[目的]探讨未触及肿块的乳腺微小癌应用X线技术早期诊断。[方法]选择伴有高危因素的绝经后乳腺局限性增厚者作X线摄影检查,对其影像诊断与病理证实的微小癌进行对比研究。[结果]确诊的4例微小癌中有2例浸润性导管癌（0.7cm×0.5cm和0.9cm×0.8cm）的X线征象分别为恶性集簇钙化和导管内钙化;另1例浸润性导管癌（1.0cm×0.5cm）的X线征象为恶性钙化1例导管内癌（即原位癌1.0cm×0.8cm）的X线征象为0.7cm×0.4cm的小结节。[结论]选择性的X线摄影方法有助于早期发现潜伏性乳腺微小癌。

给绝经期后女性补充雌激素可有效地缓解更年期症状、预防妇女各种中老年疾病等.然而近年国外已有研究指出,长期持续激素替代治疗( HRT)可增加乳腺癌发病的风险 [1],但国内目前此类报道颇少.现就本组收治的 9例联合雌孕激素替代治疗与乳腺癌发生的可能相关性进行初浅探讨.

Objective To investigate the association of mammary fibrocystic disease and fibroadenoma with estrogen receptor(ER).Methods The noncancerous breast mass of 53 cases was confirmed by histological findings,including fibrocystic disease 24,fibroadenoma 14,papilloma 7 and adenosis 8 cases. The noncancerous tissues were assayed by using fluorescent histochemical method for contents of ER.Results The overall ER positive rate was 41.5% in noncancerous tissues of 53 cases,including ER expression of fibocystic disease,fibroadenoma,papilloma and adenosis i.e. 41.7%,16.7%,57.1% and 75.0% respectively.Although the ER positive rate was 48.7% in less than fifty years old woman,yet ER positive rate was 21.4% in ≥50 years old women,indicating that the ER level of premenopausal patients was higher than that of postmenopause(P0.05).Conclusion The ER level of fibrocystic disease is higher than that of fibroadenoma in this series (P0.05).We considered that approximately more than 1/3 belongs to hormone dependent patients in noncancerous breast mass and that,especially the ER expression of the premenopausal patients is higher than that of postmenopause.

对北京铁路总医院肿瘤研究所1985年至2000年间537例乳腺癌新鲜标本采用荧光组织化学方法进行了雌激素受体(ER)检测研究,537例乳腺癌ER表达阳性率为52%.提示我国女性乳腺癌至少有l/2应属于雌激素依赖性肿瘤;浸润性和非浸润性乳腺癌的ER表达基本相同,而且不论腋淋巴结有无转移,其ER表达亦无区别;青年乳腺癌患者的ER阳性率略低于中老年者(P>0.05),表示后者预后较好.

目的比较近红外线,超声波及手诊检查在乳腺肿物测量中的差异.方法回顾分析了乳房的良、恶性肿瘤共91例,其中良性肿瘤51例,恶性肿瘤40例.分别用以上三种方法测定肿瘤水平面的最大直径,将其与病理学测量值作比较.结果良性肿瘤,各种测量方法与病理学测量的差异不大.恶性肿瘤,病理学测量的直径为2.9cm(0.5～8.5),手诊查体所测结果最大,直径为3.6cm(1.0～10.5);其次为近红外线,直径为3.3cm(0.5～9.5);超声波检查结果最小,直径为2.7cm(0.5～8.5).与病理检查相关最近的是超声波检查,相关系数为0.92,标准误为0.20.结论三种检查方法与病理学检查均有一定差距,其中以超声波检查与病理学检查的结果差距最小.