Well-defined PtCuAg@PtCu core-shell nanodendrites featuring a Ag-enriched core and a PtCu-rich shell were synthesized via a one-pot route, delivering a mass activity of 25.26 A mgPt-1 for alkaline methanol oxidation. In situ electrochemical infrared spectroscopy revealed earlier CO2 formation and suppressed HCOO- accumulation, affording 86.5% CO2 selectivity at 0.80 V.

The development of efficient CH3Cl-to-C2H3Cl catalysts remains challenging due to the poor dispersion of Na2WO4 at high loadings, which limits catalytic performance. This study addresses this issue by employing silicon carbide (SiC) as a support, which undergoes an in situ phase transformation to α-cristobalite during calcination, effectively enhancing Na2WO4 dispersion even at 35 wt% loading. The resulting catalyst achieved a vinyl chloride selectivity of 35.1% and a yield of 31.4% at 700 °C, significantly outperforming conventional Na2WO4/SiO2 catalysts synthesized with α-cristobalite. These findings highlight the importance of support-mediated phase transformations in designing high-performance MCTV catalysts, offering a sustainable pathway for VCM production.

Respiratory viruses pose a persistent threat to human health, demanding effective strategies to block airborne transmission at the individual protection level. Traditional personal protective materials often lack intrinsic virucidal activity or suffer from cytotoxicity, failing to address the risk of secondary transmission. Herein, we highlight an H-type zeolite (H-Zeo) as a cost-effective, biocompatible, and inorganic antibody-mimetic inhibitor that efficiently inactivates SARS-CoV-2. The core antiviral mechanism relies on E340-targeted zeolite-protein biorecognition (ZPB): surface-localized H+ ions of H-Zeo form stable coordination bonds with the E340 residue of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor-binding domain (RBD), with an interaction energy (-1080.2 ± 66.7 kJ·mol-1) far exceeding that of the RBD-angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) interaction (-570.7 ± 69.4 kJ·mol-1). This strong competitive binding potently blocks the RBD-ACE2 protein-protein interaction, the initial step of viral entry into host cells. Based on this mechanism, we developed an H-Zeo-based antiviral gauze (H-ZG) for personal protection, which achieves >99.99% inactivation of authentic SARS-CoV-2. Notably, H-Zeo maintains >90% cell viability across all tested concentrations, overcoming the cytotoxicity limitations of metal-exchanged zeolites (e.g., Cu-zeolite). As a low-cost, scalable, and biocompatible material, H-Zeo provides a practical solution for mitigating airborne SARS-CoV-2 transmission, with broad potential for application in personal protective equipment and public health interventions.

Supported cluster catalysts, pivotal for bridging homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis, represent a cutting-edge field driven by their distinctive size and interfacial properties. Departing from conventional reviews, this work redefines and expands the conceptual scope of “supported cluster catalysts” by integrating sub-nanometer metal clusters, metal oxide clusters, polyoxometalate clusters, and metal salt clusters into a coherent and updated classification framework. We critically evaluate a diverse synthesis landscape, spanning from precise vapor-phase deposition to scalable wet-chemical approaches, that achieve atomic-level precision. Concurrently, we assess the synergy of advanced in-situ microscopy and spectroscopy for probing the dynamic structural evolution of clusters under working conditions. By elucidating the fundamental structure-performance relationships, this review provides a refreshed theoretical roadmap for the rational design of high-performance catalysts and, moreover, highlights the emergent challenges and future directions in precision synthesis, operando characterization, and industrial implementation within this broadened paradigm.

The selective hydrogenation of CO2 to either CH4 or CO is a pivotal reaction for sustainable chemical synthesis, yet controlling product selectivity remains challenging. Although Ru-based catalysts are highly active for CO2 methanation, their selectivity to CO is typically low. Herein, we demonstrate that gallium oxide (GaOx) serves as an efficient promoter for Ru/Al2O3 catalysts, switching the dominant product in ambient-pressure CO2 hydrogenation from similar to 98% CH4 to similar to 92% CO. Comprehensive characterization reveals that GaOx engages in a strong electronic metal-support interaction with Ru, which facilitates electron transfer from Ru to Ga, generating electron-deficient Ru sites that weaken CO adsorption. In situ DRIFTS further demonstrates that Ga redirects the reaction pathway from a dual mechanism favoring CH4 formation on Ru/Al2O3 to a selective route producing CO via formate intermediate decomposition. This work provides fundamental insights into how oxide promoters can steer reaction pathways through electronic effects and offers a rational strategy for designing selective CO2 hydrogenation catalysts.

