Abstract Background Breast milk contains various crucial nutrients and biologically active substances and is ideal for newborns. This study aimed to analyze the composition of breast milk from mothers of premature and full-term infants and its influences on the growth of infants. Methods Infant-mother dyads examined at our Hospital (March 2016 to May 2017) were included. Milk was collected at 0–1 month, 2–3 months, and 5–6 months and analyzed using a MIRIS human milk analyzer. Z-scores of weight-for-length (WLZ), weight-for-age (WAZ), and length-for-age (LAZ) were calculated. Results This study included full-term (> 37 weeks of gestation, n = 177) and premature (< 37 weeks, n = 94) infant-mother dyads. The premature infants showed higher ΔWAZ, ΔLAZ, and ΔWLZ from infancy to toddlerhood for the physical growth speed, compared with term infants (P < 0.001). All proteins and true protein components of breast milk decreased with infants’ age (P < 0.001). For premature and full-term infants, differences in ΔWAZ and ΔLAZ from birth to infancy and the difference in ΔLAZ, WAZ, and LAZ in toddlerhood were positively associated with non-protein nitrogen (NPN) (all P < 0.05), while the Z-score differences in ΔWLZ from birth to infancy were negatively associated with NPN (all P < 0.05). For premature babies, from birth to infancy stage, ΔWAZ was positively correlated with NPN and carbohydrates while negatively correlated with dry matter (all P < 0.05), and ΔLAZ correlated with NPN (β = 0.428, P = 0.005). Conclusion Breastfeeding helped premature infants compensatory growth when compared to term infants. Whileduring early infancy stage ΔWLZ gain was negatively associated with increased amounts of NPN in breast milk. This might mean although NPN increase the Z-scores of weight-for-age and length-for-age, with no rise in adipose tissue mass.

Background Previous studies have identified a series of specific adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) linked with temperature extremes. Most of them focus on preterm birth, low birth weight, and stillbirth. Other possible adverse outcomes were under-researched. This study aimed to investigate the impact of ambient temperature on maternal complications, white blood cell count (WBC), newborn hearing, and neonatal jaundice. Methods A total of 418 participants were recruited from Fuzhou Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital in 2016. Participants were invited to fill out a structured questionnaire. The gridded near-surface air temperatures at a resolution of 0.1°* 0.1° for Fuzhou were extracted from a published dataset. Meteorological data and PM 2.5 were extracted based on participants’ residential addresses using R packages “ncdf4” and “raster.” Multivariate logistic regression models were used to quantify the effects of ambient temperature on APOs after controlling for confounders. Results Overall, there were 107 APOs, accounting for 25.6% of all participants. Every 1°C increase in mean temperature was associated with a 10.0% increase in APOs (aOR = 1.100, 95%CI 1.006–1.203) during the period of early pregnancy. However, negative associations were observed in the middle pregnancy period, and a 1°C increase in mean temperature was associated 8.8% decrease in APOs (aOR = 0.912, 95%CI 0.846–0.982). Diurnal temperature variation had a significant impact on APOs in the third trimester. Infant jaundice was negatively associated with temperature exposure in the middle and late pregnancy periods. The risk of neonatal jaundice increased at lag weeks 2–9 in the first trimester, with the greatest lagged effect (aOR = 1.201, 95%CI 1.020–1.413) observed at lag week 3. A 1°C increase in mean temperature led to a 29.6% (aOR = 1.296, 95%CI 1.019–1.649) increase in high WBC. A 1°C increase in temperature variation was associated with more than two times (aOR = 2.469, 95%CI 1.001–6.089) increase of high WBC in the first trimester and about five times (aOR = 4.724, 95%CI 1.548–14.409) increase in the third trimester. Conclusion Ambient temperature affects neonatal jaundice, newborn hearing loss, and infections during pregnancy. In addition to the identified epidemiologic link and susceptible exposure windows, there is a need to understand the underlying biological mechanisms for better recommendations for climate change adaptation policies.

