Coordinated urban and rural development is crucial for reducing inequality and achieving common prosperity. Using panel data from 57 counties in Zhejiang Province from 2015 to 2019, this study examines the impact of digital economy development on the urban-rural income gap, with particular attention to its role in digital poverty alleviation and the underlying transmission mechanisms. The results show that while digital economy development contributes to poverty alleviation by significantly increasing household income in both urban and rural areas, it simultaneously widens the urban-rural income gap. The analysis of mechanisms reveals that nonagricultural employment (NAE), innovation, and entrepreneurship mediate this relationship, disproportionately benefiting urban areas. The heterogeneity analysis further indicates that human capital (HC) and business environment (BE) disparities amplify the widening effect of digital economy development on the urban-rural income gap, while improved infrastructure reduces barriers to resource flow, mitigating the gap. These findings highlight the dual effects of digital economy development, offering critical policy insights for promoting digital poverty reduction while addressing regional disparities to achieve common prosperity. (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic) 57 (sic)(sic) 2015 (sic)(sic) 2019 (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).

There have long been diverging views regarding the role of government in economic development. One perspective argues that the government should play as minimal a role as possible, while the other maintains that the government can play a significant role in economic development. Government and Economics suggests that the government can play a positive and proactive role in promoting economic development, provided that it establishes a comprehensive set of incentives aimed at fostering economic growth. Zhejiang's rapid development since the Reform and Opening-up serves as a classic example of this approach. This paper explores the role of local government in regional economic development. Utilizing a theoretical analytical framework wherein u201Cprivatization and marketization drive industrialization and urbanizationu201D, and combining case studies of cities such as Wenzhou, Yiwu, and Hangzhou since the Reform and Opening-up, it reveals the role of local governments in promoting industrial clusters, specialized markets, and the strategic transformation of development space. Furthermore, it analyzes the challenges faced by local governments in the new development stage amidst the conflict between new technologies and old systems, emphasizing that governments must fully understand corporate innovation to drive high-quality regional economic development through innovation.

How does physical connectedness stimulate knowledge cocreation? This paper sheds new light on this question by focusing on China, one of the largest countries and innovation powerhouses in the world. Exploiting variation in air connectivity across time and space, we find that the introduction of non-stop air connections between cities boosts collaborative innovation, especially for long-distance city pairs. This improvement goes with reducing costs of face-to-face interactions, hence promoting knowledge flows. Further analysis shows that the disparity of within-city-pair innovative capability shrinks following direct air connections. The effects on co-innovation are more pronounced for collaborations: (1) between mega-and small cities, (2) involving at least one cost-sensitive enterprise participant, and (3) across corporate group boundaries among enterprise innovators.

Strengthening purchasing power,stimulating consumer confidence,and improving the structure and standards of consumption are essential for China's successful economic development.Human capital is linked to income,wealth,social status,and cognitive preferences,and plays a long-term role in consumption growth.This study explored the impact of human capital on conspicuous consumption in China,using a novel individual-level measure-the visibility index-to capture conspicuous consumption.Drawing on data from the China Family Panel Studies(2012-2020),a comprehensive human capital index was constructed by combining cognitive and noncognitive abilities through the entropy weight method.To address potential endogeneity,the historical distribution of Confucian temples and ancient academies was used as an instrumental variable for human capital.The empirical results show that improvements in human capital can significantly increase conspicuous consumption,particularly among middle-income groups,rural residents,and nonagricultural workers.A key contribution of the study is the clear identification of social status signaling as the primary mechanism linking human capital to conspicuous consumption.These findings offer new insights into consumption behavior and human capital development in China s increasingly complex and rapidly evolving socioeconomic landscape.

