The suitability of biochar (BC) as a container substrate depends on the BC mix ratio and plant species. Mixes with mixed hardwood BC (20%, 40%, 60%, and 80%, by volume) and vermicompost (VC; 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%, by volume) were evaluated as container substrates on basil (Ocimumbasilicum L.) and tomato (Solanumlycopersicum L. 'Roma') plants compared to a commercial peat-based substrate (CS). The CS made up the rest of the volume when BC and VC did not add up to 100%. The total porosity of all mixes with BC, VC, and CS (BC:VC:CS mixes) was similar to the control. Mixes with 80% BC had lower container capacity than the control. At 9 weeks after transplanting, the leachate pH of all the BC:VC:CS mixes was higher than that of the control, except for mixes of 20%BC and 5%VC with the rest (75%) being CS (20BC:5VC:75CS) and 20BC:10VC:70CS with tomato plants. The soil plant analysis development (SPAD) readings in BC:VC:CS mixes were similar to or higher than the control except for tomato plants in 80BC:5VC:15CS, 80BC:15VC:5CS, and 80BC:20VC:0CS mixes. Plants in BC:VC:CS mixes had similar growth indexes and total dry weight with respect to those in 100% CS, with the root DW of basil plants in 60BC:15VC:25CS being the highest among all treatments. Therefore, the BC (20%, 40%, 60%, or 80%, by volume) and VC (5%, 10%, 15%, or 20%, by volume) mixes had the potential to replace CS for container-grown plants, with the estimate wholesale price for 80BC:5VC:15CS was only 61.6% that of the control.

为了探讨玉兰品种间的花粉形态差异,为众多玉兰品种的分类鉴定、起源及演化提供依据,本研究对37个玉兰品种的花粉形态进行了电镜扫描观察.分析显示,其花粉形态相似,均为左右对称,异极,具单沟,超长球形(P/E＞2),大小(52.9～61.3 μm)x(21.3～27.6 μm),属于NPC花粉分类系统中的N1P3C3类型,与玉兰亚属植物花粉共同的典型特征一致,但表面纹饰的细微形态结构(穿孔和孔穴的分布密度,纹饰类型等)存在较大差异,表明花粉的外壁纹饰可以作为区分玉兰品种的参考依据.孢粉学性状的数量聚类可清晰地将供试玉兰品种区分为白玉兰类群与二乔玉兰类群,说明可以将孢粉学特征作为玉兰品种的一级分类方法,但若单独用其区分玉兰品种是否为一级品种则分辨率还不够,所以该特征仅可以作为品种分类的辅助参考指标.

For students majoring in Landscape Gardening,Landscape Architecture and Ornamental Horticulture, mastering a considerable a-mount of ornamental plants' Latin names was very important.However,in the teaching practice of Landscape Dendrology,it commonly showed that students had some difficulties in mastering Latin names.According to the practical and teaching experience for years,we summarized the corresponding teaching methods, which had helped greatly improve the teaching quality and build up students' comprehensive understanding ability of what they had learned by stimulating students interest in learning effectively.

The pollen of 13 species (including 3 varieties) of Magnolia were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).According to the characteristics of pollen morphology,ornamentation and hole grade,the cluster analysis was conducted by UPGMA to study their genetic relationship and taxa.The pollen shape and size of Magnolia denudata,M.sprengeri and M.denudata ‘ Lamp‘ were close.Pollen surface is smooth,showing groove-like decoration,and the hole diameter is similar.Pollen surface decoration Pollen surface decoration of M.liliflora,M.‘ Yellow Bird‘ and M.praecocissima are quite different.By clustering,13 species (breeds) were clustered into two groups according to pollen size and shape at the similar distance of 6.13.At similar distance of 7.76,four groups were clustered according to pollen surface decoration and porosity characteristics.

