙结构较为均匀;通过EDS测试复合支架表面钙磷比接近正常人体骨组织.通过阿基米德排水法测得,除BG100/HA0组外孔隙率均达到50％以上,符合人工骨修复材料的要求,BG20/HA80组与BG100/HA0组孔隙率差异有统计学意义(t=3.375,P=0.0279);力学分析结果得出,除BG0/HA100组、BG10/HA90组外抗压强度均在2 MPa以上,满足人体松质骨的应力要求;各组进行降解性实验得出,2周后BG20/HA80组的失重率是HA100/BG0组的2.7倍.结论 利用3D打印技术制备BG20/HA80多孔生物活性玻璃/羟基磷灰石支架,孔隙率高,满足人体松质骨抗压性能要求,具有良好的降解性能,具有潜在临床应用价值.

临界尺寸骨缺损的修复具有极大的挑战性.骨组织工程作为骨缺损修复的一种新兴方法存在血管化不足的问题.传统组织工程骨移植物植入缺损后常由于缺乏快速充足的血液供应而坏死.因此,有必要预先在工程骨组织内部构建一个功能性微血管网,该血管网可以在骨移植物植入后通过与宿主血管系统快速吻合来实现工程骨组织快速血液供应.细胞共培养、球体、细胞膜片以及3D打印是体外构建预血管化组织工程骨的常用方法.这些预血管化方法促进了组织工程骨植入后的成活率,为临界尺寸骨缺损的修复带来了新的思路.

腰椎峡部裂是青少年下腰痛的常见病因之一,好发于L5,其次是L4,也可L4和L5同时发病,其他节段较少发病.通常是在先天发育异常或骨质薄弱的基础上,腰椎峡部受到反复应力作用致使峡部疲劳骨折,有学者认为具有一定的遗传倾向.青少年腰椎峡部裂的治疗分为保守治疗和手术治疗两种方法,前者主要包括限制活动、卧床休息、佩戴支具、药物止痛、理疗等方式.后者主要包括峡部修补单椎体内固定+植骨术、椎间融合内固定术及微创手术.本文就青少年腰椎峡部裂的致病因素及治疗进展作一综述.

骨盆是人体结构的重要组成部分,是连接躯干和下肢的重要枢纽.骨盆解剖结构复杂,发生于骨盆及其周围软组织的肿瘤并不少见,占原发骨肿瘤的3％～4％,其中软骨肉瘤最为多见,其次为骨巨细胞瘤、造血系统肿瘤等[1].骨盆也是其他部位肿瘤常见的转移灶[2].手术作为治疗骨盆恶性肿瘤的最主要手段,最早以截肢术为主,随着新辅助化疗、外科技术的发展,目前的共识为应在广泛切除肿瘤的基础上进行保肢手术.骨盆重建术不但可以消除肿瘤病痛,还可以恢复骨盆结构,明显提高患者术后的生活质量.笔者回顾性分析于2016-12诊治的1例骨盆恶性转移瘤患者的临床资料并进行文献回顾,报道如下.

骨巨细胞瘤是一种临床上常见的良性的、局部侵袭性的肿瘤,好发于长骨的干骺端,发生于骨盆的骨巨细胞瘤较为少见.恶性骨巨细胞瘤在临床极少见,相关文献报道也较少.骨盆的恶性骨巨细胞瘤的治疗一直是临床治疗的难点.完整切除肿瘤及有效的骨盆重建是治疗骨盆恶性骨巨细胞瘤最关键的问题之一.笔者通过1例坐骨巨大骨巨细胞瘤复发患者,并结合国内外相关文献,对骨盆恶性骨巨细胞瘤进行综述.