Previous studies investigating the characteristics of imported cases were mostly limited to a certain province/city or a specific sub-group during a certain period with a small sample size, which may not provide an overall picture of the characteristics of imported cases. In this scoping literature review, we comprehensively synthesized the epidemiological characteristics of overseas imported COVID-19 cases into China by retrieving six literature databases, with aims to provide implications for more targeted control, prevention, and medical treatment of this disease. After dropping duplicates and reviewing titles, abstracts, and full-texts, 50 articles were included in the review finally, including 26 (52%) articles in English and 24 (48%) articles in Chinese. According to the type of data sources, the 50 studies were divided into three categories: 13 (26%) articles using data sourced from the Chinese Infectious Diseases Online Reporting System, 15 (30%) articles using data from the websites of national/local health departments, and 22 (44%) articles using hospital admission data. Most of the overseas imported COVID-19 cases were young and middle-aged Chinese students and businessmen returning from the United States, Europe, and some neighboring countries. Airport routine health screening measures could not identify COVID-cases effectively, although scheduled multiple nucleic acid tests were required before boarding. Almost all imported cases were identified during the hotel quarantine period. Although a large proportion of imported cases were asymptomatic or with mild symptoms in the published literature, they may be due to participant selection bias. The exact proportion of asymptomatic cases may need to be further investigated especially through population-based large-scale studies.

BackgroundType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an independent risk factor for functional limitations among the older population. The predicted increase in T2DM cases combined with the ongoing rapidly aging population may further burden the already overloaded healthcare system and aggravate the loss of economic self-sufficiency. This study aimed to investigate the activities of daily living (ADL) and its influencing factors on older people with T2DM, and to provide implications for the development and improvement of community nursing services in the context rapidly aging population in China.MethodsFrom March 2019 to June 2020, we conducted a cross-sectional questionnaire survey among older T2DM patients in Fuzhou, using a multi-stage cluster sampling approach. Functional status was measured by the Lawton ADL scale. Stata “nptrend” test was used to examine the trend of ordinal variables on ADL. Non-conditional logistic regression was used to identify factors affecting ADL limitations.ResultsA total of 2016 questionnaires were received, with a response rate of 96%. 12.4% of participants suffered from varying degrees of functional impairment. ADL limitations increased with age. More comorbidities were associated with a greater risk of developing functional limitations in ADLs. the following sub-groups were more likely to suffer from ADL impairment: those aged 70 and over years (OR = 1.99, 95%CI 1.77–2.56), living in an aged care house or with spouse/children (OR = 2.31, 95%CI 1.25–4.26), low monthly income (OR = 1.49, 95%CI 1.28–1.64), without health insurance (OR = 1.82, 95%CI 1.40–2.40), tight family expenses (OR = 1.95, 95%CI 1.42–2.69), having stroke (OR = 6.70, 95%CI 2.22–20.23) or malignant tumor (OR = 4.45, 95%CI 1.27–15.53), irregular eating habit (OR = 2.55, 95%CI 2.23–2.92), smoking (OR = 1.40, 95%CI 1.22–1.60), sedentary lifestyle (OR = 2.04, 95%CI 1.46–2.85), lack of physical exercise (OR = 1.35, 95%CI 1.19–1.53), sleeping difficulty (OR = 1.25, 95%CI 1.10–1.42), and lack of family support (OR = 1.19, 95%CI 1.10–1.29).ConclusionOlder adults (≥70 years) with T2DM had a high prevalence of functional limitations across a range of daily living tasks, which not only affect individual life of quality but also present a huge burden on the family, health services system, and the whole society. Identified factors associated with ADL limitations may provide useful information for targeted nursing practice and health promotion.

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a hyperglycemic state during pregnancy that results in disruptions of insulin sensitivity and secretion. It affects 7% of all pregnancies and lead to adverse maternal and offspring outcomes. GDM has many risk factors, such as ethnicity special, hereditary. However Nutritional factors offer key strategies against GDM, but this is less characterized for the Chinese population. Methods: A case control study of GDM pregnant women (n=49, 29.88+/-3.92 years of age) and healthy pregnant women (n=77, 27.63+/-4.83 years of age) from 1st Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University were studied. Diagnosis was made using oral glucose tolerance test. Dietary data were collected using food frequency questionnaires. Data for use of dietary supplements, occupation, education, income, meal expenditure and smoking history were also recorded. Results: No differences were found between GDM and control subjects for their age, education, occupation, monthly income, grocery expenditure and smoking (p>0.05). GDM subjects were associated with higher quantities of dairy products (p<0.05) and seafood (p<0.01) intake. There were also higher number of GDM subjects using protein powder supplementation (p<0.05). Conclusions: Dietary recommendation guidelines for pregnant Chinese women should consider possible risks with excessive consumption of dairy products, seafood and protein powder. They should also assess the quality of the nutrition factor, other dietary interactions and their nutritional status further to minimize adverse outcomes caused by GDM .

