Rubbing is a sort of special document.This text narrates and concludes the different methods to make rubbing,the different types of rubbing and its binding styles,and analyzes the advantage and disadvantage of traditional mounting styles.

Ancient book conservation and restoration own a very long history in China.But during the end of Qing Dynasty and Republic of China,because of long period wars and people's painful life,this work was affected seriously and the quantity of conservators decreased.In 1949,the People's Republic of China was founded,the ancient book conservation and restoration work renewed again.But,after this period,because of the Cultural Revolution and other reasons,there are not many conservators for ancient books all over China,and so far,the group of ancient books conservators is not stable.This text reviews China's ancient books restoration work after 1949,mainly focuses on the course of bringing up the group of ancient books conservators and analyzes some current problems.The text concludes that the implement of Chinese Ancient Book Preservation and Conservation Project has provided a very good opportunity for ancient book conservation and restoration work.We should take advantage of this opportunity to bring up more conservators for restoring ancient books and promote the ancient book conservation and restoration work.

Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of inductive chemotherapy combined with interstitial implantation of 125 Ⅰ seeds and slow-release seeds for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Methods:66 patients with advanced unresectalble NSCLC were enrolled in a prospective randomized study. 32 cases of seeds implantation group consisted of 2 cycles of induction chemotherapy, followed by concurrent seeds implantation with slow-release seeds and ~(125)Ⅰ seeds. The MPD (Matched peripheral dose) of ~(125)Ⅰ seeds implantation was 140-160Gy. The concurrent radio-chemotherapy was given with a dose of 65-70Gy. The treatment fields covered clinical tumor and lymph node. Radio-chemotherapy group patients were also given with concurrent chemotherapy (DDP 20mg/m2·d1/w).Results:1 year and 2 year survival rate in group of seeds implantation were 93.75%and 70.60%,while in group of concurrent radio-chemotherapy were 68.75% and 32.25% respectively. The CR rates of two groups were 56.20% and 21.30% respectively.Conclusion:Induction of chemotherapy combined with interstitial implantation of ~(125)Ⅰ seeds and slow-release seeds is effective for unresectable advanced NSCLC.

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility, security, and short-term efficacy of combined treatment of interstitial implantation of ~ 125 I seeds and 5-FU slow-released seeds for recurrent colorectal adenocarcinoma. Methods From December 2001 to December 2005, 26 cases of recurrent colorectal adenocarcinoma underwent Mile's procedure were treated with the radiochemotherapy.We implanted alternately ~ 125 I seeds and 5-FU slow-released seeds following the treatment planning system.The matched peripheral dose (MPD) of ~ 125 I seed implantation was 90-130 Gy. Twelve granules of ~ 125 I seeds and 600 mg of 5-FU were administered in every patient on average. Results No operation-related complication was occurred during the implantations for all the cases. No displacement of ~ 125 I seed was found by pelvic X-ray examination.Lenitive rate of the pain was 88.9% (16/18).The relief has lasted for 5-10 days on average. CT scanning showed that the size of tumor reduced in various degree at 3-6 months after the implantation.The complete recovery rate was 7.7% (2/26), the partial recovery rate was 73.1% (19/26).The PD was 15.4% (4/26).The median survival time was 29 months estimated by following these cases for 6-42 months. One case died of bone and lung metastases at 6 months after the implantation. ConclusionCombined radiochemotherapy with interstitial implantation of ~ 125 I seeds and 5-FU slow-released seeds was a safe and effective microinvasive treatment for recurrent colorectal carcinoma.

目的探讨经肝动脉超选择插管联合栓塞肝动脉-门脉治疗原发性肝癌的疗效.方法 1989年5月～2002年4月13年间109例原发性肝癌,应用常规导管、微导管或球囊导管超选择至肿瘤供血动脉,阻断其血流,使注射栓塞剂时不产生逆流,将全部动脉肿瘤血管、病变周围正常的小动脉及肝实质和门静脉分支栓塞.栓塞治疗1～4次后(25～121天,平均92.5天)接受二期手术切除15例,并进行了病理学研究.结果 1、2、3、4、5年生存率分别为98.2%(107/109)、80.2%(65/81)、60.4%(32/53)、39.0%(16/41)、27.6%(8/29).手术后5年生存率为46.7%(7/15).手术切除的15例患者中11例肿瘤100%坏死,占73.3%.没有严重合并症发生.结论应用经肝动脉超选择插管联合栓塞肝动脉-门脉治疗原发性肝癌效果良好,安全.栓塞后手术效果更佳.

2001年9月～2002年6月,我们应用放射性粒子碘125治疗晚期胰腺癌9例,现报告如下.