The structural configuration and interfacial interaction strength of CeCu solid solutions constitute pivotal determinants of low-temperature activity in CeCu catalysts. Herein, we systematically regulated CeCu solid solution formation and evaluated the resulting toluene oxidation performance. CeCu-CP, synthesized via co-precipitation, demonstrated superior catalytic activity (T90 = 204 ℃), surpassing counterpart catalysts by 10-30 ℃. The homogeneous CeCu solution formation attenuated CeO2 crystallinity, expanded specific surface area (101 m2/g) and diminished crystallite dimensions (6.93 nm), which collectively generating abundant active sites for toluene oxidation. Concomitantly, strengthened CeCu interfacial interaction promoted oxygen vacancy formation, enhanced low-temperature reduction capability, and activated lattice oxygen species. In situ DRIFTS analysis corroborated accelerated toluene to benzoic acid conversion over CeCu-CP, attesting to its outstanding catalytic efficiency. These findings establish a rational design strategy for boosting low-temperature VOCs oxidation activity in non-noble metal bimetallic systems.

Phase transition of SiC support to cristobalite induces dispersed Na 2 WO 4 catalysts for efficient CH 3 Cl-to-C 2 H 3 Cl conversion.

A triazine-functionalized donor–π–acceptor covalent organic framework (OPV-TAPT-COF) enables efficient H 2 O 2 production in pure water without sacrificial agents, via enhanced π-conjugation and charge separation for superior photocatalytic activity.

Efforts to improve the survival rates of patients with severe hemorrhage are highly dependent on hemostatic materials to achieve rapid and timely hemostasis. Zeolites have demonstrated their superb procoagulant properties and been made into various forms of commercial hemostatic dressings, including zeolite granules, zeolite-cotton gauze, and zeolite-cotton balls. In this work, a zeolite-polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composite sponge was fabricated without using any additional organic binders via an in situ hydrothermal synthesis method. This spongiform zeolite-based hemostatic material conforms well to irregular wound surfaces and provides sustained pressure on the entire surface, making it more applicable to hemostasis of wounds with irregular concave-convex surfaces compared with current zeolite hemostatic materials. In a rabbit model of lethal massive hemorrhage, the hemostasis time of the zeolite-PVA group (195 s) was significantly shorter than that of the reference cotton gauze group (307 s). And the blood loss in the zeolite-PVA group (13.0 g) was approximately half of that in the cotton gauze group (23.8 g). Consequently, the zeolite-PVA group achieved 100% survival rate in this severe hemorrhage model, while the survival rate in the cotton gauze group was only 75%. This new zeolite-based hemostatic material expands the practical usage of zeolite composite materials and provides a promising solution for massive hemorrhage control in pre-hospital trauma treatment.

Boron-based materials are promising catalysts for the oxidative dehydrogenation of propane (ODHP) but face a challenge in retaining the stability of BO x species against hydrolytic leaching. Herein, we developed a boron-based catalyst possessing graded BO x /LaB x O y /LaB3O6 multi-interfaces derived from LaB6 via a controlled surface oxidation. Multiple characterizations revealed that the active BO x -La species were hosted within the BO x /LaB x O y /LaB3O6 multi-interfaces, where significant charge transfer between B and La evidenced a strong bonding interaction between outer-layer BO x species and La species. The catalyst exhibited an olefin selectivity of 94.9% with 25.9% propane conversion at 530 degrees C and demonstrated long-term durability during a 1000 h test under intrinsic propane conversion, with a low deactivation rate constant (k d = 0.0004 h-1) and a slow boron leaching rate of only 0.001 wt% h-1. DFT simulations revealed that in situ-formed BO x -La species exhibited enhanced hydrolysis resistance in the presence of La, which alleviated the electron deficiency of nearby B and impeded the nucleophilic attack of H2O at the B sites. This interfacial electronic interaction preserved the active BO x species and ensured high stability under moisture-containing ODHP conditions, outperforming traditionally impregnated BO x catalysts. This work presents a facile structural design principle for developing highly stable boron-based ODHP catalysts.