Metal intake greatly influences physiological development during infancy. For infants, breastmilk is the major route of metal exposure. The metal status of their nursing mothers is affected by lifestyle and nutritional factors. However, the relationship between these factors and breastmilk metal concentration is largely unknown. The present study provided food frequency questionnaires to be completed by 113 nursing mothers from Fujian Provincial Hospital. Their breastmilk samples were analysed for the metal concentrations using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometery (ICP-MS). Based on the outcome of the questionnaires and ICP-MS results, a total of 94 samples were deemed valid for further data analyses. Results showed levels of breastmilk lead (Pb) and iron (Fe) were outside the reference range from authoritative data. Correlation analyses found Pb levels to negatively associate with dietary fibre intake. Additionally, Fe levels were negatively associated with alcohol and dairy consumption. In terms of Zn levels, it was positively associated with tea and vitamin B1 intake. Zn was also negatively associated with seafood consumption. The study concluded dietary factors to associate with metal levels within breastmilk. Recommendations were made to increase consumption of dietary fibre, tea and foods rich in vitamin B1 for gestational and postpartum women. Conversely, alcohol consumption continues to be discouraged for this population. Furthermore, careful considerations need to be taken for levels of dairy and seafood intake to minimize metal metabolism disruptions. Infant metal exposure requires critical attention and this needs to be initiated through the diet and lifestyle of their nursing mothers.

目的 研究新生儿出生后不同时间人乳成分的特点及其对儿童生长的影响.方法 采集177 名0～6月龄足月婴儿母亲的乳汁,采用MIRIS HMA 型人乳分析仪检测人乳的蛋白质、脂肪、糖类、干物质含量以及能量,分析不同时间人乳成分的差异,以及人乳成分与婴儿生长的相关性.结果 0～6 月龄人乳总蛋白、真蛋白、乳汁非蛋白氮(NPN)呈现下降的趋势,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).采集人乳时平均月龄(2.49±2.02)、幼儿期平均月龄(25.16±6.98)获取两次体格数据,并与测得的母乳成分进行相关性研究,发现采集人乳时年龄别体重Z值(WAZ)、幼儿期年龄别身长Z值(LAZ)及幼儿期与采集人乳时的生长指标差值一年龄别体重Z值差(△WAZ)、年龄别身长Z值差(△LAZ)与人乳NPN 均呈正相关关系,而幼儿期与出生时BMI 的Z值差与NPN 呈负相关关系,P＜0.05.结论 人乳成分随婴儿月龄增长而变化,人乳中总蛋白、真蛋白、NPN 成分含量逐渐减少;NPN 有利于婴幼儿的体格生长,或与母乳对幼儿期肥胖的预防作用有关.

目的 探讨巨大儿发生的影响因素,为制定预防分娩巨大儿的措施提供参考依据.方法 选取2017年1-12月在厦门市妇幼保健院分娩巨大儿且有完整孕期信息资料的孕妇270例为巨大儿组.以上述孕妇的年龄为匹配因素,另收集同期在该院分娩胎儿出生体质量在2 500～3 999g之间、孕期信息资料完整的270例孕妇为正常组.分析两组孕妇孕前BMI、流产次数、不同孕期体质量增长及血脂水平等的差异.结果 多因素分析结果显示,妊娠期糖尿病(OR=2.698),孕前BMI≥24.0 kg/m2(OR=2.680),孕晚期低密度脂蛋白≥3.0 mmol/L(OR=2.799),孕晚期三酰甘油≥2.8 mmol/L(OR=4.868)、孕13～28周体质量增长≥9.0 kg(OR=2.407)、孕期总体质量增长≥16.0 kg(OR=4.079)均是分娩巨大儿的危险因素(P＜0.05).其中孕晚期三酰甘油≥2.8 mmol/L对巨大儿的发生影响最大.结论 合理控制孕期体质量增长,使得孕中期体质量总增长＜9 kg,整个孕期体质量增长＜16 kg是预防巨大儿发生的重要措施.产科医生应该关注孕期血脂水平,孕晚期三酰甘油≥2.8 mmol/L、低密度脂蛋白≥3.0 mmol/L对巨大儿的发生可能有促进作用.妊娠期糖尿病是分娩巨大儿的高危因素,临床应给予规范的饮食控制以降低巨大儿的发生率.