Objective To analyze the clinical features, causes and its treatment for bowel obstruction in gastrointestinal cancers postoperatively .Methods From Jan. 1988 to Dec.2000,sixty-seven cases were diagnosed as postoperative bowel obstruction and studied retrospectively. The stage, time, clinical appearance and tumor marker (CEA) of the disease were analyzed.Results Forty-five cases of the obstruction were caused by adhesions(67.16%), eight caused by cancer recurrence(11.94%), three caused by bowel torsions(4.48%),four caused by intra-abdominal herniaes(5.97%),four caused by tight anastomoses or incorrect anastomosis (5.97%), two by stretch tube(2.99%),and one by the second primary tumor lobe(1.49%).Conclusions The main cause for bowel obstructions is adhesion and it could be prevented effectively by careful operation.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of serum sIL 2R in breast disease.Methods In this study we used the method of ELISA to test the serum sIL 2R of 117 cases including 52 cases of breast cancer,32 cases of breast benign disease and 33 cases as healthy controls.Results The preoperative serum level of sIL 2R of patients with breast cancer was significantly higher than that of patients with breast benign disease and that in the controls.But there was no significant difference 3 weeks after operation between the breast cancer patients and others.In the cancer group the serum level of sIL 2R 3 weeks after operation was no significant difference to that before operation.The serum level of sIL 2R was relative to the clinical stage of breast cancer.The serum level of sIL 2R in patients with stage Ⅲ breast cancer was higher than stage I and stage Ⅱ.Conclusion The serum level of sIL 2R is a new biological marker for breast cancer.

Objective To find a rational protocol for the treatment of patients with advanced digestive cancers.Methods Thirty-eight patients with advanced digestive cancers were studied retrospectively,among whom there were 6 cases of esophageal cancer,17 of stomach cancer and 15 of colorectal cancer with pathological evidence.Thirty-five patients presented obstruction;28 complained of pain;10 confronted bleeding;18 developed jaundice.All patient were with metastasis and in malnutrition.They were given palliative treatment and terminal solicitude.Results The life quality was improved with all the symptoms ameliorated.The survival time was prolonged.Conclusions As for each patient with advanced cancer,a rational therapy protocol should be applied individually.The modern medicine combined with traditional Chinese medicine should be considered on the condition of no damage to the immune function.

Objective　To evaluate the efficency of superselec tive trasarterial embolization (TAE)with ultra-routine dose inodized oil and TA E in the treatment of primary hepatic carcinoma.Methods　We retr ospectively and statistically analysed 276 cases of primary hepatic carcinoma tr eated with TAE from 1987 to 1999.According to different therapeutic methods,the patients were divided into two groups:therapeutic group (167 cases),who received superselective TAE with ultra-routine dose of iodized oil;109 cases in control g roup were treated with routine TAE.The curative effects of the two groups were e valuated by their survival rates.Results　The embolization of th e supplying artery of the tumor,small normal artery and hepatic parenchyma aroun d tumor was carried on all the 167 patients of the threapeutic group,of whom 109 received the emblization of hepatic portal vein branches.The 1-,2-,3-,4-,5 -year survival rates were 98.8%,79.9%,48%,36.6%,25.5% respectively.As for patie nts in the control group,only the embolization of the supplying artery of the tu mor was carried out and The 1-,2-,3-,4-,5-year survival rates were 79.8%(87 /109)、45.5%(40/88)、21.3%(13/61)、10.2%(5/49)、3.1%(1/32).No severe damage to t he liver and no remarkable complications were found in all the 276 patients.The 1-,2-,3-,4-and 5-year survival rates of patients in both groups were statis tically significant (P<0.01-0.001). Conclusions　Superselective TAE with ultra-routine dose iodi zed oil shows more significant clinical effect than routine TAE does in the treatm ent of primary hepatic carcinoma.

Objective　To evaluate the value of superselective transcatheter arterial embolization(TAE) with ultra-routine dose iodized oil versus routine TAE before liver resection in primary hepatic carcinoma.M ethods　27 cases of hepatocel lular (HCC) resected after transcatheter arterial embolization from 1987 to 1999 were retrospectively analyzed. According to different therapeutic methods,the patients were divided into two gr oups:therapeutic group(17case),who received superselective TAE with ultra-routi ne dose iodized oil;control group(10cases),who were treated with routine TAE.The c urative effects of the two groups were evaluated by their survival rates and deg rees of tumor necrosis.The surgical specimens were studied histopathologically .Results　The embolization of the supplying artery of the tumor, small normal artery and hepatic parenchyma around tumor was carried in all the 1 7 patients of the therapeutic group,of whom 15 received the embolization of hepa t ic portal vein branches.The interval between the first embolization and operatio n was 25～121 days.The 3-,5-year survival rate was 88.2%,45.5% respectively. Pathological study revealed no viable tumor cells in ll casese and extensive nec r osis (85%～95%)in the remaining 6.As for patients in the control group,only the embolization of the supplying artery of the tumor was carried out and The 3-,5 -,year survival rates were 60.0%、14.3%.Pathological study revealed no viable t umor cells in 2 cases and extensive necrosis (75%～95%)in the remaining 8.Variou s degrees of necrosis were found in the satellite lesions,tumor thrombus in the portal vein and the infiltrating tumor cells in the capsule in all the 27 patien ts.Conclusions　Superselective TAE with ultra-routine dose iodi zed oil before hepatectomy shows more significant clinical effect than routine T AE before hepatectomy for the treatment of primary hepatic carcinoma.

