Objective:To compare the self-evaluated learning behavior and achievement of eight-year-program clinical medical students on online and offline problem-based learning (PBL), and to provide references and suggestions for successful implementation of online PBL teaching.Methods:During the three semesters of September 2020 to January 2022, a survey was performed on 100 clinical medical students of 2018 eight-year program on online or offline PBL teaching in Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University. At the end of PBL courses, the students received questionnaires to self-assess their learning behavior and achievement in online or offline PBL teaching. The data were analyzed using the paired rank sum test with the use of SPSS 26.0.Results:Before class, there were no significant differences in learning behaviors including preparation time, communication with classmates, and materials collecting and sorting between students on online and offline PBL teaching ( P>0.05). In class, no significant differences were found in students' initiative of speaking and degree of satisfaction with classmates' speaking between online and offline teaching ( P>0.05), but the students on offline teaching showed significantly better concentration of attention ( Z=-4.24, P<0.001), listening to classmates' speeches ( Z=-3.42, P=0.001), and classmates' interaction ( Z=-3.11, P=0.002) compared with those on online teaching. No significant differences were observed between online and offline PBL teaching in students' self-evaluated learning achievements including improvements in autonomous learning ability, problem-solving ability, and literature inquiry skills ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Students on online PBL teaching have generally as good pre-class preparation and in-class learning performance as those on offline PBL teaching, indicating that the online PBL mode can be well implemented, and it can also ensure almost the same learning achievement as offline teaching.

医学科研设计是医学研究生重要的专业基础课程.文章围绕医学科研设计的教学内容凝炼出敬畏生命的人文精神、学术诚信的底线意识、勇攀科学高峰的使命担当三条课程思政主线,并以中国科学家首次人工合成胰岛素的创新过程为例介绍如何深度挖掘思政元素,通过将蕴含思政元素的科学研究案例融入课堂讲授、慕课和微信推送、在线讨论及考试试题中,构建线上线下相结合的、将课程思政覆盖医学科研设计教学全过程的有效路径.

为了解中南大学湘雅医学院医学生对实验动物伦理认知态度的变化和实验动物伦理教育成效,进一步加强实验动物伦理教育提供新的启示,分别于 2011 年和 2021 年采用相同的自编问卷对中南大学湘雅医学院医学生进行实验动物伦理认知态度调查.回收的调查问卷分别为 359 份和 363 份,通过对比分析十年前后的问卷结果发现,医学生动物实验操作和对实验动物态度、对实验动物伦理知识认知及实验动物伦理教育态度均有显著提高.说明近十年来中南大学湘雅医学院医学生的实验动物伦理认知的态度得到显著提升,但医学生对实验动物伦理知识的认知高于关爱实验动物的实际行为,存在部分"知行分离"现象,实验动物伦理教育更需关注学生关爱实验动物的行为的养成.

为调查医学硕士研究生新生批判性思维能力的现状,文章采用加利福尼亚批判性思维倾向量表(CTDI-CV)制成问卷进行评估,发现硕士研究生新生总体表现为正性批判性思维能力,但在探索知识的态度、分析和处理问题的能力以及自信心等方面都有待提高.在研究生培养阶段,导师应重视学生的自主思考和探索,对研究生教学模式与方法及评价方式进行探索与改革,切实提高研究生的批判性思维能力.

"三有动物"中华蟾蜍被广泛应用于医学教学实验及科学研究,且具有重要的药用价值.社会上对蟾蜍的需求日益增长与蟾蜍资源不足相矛盾.文章就国家野生动物保护法及中华蟾蜍的资源现状进行简述,对生理学实验中华蟾蜍替代策略的研究进行综述并提出思考,呼吁高校生理学教学实验采用牛蛙替代中华蟾蜍,以减少蟾蜍资源的消耗,同时加强对医学生野生动物保护意识及相关法律知识的教育,是开展生理学课程思政教育的重要融入路径.