目的:探讨孕期体质量增长及血脂各项指标的变化对妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)发病的影响.方法:以273例GDM患者为病例组,并以年龄段为匹配因素进行1:1的频数配对,以273例糖耐量试验正常的孕妇作为对照组.收集两组孕妇年龄、孕前体质量、身高、每次产检的孕周及体质量,检测孕早期(孕13周前)空腹血糖、糖耐量结果及孕早期(孕13周前)、孕中期(孕19 ～ 20周)、孕晚期(孕36 ～ 37周)的血脂水平等资料,分析GDM的影响因素.结果:多因素Logistic回归分析显示,孕前BMI≥24.0 kg/m2(OR=2.015,P=0.040)、孕早期空腹血糖≥5.10 mmol/L(OR=2.183,P=0.014)、孕中期低密度脂蛋白≥2.80 mmol/L(OR=3.484,P=0.001)及平均每周体质量增长≥0.80 kg(OR=2.789,P=0.004)均是GDM发病的独立危险因素,而孕中期高密度脂蛋白≥1.90 mmol/L(OR =2.015,P=O.04)则是GDM发病的保护因素.结论:临床上,产科医生应及早关注孕前BMI≥24.0 kg/m2、孕早期空腹血糖≥5.10 mmol/L、孕中期平均每周体质量增长≥0.80 kg及低密度脂蛋白≥2.80 mmol/L的孕妇.以上指标作为GDM独立危险因素的评估,可能对GDM的发生风险能进行更好的预测.

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the risk factors of the gestational diabetes mellitus( GDM) among the re-birth pregnant women. METHODS:A total of 393 pregnant women with GDM were collected randomly according to the number of the antenatal care manual in the Maternal and Child Health Hospital in Xiamen City. Meanwhile, 393 pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance were chosen to be the control group matching withage of the GDM group. Their basic data would be analyzed, including the BMI before pregnancy, the degree of the education, the times of the abortion, the body weight gain during the pregnancy, their parental diabetes history, the birth weight of the last fetal, the history of GDM and so on. The two groups of people were re-birth pregnant women. RESULTS:Single factor analysis showed that among the GDM group, the total body weight gain before the 24 th week( 9. 11 ± 3. 09) kg and the proportion of their mothers with the DM( 64/393) were both higher than the control group( 7. 54 ± 2. 95) kg and( 38/393), however, the degree of the education was lower than the control group. Paired chi-square analysis showed that the history of macrosomia delivery( χ~2= 14. 297, P = 0. 001), the history of GDM( χ~2= 12. 938, P = 0. 001), and abortion history more than 2 times( χ~2=7. 078, P = 0. 010) were the risk factors of GDM for those women. Meanwhile, with the increasing of the fetal birth weight, the risk of being the GDM during the second pregnancy was also increasing. When the fetal birth weight reached 3. 8 kg, OR = 3. 467, the risk value reached a strong correlation. Multiple factors Logistic regression analysis showed those factors of GDM also had statistically significant differences, especially the bodyweight gain before the 24 th week over 10 kg played the most important role during the pregnancy( OR = 1. 875, P = 0. 001). CONCLUSION:The risk factors of the GDM for the re-birth pregnant women concluded the history of GDM, the history of macrosomia, the times of the abortion over twice, the bodyweight gain before the 24 th week over 10 kg, the low degree of the education, the pregnant women 's mother had the DM. For those pregnant women with fetal birth weight above 3. 8 kg, they should be included in the high risk population of GDM during the next pregnancy.

More and more epidemiological investigation and animal experiment indicated that the maternal nutrition has associated with the risk of developing adult offspring's non-infectious diseases in later life.These findings showed that the unbalanced maternal nutrition not only arouses their adult offspring non-infectious diseases,but also influences the risk of developing their offspring's asthma,gasp,and hereditary allergic constitution in childhood.These diseases will bring about psychological burden to the children,and seriously influence their growth,development and living quality,accompanied with life danger.However,many researches indicated that the rational nutrition and scientific diet during the pregnancy can reduce the morbidity risk of these diseases of the offspring.This paper makes simple summary for the effects of maternal nutrition on asthma,wheeze,and hereditary allergic diseases outcome in offspring during childhood.

