借助GIS空间技术手段,运用景观因子的定性分析和量化的系统聚类分析相结合,以云南省腾冲市传统村落为例,通过分层级方式探讨区域视角下村落景观特征及其演变的研究方法.结果表明:(1)村落景观特征可从全境尺度和聚落尺度两个层级入手,不同层级具有不同景观构成要素、形态与特征;(2)腾冲区域村落景观可划分为6个一级景观单元和13个二级景观单元;(3)腾冲村落景观存在区域相似性和渐变性,核心区与边缘区、坝区与山区存在明显差异性;(4)现有村落景观格局受到地理环境与交通线路、边疆治理与移民宽乡、民族迁徙与文化涵化、宗族社会与宗教民俗等共同作用.同时,为腾冲区域传统村落的整体连片保护提供研究支撑和建议.

传统村落作为中华农耕文明的重要历史载体,其空间分布是不同时空背景下多重因素综合作用的结果.本文从宏观层面、基于市域和个体双重视角,运用定量和定性相结合的方法对云南省国家级传统村落的空间分布及其影响因素进行深入分析,结果表明:(1)云南省国家级传统村落呈现区域不均衡和局部聚集的空间分布格局,形成3个传统村落集聚区;(2)云南省国家级传统村落空间分布受到自然环境、社会经济、历史文化等多重因素共同影响,但影响程度在不同区域存在差异;(3)坝山相间的地形塑造出相对独立的地理空间,地理区隔为传统村落保存创造条件;(4)农村经济发展与传统村落保护未显示明显正负相关,区域城镇化水平则直接影响传统村落的数量与分布,而道路条件与传统村落数量之间存在一定程度的负相关;?(5)历史文化与传统村落保护之间存在正相关,旅游业的积极发展推动了传统村落保护与传承.

In China, the traditional village is an important agricultural civilization legacy in its rural cultural landscape. Influenced by multiple factors like physical geography and human society, cultural landscape characteristics in traditional villages have obvious intraregional similarities and interregional differences within a particular space. To examine spatial differentiation in cultural landscapes in traditional villages and determine their spatial distribution characteristics and historical evolutionary paths, the cultural landscape zoning method in traditional villages was explored in this study. The goal was to facilitate systematic regional protection, development, and use of traditional villages. First, the cultural landscape factor system in traditional villages was decomposed into 21 types of cultural landscape factors. Those factors belonged to four classes: natural environment, spatial form,dwelling type, and social culture. Second, the data on cultural landscape factors were collected and analyzed. Quantitative factors were normalized by the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Third, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to quantitatively analyze the quantitative factors to extract principal components and perform hierarchical clustering. Finally, cultural landscape zoning in traditional villages was achieved with a GIS map expression method by combining the qualitative sensory impressions of descriptive factors. Also, 320 traditional villages in Chongqing City were chosen as research objects, and the proposed zoning method was empirically applied. Results demonstrated the following: (1) A systematic cultural landscape zoning method in traditional villages was formed. That method comprised factor decomposition, data acquisition and processing, principal component extraction, and hierarchical clustering-zoning. (2) Cultural landscape characteristics in traditional villages in Chongqing can be divided into four zones: a commercial culture dominant type in the west, an immigrant culture dominant type in the center, a defense-culture dominant type in the northeast, and an ethnic cultural integration type in the southeast. Chongqing was chosen as the study area, and 320 traditional villages covering the entire Chongqing City were chosen as research objects in the empirical study. Results showed that an optimized zoning method that combines quantitative and qualitative analyses of “principal component extraction combined with hierarchical clustering” was feasible and had high operability. Also, optimization of the traditional village zoning method was manifested in two main aspects. On one hand, the information retention rate of the “zoning factor” increased significantly from the traditional 20%-30% to at least 80% . This refines and enhances the dominant expression of cultural landscape characteristics and decreases the loss of “non dominant factor” information. It also decreases the subjectivity of the zoning outcome. The extracted principal factors were gained from recombining cultural landscape factors in various traditional villages according to a weight relation. Such a weight relation was calculated by the SPSS soft ware according to pure mathematical statistical relations, and reduced the subjectivity associated with weight determination in the traditional “expert scoring method.” In future studies, the migration paths of cultural landscape factors among different zones in traditional villages, their evolutionary mechanism and influencing characteristics, and the macro-, meso-, and micro-applications of zoning outcomes must be further examined.

传统村落保护与发展作为乡村振兴战略实施的重要议题,研究其空间分布特征及影响因素是保护与发展工作的前提.因此,文章通过ArcGIS空间分析平台,运用最邻近距离、地理集中指数、洛伦兹曲线、核密度等方法,分析了重庆市110个传统村落的空间分布特征及影响因素.研究发现:(1)重庆传统村落在地理分布上具有集聚性.(2)重庆传统村落在区县层面上分布较为集中,主要集中在渝东南酉阳、秀山、石柱、彭水四县.在四大区域层面上分布不均衡,主要分布于渝东南和渝西.(3)在分布密度上,重庆传统村落形成多个显著密集地区.(4)相对独立的环境、复杂的地形、丰富的水系、低便利性的交通及较弱的社会经济等因素为传统村落的形成和保护提供了重要条件,同时也是影响重庆传统村落分布的重要因素.以期对重庆地区传统村落的保护与发展提供数据支持和理论参考.

近年来,新一轮乡村建设运动开始在中国土地上兴起,乡村发展与遗产运动的结合推动了传统村落遗产申报的热潮,"传统村落"成为当下社会广泛关注的热点.文章首先从行政部门、知识生产、大众媒体等多个角度梳理了中国近年来传统村落申报热潮的主要表征;然后运用空间政治经济学的相关理论和观点,重点论述了其背后与现代语境中权力、资本、知识等的相关机制;最后结合调研与案例分析了在传统村落申报成功后和保护发展过程中,传统村落由乡土空间向遗产空间转变所出现的变化和问题,并借此重新思考传统村落遗产热的利弊得失.

Draft of Ten-Year Planning on the Construction of the Alternate Capital, as an important text in modern urban planning history of China, has great signiifcance for studying the modern urban planning and theoretical methods. Centering on this planning text, this paper mainly discusses the reasons, institutions, participants and planning process based on historical documents, and brielfy introduces the structure and main contents of the planning text. Moreover, this study analyses the modern western urban planning theories embodied in the planning, and evaluates its historical status and value.

现代都市农业园作为城市边缘的新兴发展地带,其独特的地理区位、人文价值和生态优势,使其城镇化具有经济、生态和社会等多重效益。本文结合宁夏银川市永宁县"桃李芬芳"都市农业园规划,探索都市农业园的特色城镇化途径,以解决地区农业、农村、农民的"三农"问题。文章从产业的视角出发,探讨加快农业产业融合与升级,园区功能布局和空间重组,乡村文化与生态保护,以及农民城镇化等问题,发并希冀能为同类型都市农业园的规划提供参考。