目的:调查分析学生在讨论中的学习偏好和投入度.方法:中南大学湘雅医学院2017级临床医学专业110名学生匿名填写问卷.结果:学生在讨论中表现良好,大多数学生偏好无PPT讨论,偏好自己主持讨论,教师发挥启发引导作用.结论:教师应结合教学目标与课程内容灵活选用讨论形式,引导学生独立解决问题,培养学生自主学习能力.

在获得生理学国家级精品在线开放课程(慕课)的基础上,针对生理学传统课堂教学存在的困境,积极探索以优质线上教学资源开展基于翻转课堂的混合式教学模式和线上线下混合式一流课程建设,通过促进小组讨论式教学、强化学习过程的考核、推进课程思政,成功建设国家级线上线下混合式一流课程.

为加强医学生医学人文素养的培养,中南大学基础医学院开设了基础医学简史选修课.文章主要介绍了基础医学简史课程的教学目标、教学实施过程和学生的学习体验,并就课程开设的意义和学生喜爱的教学形式进行了进一步思考,以期为我国同类课程的开设提供可借鉴的经验.

目的:探讨甲基转移酶样蛋白9(Mettl9)基因过表达对氧糖剥夺(OGD)大鼠离体星形胶质细胞损伤的影响及机制.方法:体外原代培养SD大鼠大脑皮层星形胶质细胞,建立OGD诱导的星形胶质细胞损伤模型.实验分为正常对照(Con)组、慢病毒空载体转染(NC)组、慢病毒重组载体pLenti6.3-Mettl9转染组(Mettl9组)、正常对照+OGD处理(Con+OGD)组、慢病毒空载体转染+OGD处理(NC+OGD)组及慢病毒重组载体pLenti6.3-Mettl9+OGD处理(Mettl9+OGD)组.慢病毒载体pLenti6.3-Mettl9转染后48 h,收集细胞,采用RT-qPCR及Western blot法检测Mettl9的表达以验证转染效率.采用MTT法检测各组细胞活力;以乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)漏出率作为细胞损伤指标;RT-qPCR法检测Bcl-2和Bax的mRNA表达;Western blot法检测Bcl-2和Bax的蛋白表达.结果:慢病毒载体pLenti6.3-Mettl9转染星形胶质细胞后,RT-qPCR及Western blot检测结果显示Mettl9的mRNA和蛋白表达水平均升高(P<0.05),获得了Mettl9基因过表达的星形胶质细胞.与Con组比较,Mettl9组星形胶质细胞的LDH漏出率升高,细胞活力下降(P<0.05),促凋亡蛋白Bax的mRNA及蛋白表达升高,而抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2的mRNA及蛋白表达降低(P<0.05).与Con+OGD组比较,Mettl9+OGD组星形胶质细胞的LDH漏出率显著升高,细胞活力显著下降(P<0.05),Bax的mRNA及蛋白表达显著升高,而Bcl-2的mRNA和蛋白表达显著降低(P<0.05).结论:Mettl9基因过表达促进OGD大鼠离体星形胶质细胞损伤,其机制可能与调控Bcl-2/Bax信号通路有关.

为调查中南大学硕士研究生新生对医学科研基本知识的了解程度,以便有针对性地开展教学.通过自行设计调查问卷,发现硕士研究生新生对医学科研基本知识有一定程度的了解,但对医学科研基本实验方法和基本研究策略的了解程度相对较低.本科毕业的高校类型是影响新生了解医学科研基本知识、基本实验方法和基本研究策略的重要因素.因此,研究生医学科研设计的教学中应结合学生对科研基本知识的实际掌握情况,特别关注医学科研基本实验方法和基本研究策略,有针对性地开展教学,不断提高医学科研设计的教学质量.

在高校积极开展创新创业教育的背景下如何在创新训练中开展课程思政是一个尚需进一步加强探索的领域.文章首先分析了大学生基础医学课外科研活动的特点,在此基础上提出在大学生基础医学创新训练中要注重强化医学人文精神、培养严谨科学态度、增强规则意识,划定学术诚信底线、加强培养战胜失败的勇气,并一步提出,基础医学创新训练中开展课程思政是弘扬新时代科学家精神的有效途径,也对于激发学生热爱科学研究的伟大志向有着重要意义.

Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, and autophagy may be involved in the pathological process of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an endogenous gasotransmitter with protective effects against multiple diseases. Here, we tested the effect of H2S on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), an H2S donor, improved neurological function and reduced the size of the infarcts induced by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) followed by reperfusion in rats. NaHS treatment reduced the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in the serum (a marker of cellular membrane integrity) and the expression of cleaved caspase-3 (a marker for apoptosis) in the brains of MCAO rats. We also found that autophagy was overactivated in the brains of MCAO rats, as indicated by an increased ratio of LC3 II to I, decreased expression of p62, and transmission electron microscope detection. NaHS treatment significantly inhibited the autophagic activity in the brains of MCAO rats. Furthermore, PC12 cells were subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) to mimic MCAO in vitro. We found that NaHS treatment reduced cellular injury and suppressed overactivated autophagy induced by OGD/R in PC12 cells. An autophagy stimulator (rapamycin) eliminated the protective effect of NaHS against LDH release and caspase-3 activity induced by OGD/R in PC12 cells. An autophagy inhibitor (3-methyladenine, 3-MA) also reduced the cellular injury induced by OGD/R in PC12 cells. In conclusion, the results indicate that overactivated autophagy accelerates cellular injury after MCAO in rats and that exogenous H2S attenuates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury via suppressing overactivated autophagy in rats.

Chemotherapy is a standard strategy for glioma, while chemoresistance remains a major therapeutic challenge in current clinical practice. Our present study was aimed to determine whether inhibition of the miR-223/paired box 6 (PAX6) pathway could increase the sensitivity of glioma to Temozolomide. An elevated level of miR-223 was observed in glioma tissues. Exogenous miR-223 promoted cell survival when exposed to Temozolomide (TMZ), while miR-223 inhibition could reverse this process. The RNA and protein levels of PAX6 were significantly decreased by exogenous miR-223, and the 3'-untranslated region of PAX6 was shown to be a target of miR-223. Besides, it has also been reported that PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is pivotal to regulate glioma growth and proliferation. In the present study, we revealed that miR-223/PAX6 axis regulated the growth, invasion, and chemo resistance of glioblastoma stem cells to TMZ via regulating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, which present a novel potential therapy for intervention of glioblastoma. Taken together, our findings shed new light on the miR-223/PAX6 pathway in glioma and this pathway might modulate the sensitivity of glioma to TMZ via regulating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 3452-3461, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Objective:To identify the regulation of miR-223 to PAX6 gene 3′-UTR in glioblastoma cells.Methods:Bioinformatics software was applied to predict the PAX6 3′-UTR targeting miRNAs.The wild type and mutation type of PAX6 gene 3′-UTR luciferase vectors were constructed respectively.The dual luciferase assay system was used to detect the reporter activity followed by co-transfecting the luciferase vector constructed and miR-223 mimics into U25 1 cells. Results:Bioinformatics software prediction results showed that PAX6 may be a target of miR-223.The luciferase assay re-vealed that miR-223 mimics could significantly decrease the luciferase activity of wild type PAX6 3′-UTR plasmid,com-pared with the wild type and mutation plasmid transfection group,respectively.Conclusion:miR-223 could negatively target and regulate the activity of PAX6 gene 3′-UTR.

Investigators selected students who had finished physiology course using the second edition of textbook for long-term medical program.A questionnaire about its content organizations as well as overall compiling condition was designed.Investigators collected the feedback information from the 94 available questionnaires.Meanwhile,some contributive suggestions were provided for the compiling of the whole series of long-term medical program textbooks.