Background::Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) can profoundly affect the mental health of the people living with HIV (PLWH), with higher rates of anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbances. The disparities in neuropsychological problems evaluated by physicians and self-assessed by patients are still unknown.Methods::A total of 5000 PLWH and 500 physicians from 167 hospitals were enrolled in this cross-sectional study from September 2022 to February 2023. 4-Item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-4) was used for the evaluation of depressive issues and anxiety issues by PLWH. Each physician assessed 10 PLWH under their care for the presence of depressive or anxiety issues. The primary outcomes of this study are the concordance rates on the depressive issues and anxiety issues evaluation between physicians and PLWH. The Cohen’s kappa test was used to assess the agreement between physicians and PLWH.Results::The concordance rate for the evaluation of depressive issues is 73.84% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 72.60-75.04%), and it is significantly different from the expected rate of 80% ( P <0.001). Similarly, the concordance rate for the evaluation of anxiety issues is 71.74% (95% CI: 70.47-72.97%), which is significantly different from the expected rate of 80% as per the null hypothesis ( P <0.001). The overestimation rate by physicians on depressive issues is 12.20% (95% CI: 11.32-13.14%), and for anxiety issues is 12.76% (95% CI: 11.86-13.71%). The mismatch rate for depressive issues is 26.16% (95% CI: 24.96-27.40%), and for anxiety issues is 28.26% (95% CI: 27.02-29.53%). The underestimation rate by physicians on depressive issues is 13.96% (95% CI: 13.03-14.95%), and for anxiety issues is 15.50% (95% CI: 14.52-16.53%). For the treatment regiments, PLWH sustained on innovative treatment regimen (IR) related to a lower prevalence of depressive issues (odds ratio [OR] = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.59-0.87, P = 0.003) and a lower prevalence of anxiety issues (OR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.52-0.76, P <0.001). PLWH switch from conventional treatment regimen (CR) to IR also related to a lower prevalence of depressive issues (OR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.64-0.98) and a lower prevalence of anxiety issues (OR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.67-0.99). Conclusion::Nearly one in three PLWH had their condition misjudged by their physicians. The findings underscore the need for improved communication and standardized assessment protocols in the care of PLWH, especially during the acute phase of HIV infection.

Nocardia farcinica is the most pathogenic Nocardia, which is easy to disseminate. It can be caused by trauma, and even lead to severe lung or central nervous system infection. This report covers a case of Nocardia brain abscess in an HIV patient, who underwent resection of the brain abscess, followed by anti-infective therapy with sulfamethoxazole and meropenem, and eventually made a good recovery. The mortality rate of Nocardia farcinica brain abscess has been attributed to the severity of the underlying disease, the difficulty in identifying the pathogen, and its inherent resistance to antibiotics, leading to inappropriate or late initiation of treatment. Medication should follow the principle of sufficient dosage and sufficient course of treatment.

How does physical connectedness stimulate new ideas? This paper explores this question in the context of China, one of the largest countries and an innovation powerhouse of the world. Exploiting variation in air connectivity across time and space, we find that the introduction of non-stop air connections between cities boosts collaborative innovation, especially for long-distance city pairs. This improvement goes with reducing costs of face-to-face interactions, hence promoting knowledge flows. Further analysis shows that the disparity of within-city-pair innovative capability increases following direct air connections, and the effects on collaborative innovation are more pronounced in city pairs involving mega and smaller cities and enterprise innovators who are sensitive to travel costs.

This paper traces the institutional root of China's rural industrialization to a historical policy, which paired factories in urban areas with people's communes in the countryside during the Send-Down Movement in the 1970s. The policy, initially intended to improve the lives of sent-down youth (SDY), is believed to have provided some initial impetus for industrial development in rural areas before the marketization reform that began in the late 1970s. Based on a manually collected county-level panel dataset of Zhejiang Province, we find that following the implementation of the pairing policy in 1974, counties that received a higher concentration of SDY, relative to their rural population, achieved faster growth in per capita industrial output of commune enterprises. Our results are consistent with various historical accounts. In addition, our tentative evidence shows that the pairing policy had a prolonged effect on rural economic development, lasting into the 1980s. Overall, our findings reveal the importance of some pre-reform institutions in shaping China's unique paths towards industrialization.