目的比较近红外线,超声波及手诊检查在乳腺肿物测量中的差异.方法回顾分析了乳房的良、恶性肿瘤共91例,其中良性肿瘤51例,恶性肿瘤40例.分别用以上三种方法测定肿瘤水平面的最大直径,将其与病理学测量值作比较.结果良性肿瘤,各种测量方法与病理学测量的差异不大.恶性肿瘤,病理学测量的直径为2.9cm(0.5～8.5),手诊查体所测结果最大,直径为3.6cm(1.0～10.5);其次为近红外线,直径为3.3cm(0.5～9.5);超声波检查结果最小,直径为2.7cm(0.5～8.5).与病理检查相关最近的是超声波检查,相关系数为0.92,标准误为0.20.结论三种检查方法与病理学检查均有一定差距,其中以超声波检查与病理学检查的结果差距最小.

Objective To screen and diagnose the human colorectal cancer by using anti-colorectal cancer monoclonal antibody.Methods The colorectal cancer antigen was detected by using ELISA method in stool samples collected from normal controls and pathologically proved patients before and after operation.Results Anti-colorectal cancer monoclonal antibody could be applied to screening colorectal cancer in normal controls by using ELISA method.In the comparative study of patients with colorectal cancer,pre-operative stool samples showed a positive result,and it turned to negative after operation.The detectability of the colorectal cancer antigen in stool samples tallied with that of pathological examination.Conclusions Anti-colorectal cancer antibody can be used to detect the colorectal cancer antigen, to screen and diagnose in normal people.

目的:探讨应用超常规剂量碘油超选择栓塞肝动脉治疗原发性肝癌的疗效。方法:1987年8月～1999年12月12年间167例原发性肝癌,应用常规导管或球囊导管超选择至肿瘤供血动脉,阻断其血流,使注射碘油时不产生逆流。将全部动脉肿瘤血管、病变周围正常的小动脉及肝实质和门静脉分支栓塞。结果:栓塞全部动脉肿瘤血管、病变周围正常的小动脉及肝实质167例,门静脉分支栓塞109例。1、2、3、4、5年生存率分别为98.8%(165/167)、79.9%(107/134)、48.0%(47/98)、36.6%(26/71)、25.5%(12/47)。没有严重并发症发生。结论:应用超常规剂量碘油超选择栓塞肝动脉治疗原发性肝癌效果良好,安全。

目的:探讨冷冻治疗肝癌的临床应用技术和效果.方法:应用LCS-2000型深度液氮冷冻治疗机,对原发性肝癌6例和继发性肝癌2例进行了冷冻治疗.结果:全部患者均手术顺利,无手术死亡及严重并发症,多数不良反应为疼痛、发热、ALT/AST和胆红素升高.病理显示冷冻区内肝细胞和癌细胞呈凝固性坏死.2例转移性肝癌均于手术后2年内死亡.1例巨块型肝癌于手术后1年死亡.2例肝癌于手术后3年死亡.另3例肝癌现健在,已分别存活3年、3年和4年.结论:冷冻治疗肿瘤成功的关键是能否将肿瘤细胞彻底地冷冻致死.冷冻治疗是肝癌治疗的一种手段,它有一定的适应证和局限性.如果掌握的好,疗效高,并发症少.

多原发恶性瘤(MPMT)的诊断由Warren在1932年首次提出.目前随着癌的诊断和治疗水平的不断提高,多原发恶性瘤逐渐引起临床医师的重视.故目前MPMT发现也随之增加,我院由1975年1月至1995年12月20年间共收治MPMT24 例,其中与消化道有关MPMT18例,同时复习近10年国内期刊发表与消化道有关MPMT443例,现就有关MPMT诊断及病因进行探讨.

男性隐匿性乳腺癌一例报告李力军张文莉杜伟生王玲娟患者男性，６３岁。发现右锁骨上肿物２个月，手术活检病理证实为转移性腺癌。于１９９２年２月１８日入院。体检：咽无红肿，双甲状腺无肿大，未扪及甲状腺肿块。右锁骨上区可见一２ｃｍ长之术后切口，愈合好。其周围可...