微信(Wechat)是一款具有通讯、社交和平台化功能的手机软件,是一种重要的移动互联网入口.微信的通信功能和社交功能提升了微信用户间的互动交流,同时它的平台化功能也提供了一种新的移动应用方式,为网络环境下的学习注入了新的力量.借助微信平台,探讨了“园林植物”课程辅助性学习的方法:首先,可以利用微信演示“园林植物”课程的教学内容;其次,可以利用微信拓展“园林植物”课程的教学内容的范围.教师通过微信平台,将有关“园林植物”课程的文字、语音、图片、视频等融入其中,突破了课程教学时间和空间的限制,促进了学生与学生之间的合作学习,调动了学生学习的兴趣和积极性,为学生营造了个性化学习的环境.

Accumulation of transposable elements, including transposons and retrotransposons, is the primary contributor to genome evolution in higher plants. As a grass species, moso bamboo has a 2 Gb genome in size and 60%is covered by repetitive sequences. Of these repetitive sequences, over 50%is long terminal repeat retrotran-sposons (LTR-retrotransposons), however, we know little about the role of the LTR-retrotransposons in evolution of moso bamboo genome. In this study, a total of 9,436 full-length LTR-retrotransposons with an average length of 10.3 kb were predicted by genome-wide data processing in moso bamboo. The estimated insertion ages of the LTR-retrotransposons are mainly at 2 to 5 million years ago, which is later than tetraploidization of the moso bamboo genome. Twenty-nine protein-coding genes were revealed to be located inside the full-length LTR-retro-transposons. Each of them is supported by RNA-seq data and does not show gene collinearity in the corresponding bamboo-rice-synteny region. Different gene expression patterns are observed between the gene inside the LTR-retrotransposon and its homolog outside it. The present study of moso bamboo LTR-retrotransposons provides a potential mechanism of genes evolution, The data set of the identified full-length LTR-retrotransposons will be the fundamental data source for genome research of plants.

An experiment was conducted to analyze AFLP for 16 species of Subgenus Yulania.We obtained a total of 1728 AFLP bands, and 908 of them were polymorphic bands and the polymorphic rate was 52.5%.By the clustering result, we ob-tained a fine phylogenetic relationship for 16 species of Subgenus Yulania and made a further discussion about the identifi-cation of new species.The phylogenetic relationship showed that M.amoena and M.biondii might be in the same group. M.crassifolius and M.wufengenis s have the closest relationship among those species according to the clustering result. Combined with their morphological characteristics , we approved that M.crassifolius might be a multi-petal variety of M. wufengensis.We agreed with that M.sinostellata should be treated as a single species in classification and be in the same group, section Buergeria (spach ) Dandy with M.amoena andM .biondii.M.funiushanensis has a unique clustering posi-tion in our study, is different from all the current classification systems.Therefore, further classification works are necessa-ry to discover its scientific polymorphic position.The result of AFLP shows that some morphological characteristics, such as sepal-like petal and petals color, are defective and not enough for the classification of subgenus Yulania.

As an important component of the modern tourism,forestry tourism grows rapidly in China in recent yearsWith abundant resources,Langxiang of Heilongjiang province enjoys huge tourism market potential.However,some worrying problems have appeared during the development of the tourism.Based on the investigation in Langxiang in August 2004,the paper discusses the existing problems on products,competition,marketing,management,infrastructure construction etc,and proposes puts forward some countermeasures including pointing out the prior some ideas for the sustainable development of forestry tourismexploiting types of products,making clear the marketing aims and strategies,proposing some concrete suggestions on enhancing the management and perfecting the infrastructure construction from the following aspects:exploitation of products, marketing, management and infrastructure construction,etc.

该文综述了CO2施肥对花卉作物生长发育规律和观赏品质的影响.CO,施肥可促进花卉作物的生长发育,增加切花和插穗产量,提高切花和盆花的品质,促进扦插生根;增强了花卉对不良环境条件的抗性,提高了种苗的移栽成活率.光照强度、光周期、温度、营养供应及植株的发育情况影响了CO2施肥的效果,因此在进行CO,施肥的同时要相应地改变其他环境条件的设定,并合理调整栽培措施,才能更大发挥CO2施肥的作用.CO2施肥已经成为提高设施花卉作物产量和品质的理想途径.