Major product safety incidents often cause widespread concern among consumers, and these product safety incidents will stimulate consumers’ psychology, change their risk perception, and affect the demand for products and services of risk consumers. The change in consumer demand will eventually lead to a change in firm innovation decisions. Using Chinese firm-level data, this paper employs the news reporting of the Bawang event as a quasi-natural experiment to study the impact of risk perception changes on innovation. The empirical results of this study show that increasing consumers’ risk perception caused by the negative news coverage of defective products motivates firms to increase their innovation. The effects are heterogeneous, where firms with private ownership and in developed regions are more likely to increase innovation activities. This study suggests that the relationship between consumers’ risk perception and firm innovation is primarily driven by market demand. Moreover, the positive effects of risk perception on innovation are more prominent for downstream firms and those having a smaller technological distance.

Objective:Precise prediction of the occurrence of complicated perianal abscesses (PAs) in monkeypox (mpox)-infected patients is important for therapeutic optimization. This study sought to identify risk factors of complicated PA. Methods:A total of 48 patients with mpox infection (PA group, n = 10; non-PA (NPA) group, n = 38) were enrolled in our study, who were hospitalized in Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, China from 29 June to 3 September 2023. The data of demographic characteristics, and clinical symptoms, serum SAA, PCT, CRP, and IL-6 levels were collected by the Electronic Medical Record. The diagnostic values of these biomarkers were assessed using multivariate logistic regression and ROC curve analyses. Results:A decrease in serum IL-6, SAA, and CRP levels (all p-value < 0.05), but not PCT, was observed in all mpox-infected patients. A significant positive correlation was also noted between IL-6, SAA, CRP, and PCT levels (all p-value < 0.05). There was a significant increase in IL-6 and SAA levels and the SAA/CRP ratio in serum samples from patients in the PA group. Multivariate logistic regression and ROC curve analyses identified that the combined use of perianal symptoms and SAA was more sensitive than perianal symptoms or SAA alone as predictors of complicated PA. This combination had the highest predictive value for disease progression, with an AUC of 0.920 (p-value < 0.001). Conclusion:The combination of perianal symptoms and SAA levels was strongly linked to the occurrence of complicated PA in mpox-infected patients. These findings may inform the early diagnosis of this patient population.

Objective:This study explores the risk factors for low-level viremia (LLV) occurrence after ART and develops a risk prediction model. Method:Clinical data and laboratory indicators of people living with HIV (PLWH) at Hangzhou Xixi Hospital from 5 April 2011 to 29 December 2022 were collected. LASSO Cox regression and multivariate Cox regression analysis were performed to identify laboratory indicators and establish a nomogram for predicting LLV occurrence. The nomogram's discrimination and calibration were assessed via ROC curve and calibration plots. The concordance index (C-index) and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to evaluate its effectiveness. Result:Predictive factors, namely, age, ART delay time, white blood cell (WBC) count, baseline CD4+ T-cell count (baseline CD4), baseline viral load (baseline VL), and total bilirubin (TBIL), were incorporated into the nomogram to develop a risk prediction model. The optimal model (which includes 6 variables) had an AUC for LLV after 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year of listing of 0.68 (95% CI, 0.61-0.69), 0.69 (95% CI, 0.65-0.70), and 0.70 (95% CI, 0.66-0.71), respectively. The calibration curve showed high consistency between predicted and actual observations. The C-index and DCA indicated superior prediction performance of the nomogram. There was a significant difference in CD4 levels between LLV and non-LLV groups during the follow-up time. The dynamic SCR, ALT, TG and BG levels and occurrence of complications differed significantly between the high- and low-risk groups. Conclusion:A simple-to-use nomogram containing 6 routinely detected variables was developed for predicting LLV occurrence in PLWH after ART.

China's domestic aviation industry has undergone price liberalization reform via the deregulation of airfare since 2004. However, the impact of this policy has not been scientifically evaluated. This paper aims to analyze the effect of the 2017 price liberalization reform on airfares and identify the primary cause of this effect from the perspective of competition within the industry. Empirical results show that the liberalization of airfares leads to a significant increase in the average price of tickets. And the concentration of route markets plays a role in raising fares above the equilibrium level, which diminishes social welfare. Furthermore, heterogeneity analysis demonstrates that the liberalization policy has a greater impact on fares for long-haul routes, nonleisure routes and routes operated by carriers other than low-cost carriers (LCCs).