A method for the determination of trans. fatty acid isomers in human milk fat was developed by gas chromatography. mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and applied to analyze TFAs in human milk fat. The fat was extracted with diethylether and petroleum ether after ammonia hydrolysis of human milk. C21:0 internal standard and boron trifluoride methanol solution were added to the extract for fat esterification. The solution then was refluxed in 80. water bath for 15 min. Finally the trans. fatty acid methyl ester isomers were extracted with hexane, and ana. lyzed by GC. MS. GC conditions were as follows: an HP. 88 column (100 mx0.25 mmx0.2 mu m) with inlet temperature of 260 degrees C, at a split ratio of 10:1, and a He flow rate of 1 mL/min. The initial column temperature was 140 degrees C (held for 5 min), then raised up to 240. at a rate of 4 degrees C/min (held for 15 min). The electronic ionization (EI) source energy was 70 eV, with auxil. iary (AUX) temperature of 280 degrees C, ion source temperature of 230 degrees C, quadrupole temperature of 150 degrees C in selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode. This method can analyze the 18 TFAs. The method detection limits (MDLs) of 12 TFAs were 4.0-47.1 mg/kg, and the average recoveries were 80% - 113% with the relative standard deviation (RSD, n = 6) range of 2.9% - 14.5%. TFAs were detected in some real samples and the contents were 9.5-46.9 mg/kg. The method is reli. able and sensitive, and would be better if the background interference of fatty acids should be diminished by silver ion solid phase extraction.

Objective:To understand the lifestyles and dietary structure of wet nurses in Fuzhou region and the interrelationship.Methods:A survey about lifestyles,nutritional and healthy conditions was conducted among the healthy wet nurses meeting the inclusion criteria and living in Fuzhou for one year or more than one year.Results:A total of 113 valid questionnaires were collected,the average daily intakes of poultry meat and eggs of wet nurses during puerperal period accounted for 439.5％ and 350.0％ of dietary reference intakes (DRIs) of wet nurses,respectively; fruits and vegetables accounted for 43.3％ and 25.0％ of DRIs of wet nurses,respectively; milk,milk products,beans,and bean products accounted for 0.0％ of DRIs of wet nurses,respectively.The average daily intake of energy accounted for 78.5％ of RNIs of wet nurses; the proportion of energy supplied by carbohydrate was low (34.3％),and the proportions of energy supplied by protein (27.9％) and fat (37.0％) were high.The average daily intakes of calcium and vitamin C accounted for 45.4％ and 73.8％ of RNI or AI of wet nurses,no calcium was from milk and beans.The intake and intake proportion of iron from grains among the exclusive breastfeeding nurses were less than those among the nonexclusive breastfeeding nurses; the intakes of fruits,iron,manganese,vitamin C,and carbohydrate among the wet nurses with history of drinking tea were higher than those among the wet nurses without history of drinking tea.Conclusion:The intakes of poultry meat and eggs of wet nurses during puerperal period are adequate even excess,but the intakes of vegetables,milk,milk products,beans,and bean products are extremely low,the intake of fruits is inadequate.The intake of total energy is inadequate,the energy proportions supplied by three nutriments are unreasonable,dietary structure of wet nurses are correlated with social factor.

目的 了解城市老年人膳食营养状况和膳食结构模式,为今后开展社区健康教育提供基础数据.方法 2012年1月整群随机抽取福清市6个居委会,按住户分布的实际情况分为每25户1群,每个居委会随机抽取1群共6群150户,用食物频率法调查60岁以上244名老年人的上一年的各类食物摄入频率和摄入量,分别计算每日食物摄入量、每日营养素摄入量、三大营养素产能比和蛋白质来源百分比等.结果 老年人每人每日谷类、鱼虾类、蛋类、大豆类及油、盐平均摄取量在推荐量范围内,蔬菜、水果类、肉类、奶类摄取量低于推荐量.60岁女性组水果、肉类、奶类摄取量明显高于70岁女性组(P ＜0.01);60岁男性组谷类摄入量明显高于60岁女性组(P＜0.01);70岁男性组奶类摄入量明显高于70岁女性组(P ＜0.01);60岁总人群肉类、大豆、奶类摄取量明显高于70岁总人群(P＜0.01、P＜0.05).老年人平均能量、维生素E、铁摄入量超过推荐营养素摄入量(RNI);蛋白质、维生素A、维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素C、钙、锌、硒的平均摄入量均低于RNI/AI标准.60岁女性组热能、蛋白质、VitB2、钙、锌、硒摄入量明显高于70岁女性组(P＜0.05、P＜0.01);70岁男性组热能、蛋白质、VitB1、锌、硒摄入量明显高于70岁女性组(P＜0.01、P＜0.05;60岁总人群热能、VitB1、锌摄入量明显高于70岁总人群(P＜0.01、P＜0.05).结论 福清市老年人膳食结构不太合理,应控制热能摄入量,适当增加奶肉和果蔬摄入量.