Objective: The Mettl9 gene of rat was cloned and its lentiviral expression vector was constructed in order to investigate the function of Mettl9 gene.Methods:Total RNA from the primary cultured rat astrocytes was extracted.Then the Mettl9 cDNA was amplified by RT-PCR and cloned into the pGEM-T vector.After confirmed by sequencing,Mettl9 gene was subcloned into lentiviral vector pLenti6.3-MCS-IRES-EGFP,sequenced and transfected into 293T cells for virus wraps using lipofectamine 2000.To verify the efficiency of the vector,U251 cells were infected with it and Mettl9 gene expression was observed under the fluorescence microscope.Results:Mettl9 cDNA amplified product by RT-PCR is 954 bp,and its pGEM-T vector sequencing was numbered HQ898855 from GenBank.Lentiviral vector pLenti6.3-Mettl9-IRES-EGFP was packaged in 293T cells,and the lentiviral virus titer was measured up to 1.825×108 TU/mL.Green fluorescence can be found in U251 cells infected with this Lentiviral vector under fluorescence microscope.Conclusion: We successfully cloned Mettl9 gene from SD rats and constructed the lentiviral expression vector pLenti6.3-Mettl9-IRES-EGFP.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of maslinic acid preconditioning against injuries of rat cortical neurons induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD).METHODS:The cortical neurons were isolated from Sprague-Dawley rat embryos at 15-17 days of gestation for primary culture. The cortical neurons were incubated with different concentrations (0.1, 1, and 10 micro;mol/L) of maslinic acid prior to OGD. The cell damage and viability were evaluated for lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage and using MTT assay, respectively, and the expression of Bax protein was detected using Western blotting.RESULTS:OGD significantly increased LDH release rate and decreased the viability of the cells. After preconditioning with maslinic acid (1 and 10 micro;mol/L), LDH leakage rate was decreased and cell the viability increased in cells exposed to OGD. Western blotting showed that Bax expression in the cells decreased as maslinic acid concentrations increased.CONCLUSION:Pretreatment with maslinic acid can protect cultured embryonic rat cortical neurons against OGD-induced injury possibly in relation to decreased expression of Bax.

PURPOSE:To explore the impact of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase polymorphisms (UGT1A9-118(dT) 9/10 , UGT1A9 CI399T, UGT1A9 C-440T and UGT2B7 G211T) on the pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid (MPA) in healthy Chinese volunteers.METHODS:We recruited ten healthy volunteers with no polymorphisms (control group), 11 homozygotes of mutants UGT1A9 CI399T and UGT1A9-118(dT) 9/10 , ten heterozygotes of UGT1A9 C440T and seven carriers of UGT2B7 211T from a total of 518 healthy Chinese volunteers. All the volunteers were orally administered a single dose of 1.5 g mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) after an overnight fast. Plasma was then collected 72 h after MMF administration. MPA, MPA-7-O-glucuronide (MPAG) and its acylglucuronide (AcMPAG) were detected by ultra-pressure liquid chromatography with UV detection.RESULTS:Compared with the control group, the UGT1A9 CI399T and UGT1A9-118(dT) 9/10 mutant homozygotes had higher MPAG plasma concentrations. Subjects with UGT1A9-440TC had enhanced MPA exposure while carriers of UGT2B7 211T had higher concentrations of the toxic metabolite, AcMPAG.CONCLUSIONS:The current results indicate that UGT1A9 and UGT2B7 genotypes could significantly alter MPA pharmacokinetics in healthy Chinese volunteers after a single oral dose of MMF.

通过对湖南某医学院在校学生进行问卷调查,了解医学生对实验动物伦理的认识和看法,探讨医学院校如何加强实验动物伦理教育；发挥学生主观能动性,尝试成立学生实验动物伦理委员会,努力培养医学生医德素养,为更加科学合理地开展动物实验寻求有效途径.

Objective To explore the teaching effects of physiology lectures and students' attitude to lectures,their suggestions for contents,forms and other aspects of lectures.Methods Random sampling questionnaire survey was conducted among 500 students of 2008 grade and 2009 grade in Xiangya medical school of central south university.The percentage of the option in the questionnaire was calculated and the findings were directly described.Results All students thought that physiology lectures were necessary.Teachers should arrange lectures which students were interested in,pay attention to inspire thinking and enhance teacher-student interaction.67.6％ of students thought that the knowledge learned from lectures can be used in expanding scientific thinking.Conclusions The lectures are popular among most students,playing an important role in cultivating students' ability of strict scientific thinking.