Objective. The core-shell chlorhexidine/amorphous calcium phosphate (CHX/ACP) nanoparticles were synthesized and used to modify the dental resin composite, aiming to improve its remineralized and antibacterial properties. Methods. The core-shell CHX/ACP nanoparticles were synthesized by vesicle-templating technology and characterized, and their sustained release and antibacterial properties were also evaluated. Subsequently, the synthesized nanoparticles were incorporated into the dental resin composite at 1 wt.%, 5 wt.% or 10 wt.% to obtain different experimental groups. The physical properties, including curing depth, double bond conversion rate, water absorption and solubility, the sustained-release effects, and mechanical properties of the modified resin composite were evaluated. The remineralization ability was also measured by SEM. The antibacterial experiment of the modified resin composite with fresh preparation or aging in water for 28 days was carried out by a plate count method. Results. The physical and chemical characterizations showed that the synthesized nanoparticles presented a core-shell structure, and their diameter was about 98.5 nm. The shell was composed of ACP with the core full of CHX. These nanoparticles had a release effect on calcium, phosphate ions, and CHX. The nanoparticles could effectively inhibit the growth of S. mutan at a lower concentration (>= 50 & micro;g/mL). The curing depth, the double bond conversion, the water absorption, the solubility, the flexural strength, the flexural modulus, and the compressive strength of the modified resin composite were 3.86-4.88 mm, 62.32-73.61%, 1.47-2.84%, 0.21 & minus;0.48%, 45.83-109.46 MPa, 2.57-4.91 GPa, and 66.43-160.38 MPa, respectively. The modified resin composite containing 5 wt.% and above CHX/ACP nanoparticles could effectively inhibit the growth of S. mutans regardless of aging in water, with immediate and aging antibacterial rate of more than 92%. In addition, the modified resin composite had a certain remineralization property in the SBF solution verified by SEM. Significance. The core-shell CHX/ACP nanoparticles were successfully prepared and used to modify the resin composite. The modified dental resin composite with 5 wt.% CHX/ACP nanoparticles had excellent mechanical, antibacterial, and remineralization properties. It is expected to be an ideal restorative filling material for clinical application. (c) 2021 The Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

患者,男,21岁,因"无明显诱因出现左小腿下段间歇性疼痛4年余"入院。患者于4年前长时间站立后出现左小腿下段疼痛,当时未行治疗,后症状逐渐加重,就诊于当地医院,行X线、MRI等检查,当时考虑病变较小,建议定期复查。2018年2月26日患者在剧烈运动后疼痛加重就诊我院。入院查体:左小腿远端前内侧压痛阳性,未触及肿块,局部皮肤无红肿、发热、破溃等异常,肢体远端足趾颜色红润、毛细血管反应良好,足背动脉可扪及。

原始神经外胚层肿瘤(primitive neuroectodermal tumours,PNETs)是一种起源于原始神经管胚基细胞的未分化小圆细胞恶性肿瘤,由Hart等[1]于1973年首先描述其概念,PNETs主要发生于10～20岁的青少年,男性略多于女性.其可分为两种类型:中枢型 PNETs(central nervous system PNETs,cPNETs)和周围型 PNETs(peripheral PNETs,pPNETs).周围型原始神经外胚层肿瘤临床少见,发生于胸段椎管内的更是少见,近期本院收治1例胸段椎管内pPNETs,在外院及本院误诊为椎管内结核感染,现将病史资料及诊疗过程报道如下,以提高对PNETs的认识,减少误诊率,提高诊断及治疗水平.

Objective:To review the research progress of in vivo bioreactor (IVB) for bone tissue engineering in order to provide reference for its future research direction.Methods:The literature related to IVB used in bone tissue engineering in recent years was reviewed, and the principles of IVB construction, tissue types, sites, and methods of IVB construction, as well as the advantages of IVB used in bone tissue engineering were summarized.Results:IVB takes advantage of the body's ability to regenerate itself, using the body as a bioreactor to regenerate new tissues or organs at injured sites or at ectopic sites that can support the regeneration of new tissues. IVB can be constructed by tissue flap (subcutaneous pocket, muscle flap/pocket, fascia flap, periosteum flap, omentum flap/abdominal cavity) and axial vascular pedicle (axial vascular bundle, arteriovenous loop) alone or jointly. IVB is used to prefabricate vascularized tissue engineered bone that matched the shape and size of the defect. The prefabricated vascularized tissue engineered bone can be used as bone graft, pedicled bone flap, or free bone flap to repair bone defect. IVB solves the problem of insufficient vascularization in traditional bone tissue engineering to a certain extent.Conclusion:IVB is a promising method for vascularized tissue engineered bone prefabrication and subsequent bone defect reconstruction, with unique advantages in the repair of large complex bone defects. However, the complexity of IVB construction and surgical complications hinder the clinical application of IVB. Researchers should aim to develop a simple, safe, and efficient IVB.