目的:探讨分娩巨大儿的危险因素,为降低巨大儿发生率的干预措施提供参考依据,同时评价营养治疗对改善妊娠期糖尿病(gestational diabetes mellitus,GDM)孕妇妊娠结局的效果.方法:于2013～2014年期间,追踪随访在厦门市妇幼保健院常规产检并足月分娩的孕妇1 041例.收集研究对象的病历档案资料.妊娠期糖尿病的孕妇,一旦确诊后,即给予饮食指导,必要时使用胰岛素治疗.根据分娩结局将研究对象分为巨大儿组与非巨大儿组,探讨发生巨大儿的危险因素.同时,评价营养治疗对改善GDM孕妇妊娠结局的效果.结果:①随着年龄的增长,孕前BMI指数的增加,胎儿的出生体重有上升的趋势;同时,胎儿出生体长与出生体重呈正相关关系,相关系数为0.717.②多因素Logistic回归分析显示,孕前BMI指数越大(OR1=2.345,P1=0.046;OR2=4.597,P2 =0.005)、孕妇身高越高(OR1=2.086,P1=0.016;OR2 =9.934,P2 =0.001)、孕期体重总增长超过18 kg(OR=2.941,P=0.001)、胎儿性别为男性(OR=1.945,P=0.022)均是分娩巨大儿的危险因素(P＜0.05).③GDM孕妇,饮食控制血糖的达标率为79.8％.卡方分层分析显示,饮食控制未达标组的剖宫产率高于糖耐量试验正常组,差异有统计学意义(x2=6.682,P＜0.0125).在出生体重异常率方面,3组间(即GDM饮食控制达标组、饮食控制未达标组及糖耐量试验正常组)差异无统计学意义(P＞0.0125).结论:①巨大儿的发生与孕前体型超重、孕妇身材高大(尤其是身高超过170 cm)、孕期体重总增长超过18 kg、胎儿性别为男性有关.由于孕妇身高、胎儿出生时身长、胎儿出生体重三者间呈正相关关系,胎儿出生身长与胎儿出生体重的相关性为0.717,因此在判定是否为巨大儿方面,应当要考虑胎儿出生身长的因素.②饮食控制是GDM孕妇的关键治疗措施,饮食控制血糖的达标率可近80％,治疗后的GDM孕妇,胎儿出生体重异常率(巨大儿或小样儿)接近糖耐量试验正常的孕妇.

Objective To explore the detection rate of chronic complications of diabetes mellitus(DM) and the influencing factors, and to provide the basic data for intervening in DM of community. Methods The simple random sampling method was used to select 627 cases with DM from data of the Pilot Project of Community Prevention and Control of Chronic Disease in Fuzhou City, 627 cases with DM were divided into two groups according to complications: DCP group(413 cases) and non-DCP group(214 cases). Awareness, treatment and control rates between the two groups were compared. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of DM complications. Results The results indicated that 65.87% of the DM patients had complications. The detection rate of hypertension was the highest, the detection rate of dyslipidemia came second. The awareness rate(69.5%) in DCP group was significantly higher than that(58.4%) in non-DCP group, but the control rate(8.7%) in DCP group was significantly lower than that(14.5%) in non-DCP group. The multi factor regression analysis showed DM duration(4 years),fasting plasma glucose(7.0 mmol/L), HbA1C(6.0%), walking time(280 min/w), compliance behavior, water intake(1 200ml/d), carbonhydrates intake(250 g/d) and salt intake(6 g/d) were correlated negatively with chronic complications of DM, age(50 years old), BMI(24.0 kg/m2), A type of personality and animal oil intake(25 g/d) were correlated positively with chronic complications of DM. Conclusion The detected rate of DM complications in the community is high and the occurrence of DM complications is related with life style.