This study aims to develop and evaluate a model to predict the immune reconstitution among HIV/AIDS patients after antiretroviral therapy (ART). A total of 502 HIV/AIDS patients are randomized to the training cohort and evaluation cohort. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and multivariate logistic regression analysis are performed to identify the indicators and establish the nomogram for predicting the immune reconstitution. Decision curve analysis (DCA) and clinical impact curve (CIC) are used to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of the nomogram. Predictive factors included white blood cells (WBC), baseline CD4+ T-cell counts (baseline CD4), ratio of effector regulatory T cells to resting regulatory T cells (eTreg/rTreg) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and are incorporated into the nomogram. The area under the curve (AUC) is 0.812 (95% CI, 0.767∼0.851) and 0.794 (95%CI, 0.719∼0.857) in the training cohort and evaluation cohort, respectively. The calibration curve shows a high consistency between the predicted and actual observations. Moreover, DCA and CIC indicate that the nomogram has a superior net benefit in predicting poor immune reconstitution. A simple-to-use nomogram containing four routinely collected variables is developed and internally evaluated and can be used to predict the poor immune reconstitution in HIV/AIDS patients after ART.

中国式现代化既有各国现代化的共同特征,更有基于自己国情的中国特色.共同富裕是中国式现代化的重要特征和本质要求.本期刊发一组笔谈纵论共同富裕与中国式现代化的普遍性、省域先行探索的实践路径等重大热点问题.以人民为中心的现代化是共同富裕的现代化;人的现代化根本出路在于改进权利和机会的配置来实现能力的大体平等;浙江民营企业家队伍是浙江高质量发展和共同富裕的宝贵资源和担当者,民营经济高质量发展事关中国式现代化;共同富裕与省域现代化先行,符合社会主义发展和现代化演进的一般规律,赋予了中国式现代化普遍性内容;中国式现代化将特殊性和普遍性相结合的话语创新,对于人类现代化具有普遍性启发;中国式现代化应该被视作不断丰富的现代化概念的新类型,现代化与共同富裕的耦合,是人类现代化一种新的普遍性.以期学术界更多的关注和进一步的讨论.

Chlamydia psittaci is the pathogen of psittacosis and infects a wide range of birds and even humans. Human infection occurs most commonly in those with a history of contact with birds or poultry. We describe a case of psittacosis in a human immunodeficiency virus infected patient in Zhejiang Province for the first time. C. psittaci infection was confirmed by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Real-Time PCR. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the sequences from the patient's samples clustered with genotype A in the same branch. Our study highlights the possibility of diagnosing psittacosis in patients with a chronic disease such as HIV-infected patients, and should increase awareness and surveillance of psittacosis in China.

BACKGROUND:People living with HIV (PLWH) and receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) have a goal of achieving and maintaining viral suppression; however, the existence of PLWH that show events of low-level viremia (LLV) between 50 and 1000 copies/mL and with different virological consequences have been observed. Moreover, some reports indicate that LLV status can lead to residual immune activation and inflammation, leading to a higher occurrence of non-AIDS-defining events (nADEs) and other adverse clinical outcomes. Until now, however, published data have shown controversial results that hinder understanding of this phenomenon's actual cause(s) and origin(s). Integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs)-based therapies could lead to lower LLV over time and, therefore, more effective virological control. OBJECTIVES:This review aims to assess recent findings to provide a view of the clinical significance and management of low-level HIV viremia in the era of INSTIs.

