通过构建海马齿(S.portulacastrum L.)-石斑鱼封闭式海水生态养殖实验系统,模拟研究海马齿生态浮床对石斑鱼生长及养殖效益的影响,探索并优化浮床-水体面积覆盖比.结果显示,经22 d培养,海马齿成活率组间无明显差异(P>0.05),植株增重率与浮床覆盖率呈线性正相关(R2=0.994,P=0.0485).浮床处理组石斑鱼成活率、特定生长率(SGR)、饵料转化率和产出投入比均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而浮床处理组间无显著差异(P>0.05).T2、T3组石斑鱼平均增重率和残饵粪便产量均高于对照组(P<0.05),与T1组无显著差异(P>0.05).各处理组的投饵量大小顺序为T3>(T2、T1)>CK,T3组残饵粪便氮含量低于其他处理组(P<0.05),而磷含量无组间差异(P>0.05).结果表明,海马齿生态浮床对石斑鱼存活、生长和养殖产出均具有明显的促进作用;15％的浮床覆盖率即可有效促进石斑鱼存活、提高经济效益;覆盖率为30％时,石斑鱼产量得到显著提高;当覆盖率升高至45％时,石斑鱼对饵料蛋白利用效率得到显著提升;其中以30％覆盖率综合养殖效益最佳.

针对规模化网箱养殖的自身污染问题,在东山湾八尺门鱼类养殖海区开展海马齿(Sesuvium portulacastrum)生态浮床原位修复研究.经过一年的生长,八尺门修复区海马齿平均茎长1.28 m,平均根须长0.52 m,生物量达152.5×103 g/m2,通过生长吸收对C、N、P的积累量分别为5214.0、378.5、22.9 g/m2.经过两年的原位修复,浮床修复区海水的DO比对照区高11.9％;浮床对石油类、 悬浮物和COD的去除率分别为42.3％、14.9％和10.0％,对TN的去除率为11.7％,对NH4-N、NO3-N和PO4-P的去除率分别为19.9％、16.4％和9.2％;由于海水的流动性和影响因素的复杂性,浮床对TOC、NO2-N和TP的去除效果不理想.综上,海马齿生态浮床能够在一定程度上改善修复区海水水质,减轻网箱养殖水体的营养负荷.

在水温(29.96±0.40)℃条件下,选用人工配合饲料饲养初始体质量为(297.79±59.94)g的珍珠龙胆石斑鱼,经过60d的养殖试验,研究了不同投喂频率1次/d、2次/d、1次/2d对工厂化循环水养殖系统中珍珠龙胆石斑鱼生长和血浆抗应激酶活力的影响.结果表明:投喂频率为1次/2d的成活率(99.39±0.01)％,均显著高于投喂频率为1次/d的(96.75±0.66)％和2次/d的(97.08±0.66)％ (P ＜0.05);各试验组间的特定生长率(SGR=1.05～1.19 ％/d)、肥满度(CF=1.63～1.77)、相对增质量(RWG=187.65％～205.04％)、日增质量(DWG=4.33～5.00 g/d)、体质量变异系数(SV=14.50～18.30)、日摄食率(FI=1.07 ～1.24％/d)、饲料转化效率(FCE=81.77％～87.38％)及饲料系数(FCR =1.15 ～1.25)均无显著影响(P＞0.05);在血浆抗应激酶活力方面,投喂频率对珍珠龙胆石斑鱼血浆中的碱生磷酸酶(AKP =8.07 ～8.26金氏单位/100 mL)、过氧化氢酶(CAT=1.92 ～2.52 U/mL)及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD=23.39～24.34 U/mL)也均无显著影响(P＞0.05).在本试验条件下,可以采用1次/2d的投喂频率来提高工厂化循环水养殖珍珠龙胆石斑鱼的成活率.

为构建大黄鱼生态养殖模式,通过开展海带-大黄鱼间养试验,研究了该养殖模式下海带对大黄鱼网箱养殖区富营养化海水的生物修复效果.通过对生物修复区、 非生物修复区和非养殖区的连续定时和定点监测,结果表明间养海带对大黄鱼网箱养殖区的富营养化海水具有明显的修复作用.经过28 d的连续监测,生物修复区的溶解氧(DO)浓度明显高于非修复区,无机氮(IN)、 无机磷(IP)浓度均低于非修复区,同时生物修复区的化学耗氧量(COD)达到非养殖区的水平.因此,海带-大黄鱼的生态间养模式能有效降低富营养化水体中的IN和IP,并显著提高DO浓度,改善水质,这将为大黄鱼的健康生态养殖提供参考.

From the ecological characteristics,disease prevention and control,and market risks these three aspects,this paper proposed the countermeasures on the risk preventing of the cage cultured Lutjanus erythepterus in the sea areas of southeastern Fujian and northeastern Guangdong: It should be accurate to grasp the market supply and demand information for farmers.And in the temperature of 18.0~33.0℃,which is suitable for the growth of Lutjanus erythepterus,farmers should throw a certain number of fries which lengths are above 5.0cm,feeding them 2~3 times every day(the quantity of the daily feeding is 5.0~7.0% of the weight of fish.),managing them strictly every day in the process of culture,discovering and curing diseases in time.The author carried out an experiment in the sea area of Xiamen Liuwudian from 2004~2006.After 170 days of the culture,the fish can reach the standard(the weight of fish is above 450g),the survival rate was 85.3~91.5%,and the interest rate was 18.8%~72.1%.

As some problems such as long nursery period,availability of live food etc arose in indoor production of Hapalogenys nitens juveniles.In 2001～2002,we conducted experiments to study the breeding techniques of Hapalogenys nitens juveniles in outdoor tanks by simulating nature ecosystem.The results were given as follows: put 6 and 2 species of live food into the 1# experiment tank and 2# comparison tank.In 2001,in 1# and 2# tank,55,500 and 30,300 juveniles were produced after 108 days,they averaged 31mmTL and 29mmTL;0.9gBW and 0.75gBW;The survival rates were 18.5% and 10.1 %.In 2002,after 60 days nursery,49,800 and 27,600 juveniles were produced averaging 36.7mmTL and 30.8mmTL;1.48gBW and 0.95gBW,survival rates were 16.6% and 9.2%.The results indicated that the survival rate,total length,body weight of juveniles in 1#tank were better than that in 2#tank obviously,it is beneficial for multiformity of live foods,feeding and nutrition of larval,it's also helpful for fly growth and advance the survival rate.

Breeding in outer space, which has made significant achievements but limited to crops seeds and strains, is one of the most important projects in the global competition for exploitation of outer space. Due to the special requirements for satellites and living conditions for aquatic organisms, no fishery live-baits have been set to outer space for breeding purpose by now. This article will begin the exploration on this subject on basis of experiments.

The experiments had been done in 1995 and 1996,and the results showed that:(1)The highest survival rate and best growth of larvae of Mugil cephalus among the experiment groups was the group fed on rotifers enriched with liver's oil of cuttlefish,because of their good composition of highly unsaturated fatty acid. The survival rate was (25%～61%),the larvae obtained healthy growth,and the days of metamorphosis into fingerlings was less than other groups. The second was the group fed on rotifer cultured with Chlorella sp. The survival rate was 13%～24%. The worst result was the group fed on rotifer cultured with bake's yeast,in which the larvae only lived out 10～15d.(2) On growth rate of fry,the group one also took the best. In this testing group,the fry developed healthily,and the days of metamorphosis into fingerlings were less than those in any other two groups.