Constructing strong electronic metal-support interaction (EMSI) is crucial for developing high-performance noble-metal catalysts for the efficient elimination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In this work, Pt nanoclusters were anchored on an amorphous MnO2 (AMO) support to induce strong EMSI. The as-prepared Pt/AMO catalyst exhibited outstanding low-temperature activity toward toluene oxidation, achieving 90% conversion (T90) at only 155 °C, which was 35 °C lower than that of traditional crystalline Pt/β-MnO2 catalyst. Comprehensive physicochemical characterizations confirmed that the amorphous structure facilitated rapid interfacial electron transfer between Pt and AMO, generating abundant low-valence Mn species and oxygen vacancies. Notably, the strong EMSI on the Pt/AMO catalyst increased the electron density around Pt sites, thereby weakening the Mn-O bond strength and activating surface lattice oxygen. In situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) results revealed that the strong EMSI facilitated the rapid formation of benzoate intermediates. Meanwhile, gaseous oxygen was efficiently activated at Pt sites and replenished lattice oxygen, synergistically promoting aromatic ring opening and deep oxidation to achieve efficient mineralization. This study highlights the unique role of amorphous support in regulating EMSI and reaction pathways, providing new insights for the rational design of highly efficient catalysts for elimination of VOCs.

As a pivotal chemical feedstock,methane is characterized by its abundant reserves,cost-effectiveness,and renewability.In the context of global carbon neutrality and net-zero emission initiatives,developing high-value conversion pathways for methane,such as hydrogen production,methanol synthesis,olefin/aromatic generation,and clean fuel manufacturing,has emerged as a strategic approach to maximize its utilization potential.Significant research efforts have been directed toward establishing energy-efficient and economically viable conversion systems to maximize the utilization efficiency of its carbon and hydrogen atoms.This review systematically examines recent advancements in methane conversion technologies for high-value chemical synthesis,and conducts a statistical analysis of relevant literature and patents on different conversion pathways based on thermal catalysis.With these foundational assessments,the future challenges and prospects of methane conversion are prospected.

Oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) reaction is crucial for converting natural gas into value-added chemicals like ethylene. Despite the development of over 2000 catalysts, achieving a C2 (C2H4 + C2H6) yield of 30

Methyl radicals (center dot CH3) are crucial intermediates in the oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) reaction mechanism, involving both heterogeneous and homogeneous processes. We quantitatively determined the concentrations of desorbed center dot CH3 from meticulously synthesized Er2O3 catalysts using in situ synchrotron-based vacuum ultraviolet photoionization mass spectrometry (SVUV-PIMS). Our findings corroborate that the generation capacity of center dot CH3 serves as a robust metric for describing the catalytic performance of OCM. This investigation revealed that the modulation of reactive oxygen species (O- and O2- ) on the surface of various Er2O3 catalysts significantly influences the generation capability of center dot CH3 radicals. Notably, the ratio of these reactive oxygen species demonstrates a positive correlation with both the concentration of center dot CH3 radicals and the C2 yield. Consequently, the generation potential of center dot CH3 serves as a critical linkage between the reaction performance of OCM and the surface structure of the catalyst, thereby enriching our comprehension of the intrinsic relationship between structure and performance in catalysts based on metal oxide during the OCM reaction.

Silver enhances O 2 activation and C–H bond cleavage, significantly boosting the performance of the Mn–Na 2 WO 4 /SiO 2 catalyst for the oxidative coupling of methane.