Purpose: Neuropsychiatric adverse events (NPAEs) occur frequently in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). This study aimed to assess the dynamic trends and risk factors of NPAEs among PLWH in Hangzhou taking efavirenz (EFV)-or dolutegravir (DTG)-or elvitegravir (EVG)-based regimens. Patients and Methods: A total of 287 ART-naive PLWH were included in this study, EFV (400mg)-(n = 122), EFV (600mg)-(n = 37), DTG-(n = 73), EVG-based (n = 47) and other ART regimens (n = 8) as the initial ART regimen were administered for 12 months. All data were collected at five time points within a 12-month follow-up. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale were used to evaluate sleep disorders and anxiety and depression symptoms, respectively. The dynamic trends and potential risk factors of NPAEs were investigated using a generalized linear mixed model. Results: Mean age was 29.4 (SD: 7.5) years with 97.2% males. After 12 months of ART, the prevalence of sleep disorders and anxiety decreased significantly, although only a slight improvement was observed for depression. In addition, there was a significant positive correlation between sleep disorders, anxiety, and depression. The risk factors for NPAEs differed slightly depending on the choice of ART regimen, but the seven factors most commonly associated with NPAEs were age, sex, marital status, education level, smoking status, body mass index, and WHO clinical stage. Treatment-induced changes in CD4-positive T-cell count and virological suppression did not depend on the particular choice of ART regimen. Conclusion: The prevalence of sleep disorders and anxiety changed significantly over time on ART and the risks of these disorders were associated with seven common clinical and demographic factors.

INTRODUCTION:Talaromycosis is a common invasive fungal disease in patients with HIV. However, its association with bone destruction is unusual in AIDS patients with talaromycosis.CASE PRESENTATION:This report covers the case of a 38-year-old male AIDS patient coinfected with Talaromyces marneffei and Salmonella. The case, which involved bone destruction, was identified via metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS). Following treatment with a combination of amphotericin B and piperacillin-tazobactam, the patient's elbow motion noticeably improved. Imaging findings revealed that the progression of bony destruction had halted.CONCLUSION:Bone damage due to Talaromyces marneffei infection is infrequent in HIV-positive patients. Therefore, healthcare professionals must be vigilant for potential bone lesions associated with this type of infection. Prompt diagnosis and antimicrobial treatment are crucial.

The Chinese path to modernization shares characteristics with modernization in all countries,but it also has the characteristics based on its own national conditions. Common prosperity is an important feature and essential requirement of the Chinese path to modernization. This journal presents a series of written discussions on the major issues in this area such as the universality of common prosperity,the Chinese path to modernization,and the provincial first exploration of practice pathways. People-centered modernization leads to common prosperity. The fundamental pathway for human modernization is to improve the allocation of rights and opportunities to achieve the general equality of capabilities. The team of private entrepreneurs in Zhejiang is a valuable resource and bearer of high-quality development and common prosperity in Zhejiang. The high-quality development of the private economy is related to the Chinese path to modernization. Common prosperity and provincial modernization in advance conform to the general law of socialist development and evolving modernization,laying a Chinese path to universal modernization. The innovation discourse of the Chinese path to modernization,which combines particularity with universality,has universal enlightenment for human modernization. The Chinese path to modernization is a new type and it is constantly enriched. The coupling of modernization and common prosperity creates universality in human modernization. The academic community will discuss these issues further.SinicismChina’s modernization has characteristics in common with the modernizations of other countries,but it has unique characteristics based on its own national conditions. Common prosperity is an important feature and essential requirement of Chinese modernization. This journal will publish aa series of discussions on the major issues on this topic such as the universality of common prosperity through,Chinese modernization and the practice pathway of province-led exploration. People-centered modernization leads to common prosperity. Human modernization must improve the allocation of rights and opportunities to achieve the general equality of capabilities. The group of non-state sector entrepreneurs in Zhejiang is a valuable resource and bearer of high-quality development and common prosperity in Zhejiang. The high-quality development of the non-state economy is related to the Chinese path of modernization. Common prosperity and provincial modernization both conform to the general law of socialist development and evolving modernization.This gives Chinese modernization a universalist perspective. The innovation discourse around Chinese modernization,which combines particularity with universality,has universal lessons for human modernization.Chinese modernization should be regarded as a new type,which isconstantly enriched. The coupling of modernization and common prosperity presents a universal form of human modernization. The academic community will engage with this topic as further issues reveal themselves.