军民融合正处于由初级阶段向深度融合阶段过渡的关键时期.创新是推动军民融合发展、促进两用技术以及产业升级的重要手段.而政府补贴手段在军民融合创新活动中能否带来企业绩效的提高还有待验证.因此,有必要对军民融合上市公司的政府补贴、创新异质性以及企业发展之间关系展开研究,结果显示:(1)政府补贴对军民融合企业创新投入和创新产出有显著正向影响.(2)政府补贴在研究型创新活动中支持效果较好,而在开发型创新活动中则不显著.(3)在创新投入和创新产出方面,国有企业要好于民营企业;而在企业绩效方面则相反.(4)政府补贴对企业绩效影响从高到低传导渠道依次为:研究型创新投入、创新产出、开发型创新投入.因此,通过体制机制改革、破除企业性质壁垒、提高成果转换率等方式提高政府补贴的影响效果,对促进中国军民融合创新发展至关重要.

军民融合技术创新效率是衡量军民融合创新水平的一项重要指标.由于军转民数据不可得,所以本文从民参军角度,以2010-2017年中国27个省国防专利申请数量以及影响因素的面板数据为研究对象,应用随机前沿超越对数生产函数模型,测算了各省军民融合研发创新效率,并分析了企业、高校和科研机构等研发直接主体,以及政府、金融机构等研发间接主体对创新效率的影响.研究发现,中国各省军民融合创新效率偏低,仍有很大进步空间.政府、高校、科研机构对创新效率有显著正影响,而金融机构对创新效率影响不显著,军民融合协同创新体系有待进一步完善.

科技中介服务体系是影响科技创新能力的关键因素.新常态下我国科技中介服务体系建设主要存在发展极不均衡、孵化机制不完善、人才机制不健全和科技资金政策不到位的问题.只有借鉴和参考发达国家发展科技中介服务体系的经验,完善科技中介法律法规、加强标准化市场运作机制、扶植技术转化专业机构发展,并将标准化工作贯穿于其中,才能促进我国科技中介服务体系更好地建设和发展.

航空工业技术创新是我国实现强国梦想的重要举措之一,通过分析我国航空工业技术创新现状,针对2000-2012年中国航空产业数据,基于知识生产函数对人才投入和技术创新投入两方面,分析了对我国民用航空工业中的研发投入及产出关系,具体讨论了我国航空工业技术创新的各个投入要素对新产品产值的影响程度,并结合实证分析,提出了相应政策建议.

在一个具有研发学习效应的国际寡头框架下,本文将动态不一致、研发学习效应引入到一个两时期四阶段的离散模型中,考察政府与厂商预先承诺能力的差异对产业战略性研发政策的影响.结果表明:完全预先承诺均衡情形下,研发政策纯粹表现为租金转移的激励;仅政府预先承诺均衡情形下,本国厂商为了获得第二期研发优势,第一期将选择过度研发,由此研发政策将包含一项课税激励;序贯均衡情形下,本国厂商为了获得更多的第二期补贴,第一期研发投资更为过度,由此进一步增强了研发政策中的课税激励.

军民融合的不断推进对军用标准化改革提出了新的更高的要求,对军品质量和国防科技工业发展也产生了深远影响.从建立内生经济增长模型入手,用标准强度来研究军用标准化改革与军民融合发展之间的关系,有助于在一个统一的框架下来设计科学合理的军用标准化制度,以发挥其在技术进步、资源配置和国防科技工业发展方面的杠杆、调节和导向作用.军用标准最优强度与相对资本密集度紧密相关,只有提高相对资本密集度,军工企业才能在军民融合的过程中又好又快发展.

LCC control is one of the most important facts in enhancing the competitiveness of commercial airplanes.In the past,China’s airplanes researching and manufacturing (R&M)relied on the “Military R&M Government Purchase”model.LCC management and assessment was lacking of scientific evidence.The article according to the commercial aircraft R&Mexperience of Boeing and Airbus,as well as considering China’s conditions,advances the LCC assessment index system of China’s commercial big airplanes.Hopefully,the article could be useful for R&Mof China’s commercial big airplanes in its development.

在借鉴生命周期理论的基础上,从国防合同管理涵盖的流程角度构建了国防合同的生命周期理论,将其划分为策划期、谈判期、实施期和终止期4个阶段,并详细介绍了每一阶段的重点管理工作及相应配套措施,以提高国防合同的管理水平,确保国防合同的实施和军队安全利益的实现.