Supported nanocatalysts often undergo sintering at elevated temperatures, whereas the dispersion of large particles into small particles is uncommon. Here, we discover that Na2WO4 evolves from large bulk particles to evenly distributed high-concentration nanoclusters on the ZrO2 surface but remains as large particles on the TiO2 surface at high temperatures. This substrate-dependent structural evolution is visualized by in-situ transmission electron microscopy and rationalized by the differing interactions between Na2WO4 and the substrates. The great potential of this substrate-dependent structural evolution in developing advanced Na2WO4 cluster catalysts is demonstrated using methyl chloride-to-vinyl chloride as a probe reaction. Benefiting from the presence of high-concentration Na2WO4 nanoclusters that effectively couple & sdot;CH2Cl radicals, Na2WO4/ZrO2 exhibits a C2H3Cl selectivity of 31.9 % and a yield of 20.0 % at 700 degrees C, which is much higher than those of Na2WO4/TiO2.

Zeolite is recognized as an essential hemostatic material for controlling massive bleeding. Elucidating the procoagulant mechanism of zeolite is critically important, as it will facilitate the rational design of more effective zeolite-based hemostatic materials. In this study, it is discovered an extremely strong, calcium-dependent interaction between coagulation factor Xa (FXa) and zeolite-termed target-specific biorecognition-that mimics the FXa/factor Va (FXa/FVa) interface formed during the natural coagulation cascade. This interaction alters the prothrombin activation pathway to a more efficient mechanism, significantly amplifying FXa activity. Notably, the complex structure and FXa activity can be reversibly modulated through Na+/Ca2+ ion exchange of zeolites, offering a novel strategy for dynamically tuning enzymatic activity. Furthermore, this protein-zeolite based biorecognition system, mediated by reversible interactions, represents a promising biomimetic platform for regulating protein bioactivity in cell-free applications, extending its utility beyond hemostatic material development.

Oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) is a catalytic partial oxidation process that directly converts methane into C-2 products. For this high temperature reaction, understanding the radical behavior through experimental investigation is important in correlating the catalytic activity and the products. In this work, a spatial resolution online mass spectrometry (MS) system was developed and applied to a Mn-Na2WO4/SiO2 catalyzed OCM system. In addition to the residue gas analysis, the system obtained the distribution information of the reactants and products in the reactor. At various setting temperatures, all species online MS signals were collected at different positions, mapping the reaction activity covering parameters including temperature, time and space. The distribution behavior of the catalytic activity, selectivity, and apparent activation energy were kinetically analyzed. Selectivity and additional carbon balance analysis strongly supported the radical coupling model of OCM and indicated that after the catalytic bed layer, there is a significant length in the reactor (> 2 mm) filled with radicals. Based on the result, a designed new method by tuning the temperature field in the reactor was found effectively to improve the catalytic activity, especially the C-2 yield from 702 to 773 degrees C. (c) 2025, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Selective coupling of C1 platform molecules to C2 olefins is a cornerstone for establishing a sustainable chemical industry based on nonpetroleum sources. Vinyl chloride (C2H3Cl), one of the top commodity petrochemicals, is commercially produced from coal- or oil-derived C2 hydrocarbon (acetylene and ethylene) feedstocks with a high carbon footprint. Here, we report a C1-based route for vinyl chloride synthesis via the selective oxidative coupling of methyl chloride. This is enabled by a solid catalyst, featuring tungstate nanoclusters embedded in a zirconia matrix, which effectively captures ·CH2Cl radicals homogeneously generated in CH3Cl oxy-pyrolysis and selectively couples them into C2H3Cl. In situ synchrotron-based vacuum ultraviolet photoionization mass spectrometry provides direct experimental evidence of the homogeneous-heterogeneous reaction mechanism. The process achieves methyl chloride conversion of 10-65% with a high vinyl chloride selectivity (60-75%) at a reaction temperature of 650-750 °C, which is much lower than the traditional pyrolysis (>850 °C). The catalyst delivers stable performance (at a vinyl chloride yield of ca. 30%) with no deactivation observed during a 50 h test. Furthermore, combining with reaction of methanol and HCl to produce methyl chloride, we establish a methanol-to-vinyl chloride (MTV) route with the potential for significant reductions in climate change impact (24%) and cost (38%) compared to the state-of-the-art ethylene-based balanced process. A more remarkable 237% reduction in climate change impacts can be anticipated in the future-oriented green scenario for the MTV process primarily attributed to the utilization of renewable C1 feedstocks that results in negative net contributions to the overall impacts.