Abstract Objective To develop a new model of desirable dietary pattern (N-DDP) score for Chinese diets and to validate it against the nutrient-rich foods (NRF) index. Design The N-DDP score model followed the principles of the traditional DDP (T-DDP) score model (DDP-China for 2000) proposed in 1991 and of food grouping in the dietary pagoda for Chinese residents in 2007, and made detailed ratings by expressing the food weight coefficient, reasonable maximum limit of the score and an algorithm of the deserved score for each group of foods after considering current nutritional problems of Chinese residents. The N-DDP score model was validated against the NRF9·3 index with linear regression analysis and compared with the T-DDP score model. Settings One set of dietary data was extracted from the diet recommended by the dietary pagoda for Chinese residents in 2007 and the literature on dietary surveys in China. The other two sets of dietary data were from a dietary survey in 2011. DDP scores for all three dietary data sets were calculated with the N-DDP score model and the T-DDP score model. Subjects All items of dietary records in the three dietary data sets were included in the present study. Results All DDP scores obtained with the N-DDP score model were positively correlated (P = 0·000) with the NRF9·3 index. DDP scores obtained with the N-DDP score model had higher R 2 with the NRF9·3 index than those of the T-DDP score model, as well as higher β values. Conclusions It can be considered that the N-DDP score is a more accurate and convenient tool to evaluate current individual and group diet for Chinese residents.

目的 了解孕中期妇女膳食状况对妊娠期糖代谢的影响,为孕中期采取相应护理保健措施提供依据.方法 前瞻性研究,在厦门市妇幼保健院随机选取符合条件的对象455例进行膳食状况调查,追踪糖代谢状况.糖代谢相关膳食因素进行非条件logistic回归.结果 追踪至结局417例,糖代谢异常35例,其中糖耐量异常21例(4.8％),妊娠期糖尿病14例(3.2％).logistic回归发现摄入奶粉且时间不超过3个月是糖代谢异常的保护因素(OR＜1,P＜0.05),每天肉类摄入50 g以上、鱼虾蟹贝类摄入100 g以上是糖代谢异常的危险因素(OR＞1,P＜0.05).结论 肉类、鱼虾蟹贝类摄入过多可使糖代谢异常风险增加;摄入孕妇奶粉且时间不超过3个月可降低糖代谢异常风险.护理人员针对相应问题进行营养宣教,将有利于孕妇血糖水平的控制.

目的 探讨亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶(MTHFR)基因1298位点多态性及叶酸水平等因素与宫颈癌易感性的关系.方法 于2007年至2011年,收集在厦门市妇幼保健院、厦门市第一医院和厦门市中医院就诊的129例宫颈癌患者作为病例组,并以同期健康体检的妇女214例作为对照组,检测其血清中叶酸、维生素B12水平及MTHFR1298基因表达情况,同时对其进行问卷调查.结果 ①宫颈癌组的叶酸水平为(13.29±8.47) nmol/L低于对照组的(16.75士7.92)nmol/L(P=0.001),并且其人乳头瘤状病毒(HPV)阳性率及首次生育年龄在25岁以下的比例分别为73.6％和68.22％,高于对照组的25.7％(x2=75.178,P=0.001)和54.20％(x2 =6.556,P=0.001).②两组中MTHFR 1298位点的分布差异有统计学意义(x2=12.466,P=0.002),与携带AA基因型者相比,携带AC(OR=1.831,95％CI为1.309～2.562)及CC基因型(OR=5.804,95％CI为2.187～15.405)者患宫颈癌的风险更高(P＜0.05).③将AA和AC基因型合并为一组,分析发现宫颈癌组与对照组在基因型构成比方面的差异也有统计学意义(x2 =4.527,P=0.033),OR=4.650(95％CI为1.129～19.150).结论 宫颈癌的发病可能与体内叶酸水平偏低及生育年龄过早有关,在MTHFR 1298基因多态性中,携带AC或CC基因型可能是宫颈癌发病的易感基因,尤其是CC基因型.