尽管中美国防科研在投资主体、投资结构等方面存在较大差异,但都认为,国防投入对经济增长具有重要的促进作用。而美国在完善法制的前提下,实行投资主体多元、投资结构"企业主导"的模式,为其提高军民科技水平、社会劳动生产力、降低生产成本带来了巨大的综合效益。这说明,建立健全法律制度并创造良好的法制环境、制定并实施高新技术投资军民融合规划计划、培养军民融合型国防投融资科研主体,对提高国防科研投资的军事效益和经济效益具有重要意义。

文章采用随机前沿生产函数方法（SFA）对1995-2011年航空航天产业技术效率进行了具体测算，并对地区特征、人力资本素质、研发投入、企业规模及制度等影响因素进行了具体分析，结果表明产业整体技术效率水平不高，各年技术效率呈波动性增长，呈现出东强西弱的局面，人力资本素质、企业规模及制度因素对产业具有积极的促进作用，适当提升有助于提高产业技术效率；研发投入显示出消极影响，故应对国防科研体制进行改革和调整。

Science and Technology Micro-enterprise is an important part of our national economy,and the financing difficulties is a major factor restricting its healthy and rapid development.The conduction of government macroeconomic adjustment policy,the regulation on interest rates and enters is the main reason to cause the financing difficulty of Science and Technology Micro-enterprise.Gradually relax the government intervention in the financial markets,clear the border of the government,market,enterprise,improves science and technology small micro enterprise own comprehensive quality,perfect related laws and regulations system and effective policy support is the basic outlet of solving the difficult of science and technology micro enterprise's financing problem.

我国国防工业融资机制经历了以单一财政拨款、国有银行贷款为主和市场多元化方式3个阶段.当前,融资机制存在融资主体较为单一、资金利用效率低下等问题,主要原因是现有融资机制在激励、投资制约和保障机制方面还不完善.应发挥市场配置资源的基础作用,按照国防工业投资项目涉密程度和武器装备全寿命周期不同阶段采用不同的融资手段.

军事威胁形态与军事防御能力建构紧密相关,而这两个方面都会影响国防预算。分析2001年～2009年世界167个国家外部威胁、区域冲突对国防开支的影响发现:威胁来自海上的国家其国防开支需求会高于威胁来自陆上的国家;军事防御能力中的武器装备、军种结构对国防开支有正向影响;军事防御能力与威胁形态交互项对国防开支规模具有正向影响(未通过检验)。这表明大部分国家在建构军事防御能力时没有考虑国家的威胁形态,没有根据国家的地理特性配置适合的军种。事实上,区域冲突会使威胁形态与军事防御能力的关系更为紧密,从而使国防开支尤其是受陆上威胁国家的国防开支显著增加。

Defense expenditure is a very important component of finance expenditure so it becomesvital subject to improve the efficiency of defense expenditure. The paper evaluates the efficiencyof defense expenditure of 31 countries around China in 2010 by DEA model based on detense output function. Empirical results are as follows. 1） the inefficiency of defense expenditure is dueto lack of pure technique efficiency; 2） the efficiency value of defense expenditure has reversed relationship with income level; 3） whatever income the country draws, the efficiency value ofnavy output is still not high. According to empirical results, the paper gives suggestions ior improvement of the efficiency of defense expenditure.

Technological innovation of military and civilian union is an important component of national systems of innovation.And it is an important way to balance economic development and national defense.The research objects of this paper are military enterprises and civil enterprises.Based on the assumption of bounded rationality,we construct a model of evolutionary game of cooperation mechanism of technological Innovation of Military and civilian union,and analyze the evolutionarily stable strategies of technological innovation of military and civilian union.The results show that expected rate of return and techmological input from both sides have positive effects on collaborative innovation,while information communication cost,innovation risk and technology transformation cost have reverst effects.Finally,we make policy proposals to promote technological innovation of military and civilian union.

文章建立了军工企业进入民品市场下与民营企业之间的竞争均衡模型,探讨了成本变化对各自均衡需求数量的影响,并对军工企业选择进入民品市场的时机与领域提出了相应的建议。

文章较详细的分析了国防费所具有的性质与职能。国防费支出对于一国经济增长一般有正、负两个方面的效应,如果处理得当,利用国防费杠杆使得经济增长的正向效应占主导地位。合理地掌握它,建立巩固的国防体系可以保障国家安全和经济发展,调节社会总供给与总需求的均衡关系,推动科学技术的研究与开发,拉动就业,促进经济增长等一系列效应。

The construction of civil-military integration of the logistics support system is not only the important guarantee for national emergency response to major natural disasters and other emergencies,but also the requirement of the future development of the military logistics.U.S.military logistics system has taken a number of strategic initiatives to enhance the support capability of military logistics and has gained many successful experiences.China should learn the experience of U.S.military logistics and inaugurate the practice mode of integration of military and civilian emergency logistics to improve the construction of emergency logistics system of Civil-military integration in China in terms of the platforms of information resource,standards,regulations,material reserve system

The relationship between technological innovation and institutional innovation must be understood in order to construct military and civilian national innovation system.Relatively stable in the community stage of development, institutional environment is relatively mature,technological innovation is more important than institutional innovation;the more intense period of social change,in particular,China is in the old system during the transition period,systematic innovation is more urgent.Technological innovation should be promoted through a series of innovation and change of military and civilian competitive markets system and property system structure

With evolutionary game theory,study the dynamic evolution of resource sharing of military and civilian union which is based on the assumption of bounded rationality.Long-run equilibrium of dynamic evolution is related to resource sharing bilateral payoff matrix and original state.Total scale of resource sharing and expected yield have positive effects on equilibrium outcomes,while opportunity rate of return and input cost have negative effects on equilibrium outcomes.Probability of resource sharing of military and civilian union is maximum when proportion of return distribution is optimal.Make policy proposals to promote resource-sharing mechanism of military and civilian union.